scholarly journals Electrical Conductivity, pH and other soil chemical parameters after sub-irrigation with untreated and treated municipal wastewater in two different soils.

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Soil Chemical Parameters

<p>The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of sub-irrigation with untreated and treated municipal wastewater on soil chemical parameters. Three treatments were used: untreated wastewater (U), treated wastewater (T) and tap water (W), being the control treatment, in two soil types, Sandy loam (SL) and Loamy sand (LS). A sub-irrigation system including pots filled with soil was installed in one of the greenhouses of the Agricultural University of Athens. The wastewater used was applied in the soil in pots at a depth of 10cm and 20cm. In order to determine the changes of chemical parameters at the point where the emitter was placed, the soil was divided into two zones according to depth: (zone I -upper) and (zone II-lower). The pH, CaCO3 %, K μg/g, Na μg/g, P μg/g and EC μmhos/cm, were determined. Statistically significant differences (p &lt;0, 05) in sodium Na+ μg/g and electrical conductivity EC were observed, only in LS soil. Phosphorus and sodium increased in zone (I) for SL soil (p &lt;0, 05). Electrical conductivity and potassium increased in zone (I), while CaCO3% and pH increased in zone (II) for LS soil (P &lt;0, 05).</p>

scholarly journals The effect of sub-irrigation with untreated and treated municipal wastewater on organic matter and Nitrogen content on two soil types

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Total N ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Zone Ii

<p>In order to study the chemical parameters of the soil after sub-irrigation with wastewater, a system was installed in one of the greenhouses of the Agricultural University of Athens. Wastewater was applied subsurface into the soil mass of the pots were used. Three treatments were used: Untreated wastewater (U), Treated wastewater (T) and tap water (W) as control. Two different types were used: Soil (a) characterized as Sandy loam and soil (b) characterized as Loamy sand. Moreover, in order to investigate the change of total Nitrogen and organic matter concentrations at the point where the emitter was placed, the soil mass was divided into two zones. The upper (zone I) and the lower one (zone II). The total nitrogen content, ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrogen nitrate (NO3-N) and the percentage of organic matter, were determined in the soil samples. Statistically significant differences (p &lt;0, 05) were observed in the organic matter and the total N%, only for soil (b). For soil (a), organic matter percentage was increased in zone (I) (irrigation with treated wastewater at 20 cm depth). For soil (b), total N% was increased in zone (I), while nitrate and ammonium were increased in zone (II) (irrigation with untreated wastewater at 20 cm depth).</p>

Cultivation of rice for animal feed with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater for enhanced nitrogen removal: comparison of cultivation systems feeding irrigation water upward and downward

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Muramatsu ◽  
H. Ito ◽  
A. Sasaki ◽  
A. Kajihara ◽  
T. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

To achieve enhanced nitrogen removal, we modified a cultivation system with circulated irrigation of treated municipal wastewater by using rice for animal feed instead of human consumption. The performance of this modified system was evaluated through a bench-scale experiment by comparing the direction of circulated irrigation (i.e. passing through paddy soil upward and downward). The modified system achieved more than three times higher nitrogen removal (3.2 g) than the system in which rice for human consumption was cultivated. The removal efficiency was higher than 99.5%, regardless of the direction of circulated irrigation. Nitrogen in the treated municipal wastewater was adsorbed by the rice plant in this cultivation system as effectively as chemical fertilizer used in normal paddy fields. Circulated irrigation increased the nitrogen released to the atmosphere, probably due to enhanced denitrification. Neither the circulation of irrigation water nor its direction affected the growth of the rice plant and the yield and quality of harvested rice. The yield of rice harvested in this system did not reach the target value in normal paddy fields. To increase this yield, a larger amount of treated wastewater should be applied to the system, considering the significant amount of nitrogen released to the atmosphere.

Recycling of domestic wastewater treated by vertical-flow wetlands for watering of vegetables

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. A. A. N. Almuktar ◽  
M. Scholz ◽  
R. H. K. Al-Isawi ◽  
A. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Untreated Wastewater

The aim was to assess if domestic wastewater treated by different vertical-flow wetlands can be successfully recycled to water commercially grown crops. The growth of both Sweet Pepper (California Wonder; cultivar of Capsicum annuum Linnaeus Grossum Group) and Chilli (De Cayenne; Capsicum annuum (Linnaeus) Longum Group 'De Cayenne') fed with different treated and untreated wastewater types were assessed. The overall growth development of Sweet Peppers was poor due to the high concentrations of nutrients and trace minerals. In contrast, chilies did reasonably well but the growth of foliage was excessive and the harvest was delayed. High yields were associated with tap water and an organic growth medium, and a wetland with a high aggregate size, leaving sufficient space for biomass. Low fruit numbers correlated well with inorganic growth media and irrigation water contaminated by hydrocarbons. Findings indicate that nutrient concentrations supplied to the Chillies by a combination of compost and treated waste water are usually too high to produce a good harvest. However, as the compost is depleted of nutrients after about 8 months, the harvest increased for pots that received pre-treated wastewater. Findings will lead to a better understanding of the effects of different wetland treatment processes.

Rice production with minimal irrigation and no nitrogen fertilizer by intensive use of treated municipal wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi Muramatsu ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Atsushi Sasaki ◽  
Hiroaki Ito ◽  
Akihiko Kajihara
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
New System

We designed a new cultivation system of rice with circulated irrigation to remove nitrogen from treated municipal wastewater effectively and assessed the possibility of nitrogen removal in the new system without any adverse effects on rice production through bench-scale experiments through two seasons. Overgrowth of the rice plant, which can lead to lodging and tasteless rice, was found in the first season probably because nitrogen supply based on standard practice in normal paddy fields was too much in the closed irrigation system. In the second season, therefore, the amount of treated wastewater initially applied to the system was reduced but this resulted in a considerably decreased yield. On the other hand, the taste of the rice was significantly improved. The two-season experiments revealed that the new system enabled rice production with minimal irrigation (approximately 50% on the yield base compared to normal paddy fields) and no nitrogen fertilizer. The system also achieved &gt;95% removal of nitrogen from the treated wastewater used for circulated irrigation. The accumulation of harmful metals in the rice was not observed after one season of cultivation in the new system. The accumulation after cultivation using the same soil repeatedly for a longer time should be examined by further studies.

Growth and accumulation of heavy metals in turnip (Brassica rapa) irrigated with different concentrations of treated municipal wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabassum Parveen ◽  
Athar Hussain ◽  
M. Someshwar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
Metals Accumulation ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

The present study has been carried out by irrigating turnip plants with different concentrations of treated municipal wastewater in order to see the effect on heavy metals accumulation and growth of plants. The turnip plants were watered with normal water and the results compared with results obtained by using treated municipal wastewater. The treatments used were: control (tap water) with 0, 25, 50 and 75% wastewater, and 100% wastewater, in three replications. The results indicated a substantial build-up of heavy metals in turnip irrigated with wastewater. The heavy metals content in the dry matter of the plants increased significantly with increase in wastewater concentration. Analysis of plant samples indicated the maximum accumulation of Fe (1,835 mg/kg in roots and 1,247 mg/kg in leaves) followed by Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu and Cd. The findings of this study regarding daily intake of metals suggest that the consumption of plants grown in wastewater is high, compared to consumption of those grown in tap water, but is nearly free of risks.

Can treated municipal wastewater be reused after ozonation and nanofiltration? Results from a pilot study of pharmaceutical removal in Henriksdal WWTP, Sweden

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Flyborg ◽  
Berndt Björlenius ◽  
Kenneth M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Potable Reuse ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of nanofiltration (NF) and ozonation for indirect potable reuse in terms of pharmaceutical residuals. To simultaneously obtain a reasonable retentate volume for further treatment, the tests were performed at a high volume reduction factor (VRF) of 60. The feed to the pilot plant was the effluent from a BNR plant with a final process step of chemical precipitation and rapid sand filtration. Two tests were performed 1) nanofiltration of treated wastewater followed by ozonation and 2) ozonated treated wastewater as feed to NF. Of the 95 pharmaceuticals analysed, three were not removed to the quantification limit, oxazepam in the first test and glibenclamide and ketoprofen in the second. The water quality after the two processes was similar, with an overall removal of pharmaceutical residuals of 99%. There are two advantages of ozonated water as feed to NF—a higher specific flux of 35% and a potential removal of ozonation by-products. The retention of some pharmaceuticals by NF was lower than anticipated, the major removal occurring in the ozonation. A tighter NF or RO is required in order to achieve higher pharmaceutical retention for further treatment of the retentate.

scholarly journals The speciation of inorganic arsenic in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated municipal wastewater

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1514-1521
Author(s):  
Mari Ataee ◽  
Toraj Ahmadi-Jouibari ◽  
Negar Noori ◽  
Nazir Fattahi
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption ◽  
Treated Municipal Wastewater

An efficient method using vortex-assisted microextraction based on a deep eutectic solvent followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was developed for the determination of arsenic species in soil and vegetables irrigated with treated wastewater.

Reclaimed municipal wastewater for forage production

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1784-1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Said Ines ◽  
Mezghani Imed ◽  
Donyez Frikha ◽  
Chaieb Mohamed ◽  
Muscolo Adele
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Total Coliforms

This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using reclaimed municipal wastewater for agricultural purpose. We assessed the validity of municipal wastewater treatment, analyzing its chemical characteristics before and after the biological stabilization by pond treatment (WSP). The reclaimed municipal treated wastewater (TWW) was used to irrigate Cenchrus ciliaris. Experiments were carried out in greenhouse, from July 2013 to July 2014, comparing the effects of TWW with the water normally used for irrigation (tap water, TW) on the growth and flowering parameters of C. ciliaris. During this study, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. were detected in TW, TWW, soils and plants under irrigation. Our results evidenced that TWW increased plant growth, producing taller plants with respect to TW. Total coliforms and fecal coliforms in TWW, TW, soils and plants were under the threshold recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Salmonella was never found in TW, TWW, or soil and plants irrigated with TWW. The absence of pathogens suggests that the pond treatment is an effective method to reclaim wastewater, lowering biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and pathogens. In this respect, TWW can be used as a valid alternative to freshwater for irrigation of fodder species.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation with Municipal Wastewater on Heavy Metal and Fecal Coliform Concentrations in Plant and Soil

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Water And Wastewater

<p>In order to investigate the effect of treated wastewater on heavy metals and fecal coliform in plant and soil, a field experiment was conducted in RCBD with three treatments in four replications during 2016-2017 in Borkhar, Isfahan (Iran). Treatments including well water, semi-treated wastewater and combination of well water and wastewater were applied in consecutive cultivation of wheat and forage corn. The amount of heavy metals in the soil did not change after two seasons of wastewater application compared to well water. The amount of fecal coliform in both plants was increased in the irrigation water treatment compared to the well water, which was more evident in the corn plant, which is related to the high moisture content of this plant at harvest stage. Due to the improvement of soil nutrient concentrations after two seasons of continuous application of wastewater and no increase in the amount of heavy metals in the soil, the use of wastewater for agricultural production is permissible. But according to the fecal coliform index, it is recommended not to be used for the production of crops harvested at high humidity and conditions for the survival of pathogens.</p>

scholarly journals Reclaimed Wastewater to Irrigate Olive Groves and Vineyards: Effects on Soil Properties

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 649
Author(s):  
Jorge De las Heras ◽  
Pilar Mañas
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Olive Groves

Having drinking water is one of the sustainable development goals (SDG no. 6) that is not always easy to ensure, especially in countries like Spain or arid regions marked by water deficit. The reuse of treated water should be considered when planning water resources, but it is necessary to verify that this effectiveness is applicable to real situations. A field trial was carried out in several study areas distributed in agricultural parcels of south east Spain. Soils from two olive groves and two vineyards irrigated with treated wastewater (TW) were monitored for to compare with other plantations irrigated with conventional well water (WW) since July 2016–September 2018. Five different irrigation water sources were analyzed (two from well water and three from reclaimed wastewater). No microbiological, metal content, toxicity or organic compounds (PAHs and PCBs) in the studied water samples were detected and reclaimed municipal wastewater was comparable in quality to the conventional sources at all the demonstration sites, except for higher electrical conductivity. Soils irrigated with TW had higher values for electrical conductivity, N, K, Na, Mg, Mn and cation exchange capacity. The main precautions to be considered when irrigating with treated wastewater are its salt content and its tendency to high values of electrical conductivity. Otherwise, they are an interesting contribution of nutrients to soil. Hence adopting this water type to irrigate orchards, vineyards and olive groves could help to save primary water resources.

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