scholarly journals Optimizing operation of a large-scale pumped storage hydropower system coordinated with wind farm by means of genetic algorithms

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Reservoir System ◽  
Pumped Storage

<p>Due to the intermittent and fluctuating nature of wind and other renewable energy sources, their integration into electricity systems requires large-scale and flexible storage systems to ensure uninterrupted power supply and to reduce the percentage of produced energy that is discarded or curtailed. Storage of large quantities of electricity in the form of dynamic energy of water masses by means of coupled reservoirs has been globally recognized as a mature, competitive and reliable technology; it is particularly useful in countries with mountainous terrain, such as Greece. Its application may increase the total energy output (and profit) of coupled wind-hydroelectric systems, without affecting the availability of water resources. Optimization of such renewable energy systems is a very complex, multi-dimensional, non-linear, multi modal, nonconvex and dynamic problem, as the reservoirs, besides hydroelectric power generation, serve many other objectives such as water supply, irrigation and flood mitigation. Moreover, their function should observe constraints such as environmental flow. In this paper we developed a combined simulation and optimization model to maximize the total benefits by integrating wind energy production into a pumped-storage multi-reservoir system, operating either in closed-loop or in open-loop mode. In this process, we have used genetic algorithms as the optimization tool. Our results show that when the operation of the reservoir system is coordinated with the wind farm, the hydroelectricity generation decreases drastically, but the total economical revenue of the system increases by 7.02% when operating in closed-loop and by 7.16% when operating in open-loop mode. We conclude that the hydro-wind coordination can achieve high wind energy penetration to the electricity grid, resulting in increase of the total benefits of the system. Moreover, the open-loop pumped-storage multi-reservoir system seems to have better performance, ability and flexibility to absorb the wind energy decreasing to a lesser extent the hydroelectricity generation, than the closed-loop.</p>

scholarly journals Electricity Generation and Energy Cost Estimation of Large-Scale Wind Turbines in Jarandagh, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasra Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Mostafaeipour ◽  
Yagob Dinpashoh ◽  
Nima Pouya
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Output

Currently, wind energy utilization is being continuously growing so that it is regarded as a large contender of conventional fossil fuels. This study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of electricity generation using wind energy in Jarandagh situated in Qazvin Province in north-west part of Iran. The potential of wind energy in Jarandagh was investigated by analyzing the measured wind speed data between 2008 and 2009 at 40 m height. The electricity production and economic evaluation of four large-scale wind turbine models for operation at 70 m height were examined. The results showed that Jarandagh enjoys excellent potential for wind energy exploitation in 8 months of the year. The monthly wind power at 70 m height was in the range of 450.28–1661.62 W/m2, and also the annual wind power was 754.40 W/m2. The highest capacity factor was obtained using Suzlon S66/1.25 MW turbine model, while, in terms of electricity generation, Repower MM82/2.05 MW model showed the best performance with total annual energy output of 5705 MWh. The energy cost estimation results convincingly demonstrated that investing on wind farm construction using all nominated turbines is economically feasible and, among all turbines, Suzlon S66/1.25 MW model with energy cost of 0.0357 $/kWh is a better option.

Design of a Magnetic Wall-Climbing Car

2014 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Qiong Ying Lv ◽  
Yu Shi Mei ◽  
Xi Jia Tao
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Magnetic Wall ◽  
Force Curves

As the trend of large-scale wind Power, People pay more attention to wind energy, which as a clean, renewable energy. Traditional unarmed climbing and crane lifting has been unable to meet the requirements of the equipment maintenance. Magnetic climb car can automatically crawl along the wall of the steel tower, the maintenance equipment and personnel can be sent to any height of the tower. The quality of the magnetic wall-climbing car is 550kg, which can carry 1.3 tons load. In this paper completed the magnetic wall-climbing car design and modeling, mechanical analysis in static and dynamic, obtained with the air gap and Magnetic Force curves. The application shows that the magnetic wall-climbing car meets the reliable adsorption, heavy-duty operation, simple operation etc..

A High Step-up DC-DC Converter Based on the Voltage Lift Technique for Renewable Energy Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11059
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Khan ◽  
Arshad Mahmood ◽  
Mohammad Zaid ◽  
Mohd Tariq ◽  
Chang-Hua Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Voltage Gain

High gain DC-DC converters are getting popular due to the increased use of renewable energy sources (RESs). Common ground between the input and output, low voltage stress across power switches and high voltage gain at lower duty ratios are desirable features required in any high gain DC-DC converter. DC-DC converters are widely used in DC microgrids to supply power to meet local demands. In this work, a high step-up DC-DC converter is proposed based on the voltage lift (VL) technique using a single power switch. The proposed converter has a voltage gain greater than a traditional boost converter (TBC) and Traditional quadratic boost converter (TQBC). The effect of inductor parasitic resistances on the voltage gain of the converter is discussed. The losses occurring in various components are calculated using PLECS software. To confirm the performance of the converter, a hardware prototype of 200 W is developed in the laboratory. The simulation and hardware results are presented to determine the performance of the converter in both open-loop and closed-loop conditions. In closed-loop operation, a PI controller is used to maintain a constant output voltage when the load or input voltage is changed.

Decision Support System for Wind Farm Installation Using Bipolar Analysis

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmina Bouzarour-Amokrane ◽  
Ayeley P. Tchangani ◽  
François Pérès
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Support System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Energy Projects ◽  
And Performance

The necessity to control and reduce the negative impact of human activities on environment and life quality along with technology progress in renewable energy in general and wind energy in particular render it possible today to consider wind energy projects on a large scale. Developing wind energy on a large scale however raises other problems such as choosing an adequate site to settle a wind farm where many other issues such technical feasibility and performance levels, visual pollution, economic and social concerns, etc. must be addressed. Such decisions usually involve many parameters and necessitate the collaboration of many stakeholders. In this context, this chapter proposes an approach based on the concept of bipolar analysis through Benefit Opportunity Cost and Risk (BOCR) analysis, which permits one to address correctly a Group Decision-Making Problem (GDMP) to build a decision support system in order to assist the wind farm installation process.

Model risk regarding monthly wind energy production for the valuation of a wind farm investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Krömer
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Farm Investment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess model risk with regard to wind energy output in monthly cash flow models for the purpose of valuation and risk assessment of wind farm investments, where only a few approaches exist in the literature. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the risk-return characteristics of this investment from the perspective of private and institutional investors and takes into account several risks, in particular the resource risk related to the uncertainty of the monthly wind energy produced. To this end, this paper presents different approaches for modeling monthly wind power output and assesses the impact of three selected models with different properties on the investment’s risk-return characteristics by means of a stochastic discounted cash flow model. In addition, the model considers the possibility of a joint operation of the wind farm with a pumped hydro storage system to reduce risk and improve profits. Findings The results show that the (non-)consideration of seasonality of the monthly wind energy produced considerably influences the risk-return characteristics, but that principal developments dependent on input parameters and model variables remain similar. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by presenting different approaches for modeling the monthly wind energy produced based on direct models of the wind energy output, which are rare in the existing literature. Further, their impact on risk-return characteristics of a wind farm investment is analyzed, and thus, related model risk is assessed.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Probabilistic Transient Stability Approach to Assess the High Penetration of Renewable Energy in Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4205
Author(s):  
Young-Been Cho ◽  
Yun-Sung Cho ◽  
Jae-Gul Lee ◽  
Seung-Chan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transient Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Energy Capacity ◽  
Electric System ◽  
The Many

Recently, because of the many environmental problems worldwide, Korea is moving to increase its renewable energy output due to the Renewable 3020 Policy. Renewable energy output can change depending on environmental factors. It is for this reason that institutions should consider the instability of renewables when linked to the electric system. This paper describes the methodology of renewable energy capacity calculation based on probabilistic transient stability assessment. Probabilistic transient stability assessment consists of four algorithms: first, to create probabilistic scenarios based on the effective capacity history of renewable energy; second, to evaluate probabilistic transient stability based on transient stability index, interpolation-based transient stability index estimation, reduction-based transient stability index calculation, etc.; third, to implement multiple scenarios to calculate renewable energy capacity using probabilistic evaluation index; and finally, to create a probabilistic transient stability assessment simulator based on Python. This paper calculated renewable energy capacity based on large-scale power system to validate consistency of the proposed paper.

Ensemble-Based Data Assimilation for Wind Forecasting – Application to Wind Farm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang-Ming Fan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Combining Data

&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study is to develop an ensemble-based data assimilation method to accurately predict wind speed in wind farm and provide it for the use of wind energy intelligent forecasting platform. As Taiwan government aimed to increase the share of renewable energy generation to 20% by 2025, among them, the uncertain wind energy output will cause electricity company has to reserve a considerable reserve capacity when dispatching power, and it is usually high cost natural gas power generation. In view of this, we will develop wind energy intelligent forecasting platform with an error of 10% within 72 hours and expect to save hundred millions of dollars of unnecessary natural gas generators investment. Once the wind energy can be predicted more accurately, the electricity company can fully utilize the robustness and economy of smart grid supply. Therefore, the mastery of the change of wind speed is one of the key factors that can reduce the minimum error of wind energy intelligent forecasting.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are many uncertainties in the numerical meteorological models, including errors in the initial conditions or defects in the model, which may affect the accuracy of the prediction. Since the deterministic prediction cannot fully grasp the uncertainty in the prediction process, so it is difficult to obtain all possible wind field changes. The development of ensemble-based data assimilation prediction is to make up for the weakness of deterministic prediction. With the prediction of 20 wind fields as ensemble members, it is expected to include the uncertainty of prediction, quantify the uncertainty, and integrate the wind speed observations of wind farms as well to provide the optimal prediction of wind speed for the next 72 hours. The results show that the prediction error of wind speed within 72 hours is 6% under different weather conditions (excluding typhoons), which proves that the accuracy of wind speed prediction by combining data assimilation technology and ensemble approach is better.&lt;/p&gt;

TROUBLES WITH A WIND FARM PROECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keenan Nakagawa ◽  
Amarjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
New Development ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Native Birds ◽  
The Impact

The Kahuku Wind Farm of Hawaii has been laden with controversy since its inception in 2011. Although it was one of the two wind farms on Oahu responsible for supplying a combined 14% of the island’s renewable energy in 2018, citizens have been outspoken in their criticism of the facility. Local residents have cited concerns regarding adverse health effects to the surrounding community, as well as deaths of native birds and endangered bats caused by the turbines. The impact on the Hawaiian hoary bat population has been a focal point of numerous complaints, as more bats are being killed than initially predicted. To the dismay of their opponents, eight additional turbines are being erected in Kahuku as part of the Na Pua Makani Wind Energy Project. And, as of November 2019, approximately 200 individuals have been arrested while protesting it. To add to the controversy, wind farm officials are currently facing legal hurdles, as challengers are skeptical on whether the project’s environmental review correctly estimates the number of birds and bats that will fall victim to this new development. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the issues associated with the Kahuku Wind Farm and Na Pua Makani Wind Energy Project, as well as the position and arguments of stakeholders and litigants.

Numerical Analysis of a Large-Scale Hydraulic Wind Farm With Integrated Hydraulic Energy Storage

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Buhagiar ◽  
Tonio Sant
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Pipeline Network

Offshore wind farms are presently facing numerous technical challenges that are affecting their viability. High failure rates of expensive nacelle-based electronics and gearboxes are particularly problematic. On-going research is investigating the possibility of shifting to a seawater-based hydraulic power transmission, whereby wind turbines pressurise seawater that is transmitted across a high-pressure pipeline network. A 9-turbine hydraulic wind farm with three different configurations is simulated in the present work and a previously developed method for open-loop pressure control of a single turbine has been adapted for this multiple-turbine scenario. A conceptual quasi-constant-pressure accumulator is also included in the model. This system is directly integrated within each hydraulic wind turbine and it allows the output power from the wind farm to be scheduled on an hourly basis. The shift in control methodology when integrating storage is illustrated in the present work. Simulation results indicate a strong relationship between hydraulic performance attributes and the specific wind turbine array layout. The beneficial effects of storage can also be observed, particularly in smoothing the output power and rendering it more useable. Finally, the energy yields from 24-hour simulations of the 9-turbine wind farms are calculated. Integrated storage leads to a slight increase in yield since it eliminates bursts of high flow, which induce higher frictional losses in the pipeline network.

scholarly journals System-Level Design Considerations for Carbon Nanotube Electromechanical Resonators

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christian Kauth ◽  
Marc Pastre ◽  
Jean-Michel Sallese ◽  
Maher Kayal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
System Level ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Mechanical Sensors

Despite an evermore complete plethora of complex domain-specific semiempirical models, no succinct recipe for large-scale carbon nanotube electromechanical systems design has been formulated. To combine the benefits of these highly sensitive miniaturized mechanical sensors with the vast functionalities available in electronics, we identify a reduced key parameter set of carbon nanotube properties, nanoelectromechanical system design, and operation that steers the sensor’s performance towards system applications, based on open- and closed-loop topologies. Suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes are reviewed in terms of their electromechanical properties with the objective of evaluating orders of magnitude of the electrical actuation and detection mechanisms. Open-loop time-averaging and 1ωor 2ωmixing methods are completed by a new 4ωactuation and detection technique. A discussion on their extension to closed-loop topologies and system applications concludes the analysis, covering signal-to-noise ratio, and the capability to spectrally isolate the motional information from parasitical feedthrough by contemporary electronic read-out techniques.

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