Environmental loadings of long term sulphur storage: processes and controls

doi:10.30955/gnj.002111

Environmental loadings of long term sulphur storage: processes and controls

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002111 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 300-305

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Industrial Sites ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Block Data ◽

Petroleum Refineries ◽

Block Temperature ◽

Cover Material ◽

Term Storage

Elemental sulphur (So) is produced at petroleum refineries as a byproduct and a decrease in So prices has forced tens of mega-tonnes of So to be stockpiled at industrial sites. However, long-term storage of So blocks poses a potential for contamination of surface water and groundwater because of the oxidation of So to H2SO4.Two key controls on the environmental loadings of So blocks are the availability of oxygen and temperature. Three large scale So pilot blocks were constructed to evaluate the effects of controlling factors on the oxidation of So blocks and to test the effectiveness of cover technologies. One pilot block was left exposed to the environment while two others were covered with cover material of various thicknesses to keep the underlying So blocks either insulated or saturated. So block temperature, availability of oxygen and drainage water chemistry data were measured over a period of three years. The analysis of So pilot block data indicates that the pilot blocks would serve as useful analogues to commercial scale blocks. Pilot blocks temperature and oxygen profiles with depth indicate that the selected cover material could not control the temperature and the ingress of oxygen within the So blocks below the oxidation reaction. As a result, environmental loadings would remain a concern for the above ground sulphur storage sites.

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Diapause induction and termination in Indian strains of Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2017.35 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 149 (5) ◽

pp. 607-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Enakshi Ghosh ◽

Chandish R. Ballal

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Biocontrol Agent ◽

Storage Temperature ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Diapause Induction ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Trichogramma Chilonis ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

AbstractThe role of temperature in diapause induction was studied as a mode of long-term storage of Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Three different strains of this widely used biocontrol agent (T. chilonis Nilgiris strain, T. chilonis Kodaikanal strain, and T. chilonis 15 °C strain) reared on the factitious host Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used for this experiment. Except T. chilonis laboratory strain, all the other strains could successfully undergo diapause at their pre-pupal stage. Maximum percentage of healthy pre-pupae were recorded in the three strains by providing a pre-storage temperature of 10 °C for 35 days with eight hours of photophase wherein 75–87% could enter into diapause. Further, at a maintenance temperature of 5 °C with 24 hours of scotophase, diapause could be maintained. Diapause could be terminated after six months of storage with 23–36% of adult emergence. However, there was significant reduction in longevity and parasitism rate of the emerged adults. Considering superior biological parameters, 95 days of storage (including pre-storage duration) could provide around 60% adult emergence. Successful long-term storage of T. chilonis strains through diapause induction can facilitate commercial insectaries in stockpiling this biocontrol agent for large-scale field releases. This is the first study on successful induction and termination of diapause in T. chilonis strains and evaluating their performance attributes.

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Synthesis of Caffeoyl-Prolyl-Histidyl-Xaa Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Activities and Stability upon Long-Term Storage

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22126301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 6301

Author(s):

Hyeri Jeong ◽

Young-Eun Jeon ◽

Jin-Kyoung Yang ◽

Jaehi Kim ◽

Woo-Jae Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Antioxidative Activity ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Critical Role ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Scale Production ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Term Storage

Antioxidants play a critical role in the treatment of degenerative diseases and delaying the aging of dermal tissue. Caffeic acid (CA) is a representative example of the antioxidants found in plants. However, CA is unsuitable for long-term storage because of its poor stability under ambient conditions. Caffeoyl-Pro-His-NH2 (CA-Pro-His-NH2, CA-PH) exhibits the highest antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activity among the histidine-containing CA-conjugated dipeptides reported to date. The addition of short peptides to CA, such as Pro-His, is assumed to synergistically enhance its antioxidative activity. In this study, several caffeoyl-prolyl-histidyl-Xaa-NH2 derivatives were synthesized and their antioxidative activities evaluated. CA-Pro-His-Asn-NH2 showed enhanced antioxidative activity and higher structural stability than CA-PH, even after long-term storage. CA-Pro-His-Asn-NH2 was stable for 3 months, its stability being evaluated by observing the changes in its NMR spectra. Moreover, the solid-phase synthetic strategy used to prepare these CA-Pro-His-Xaa-NH2 derivatives was optimized for large-scale production. We envision that CA-Pro-His-Xaa-NH2 derivatives can be used as potent dermal therapeutic agents and useful cosmetic ingredients.

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The effect of pre-analytical conditions on blood metabolomics in epidemiological studies

10.1101/513903 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diana L Santos Ferreira ◽

Hannah J Maple ◽

Matt Goodwin ◽

Judith S Brand ◽

Vikki Yip ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Large Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Edta Plasma ◽

Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽

The Impact ◽

Term Storage

AbstractBackgroundSerum and plasma are commonly used biofluids for large-scale metabolomic-epidemiology studies. Their metabolomic profile is susceptible to changes due to variability in pre-analytical conditions and the impact of this is unclear.MethodsParticipant-matched EDTA-plasma and serum samples were collected from 37 non-fasting volunteers and profiled using a targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics platform (N=151 traits). Metabolic concentrations were compared between reference (pre-storage: 4°C, 1.5h; post-storage: no sample preparation or NMR-analysis delays) and four, pre-storage, blood processing conditions, where samples were incubated at (i) 4°C, 24h; (ii) 4°C, 48h; (iii) 21°C, 24h; (iv) 21°C, 48h, before centrifugation; and two, post-storage, sample processing conditions in which samples (i) thawed overnight, then left for 24h before addition of sodium buffer followed by immediate NMR analysis; (ii) thawed overnight, addition of sodium buffer, then left for 24h before profiling. Linear regression models with random-intercepts were used to assess the impact of these six pre-analytical conditions on EDTA-plasma/serum metabolome.ResultsFatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycoprotein-acetyls and most lipid-related traits, in serum and plasma, were robust to the tested pre and post-storage conditions. Pre-storage conditions impacted concentrations of glycolysis metabolites, acetate, albumin and amino-acids by levels that could potentially bias research results (up to 1.4SD difference compared with reference). Post-storage conditions affected histidine, phenylalanine and LDL-particle-size, with differences up to 1.4SD.ConclusionsMost metabolic traits are robust to the pre- and post-storage conditions tested here and that may commonly occur in large-scale cohorts. However, concentrations of glycolysis metabolites, and amino-acids may be compromised.Key messagesIn large scale epidemiological studies, blood processing delays, incubation at high temperature prior to long term storage, and NMR profiling delays after long term storage, may occur.Concentrations of fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glycoprotein acetyls and most lipid-related traits are robust to variations in pre-storage temperature and duration of incubation (4°C or 21°C for up to 48h prior to centrifugation) and post-storage sample handling (24h delay in sample preparation or NMR profiling).Glycolytic metabolite concentrations are altered by pre-storage conditions and amino-acids, particularly histidine and phenylalanine, by both, pre and post-storage conditions.

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A Practical, Large-Scale Synthesis of p-(Difluoroiodo)toluene (p-TolIF2)

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1611526 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (16) ◽

pp. 3055-3059 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jason Tao ◽

Graham K. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

High Quality ◽

Elemental Fluorine ◽

Fluorinating Agent ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Quality Product ◽

Large Scale Synthesis ◽

Term Storage ◽

High Quality Product

p-(Difluoroiodo)toluene (p-TolIF2) is a versatile fluorinating agent that acts as both a surrogate for elemental fluorine, and as a source of ‘electrophilic’ fluorine. Described here is a detailed three-step synthesis of p-TolIF2, carried out on a 50 mmol scale, that consistently provides high-quality product that is suitable for long-term storage. The reactions employ inexpensive, readily available starting materials and reagents, and uses the commodity chemical 48% aqueous HF as the source of fluorine atoms.

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Documentation and Digital Preservation of Syrian Heritage

The Public Historian ◽

10.1525/tph.2018.40.4.107 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 107-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karin Pütt

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Large Scale ◽

Digital Archive ◽

Islamic Art ◽

Digital World ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

The Face ◽

Term Storage

Since 2013, the Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin and the German Archeological Institute (DAI) have hosted a digital archive documenting Syrian heritage and built environment. This project was developed in the face of a war that would destroy places of cultural heritage on a large scale. The archive consists of photos, plans, and documents and includes more than 200,000 items. For long-term storage and attainability they are integrated into the digital world of the DAI. In order to raise awareness and to present the data to a wider audience, selected photos and drawings are bundled into stories on a new website with text in English, Arabic, and German. The project exhibits Syrian cultural heritage in both its tangible and nontangible aspects.

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REPLENISHMENT OF AN APPLE TREE ASSORTMENT WITH DEEP WINTER VARIETIES

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2021/1/31-33 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 31-33

Author(s):

Е. N. Sedov ◽

T. V. Yanchuk ◽

S. А. Korneeva

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

The State ◽

State Testing ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

State Register ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Russian Research Institute ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

Term Storage

Large-scale and purposeful work on the development of new apple cultivars has been carried out at Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding since 1956. Over a long period of time, 55 apple cultivars of different fruit maturation periods were created and included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use (zoned). Apple cultivars with fruits capable of long-term storage in refrigerator are of particular interest. Cultivars fruits of which can store until mid-March or longer include zoned cultivars: Aleksandr Boiko, Den Pobedy, Kulikovskoe, Ministr Kisilev, Sinap Orlovsky, as well as Zhdanovskoe, which is passing state testing. The article provides a brief description of six cultivars and a more complete characteristic of new cultivar Zhdanovskoe. Triploid cultivar Sinap Orlovsky is included in the state register in four regions of Russia, Kulikovskoe – in three regions, Svezhest - in two regions while Aleksandr Boiko, Den Pobedy, Kulikovskoe and Ministr Kisilev are included in the state register only in the Central Chernozem region. Zhdanovskoe, which is passing state testing, is also of interest for industry. Its fruit are stored in the refrigerator till mid-March. Among the listed cultivars there are 5 triploid cultivars, including 2 triploid cultivars that are immune to scab. It is known that triploid cultivars are prone to more regular fruiting over the years and have larger and more marketable fruits, and the introduction of scab-immune cultivars into widespread production improves the environmental situation in the orchard and provides cleaner products. The primary task of breeding institutions and production is to give these cultivars a comprehensive assessment.

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Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control ◽

10.15388/na.2001.6.1.15210 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Baronas ◽

F. Ivanauskas ◽

I. Juodeikienė ◽

A. Kajalavičius

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Moisture Movement ◽

Finite Difference Technique ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Space Formulation ◽

Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

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