scholarly journals Cost analysis of seawater desalination using an integrated reverse osmosis system on a cruise ship

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

<div> <p>The best method to treat seawater is known to be the use of reverse osmosis (RO) systems. The cost factor becomes the most important issue when using RO systems. Although quite costly, RO systems are essential systems for ships. As known very well, water is a critical resource on ships, especially the ones serving quite a large number of passengers. In this study, therefore, RO system capability under different conditions together with cost analysis was examined on a relatively small cruise ship. The system used had a daily water treatment capacity of 30 m<sup>3</sup>. The RO system was composed of a sand filter, a cartridge filter, four pieces of membrane filter modules and a mineral filter. During the study, samples from the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, which have different physical and chemical properties, were examined from the quality point of view. A comprehensive cost analysis was also performed in order to determine the feasibility of the system for the production of potable water for a cruise ship.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Development of Technology for Processing Oil Sludge with Application of Super High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Tagiryanovna Harisova ◽  
Rail Idiatovich Saitov ◽  
Rinat Gazizyanovich Abdeev
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This article considers the problem of processing and disposing of oil sludge of various origins. Large oil companies are concerned about the problem of incomplete processing of oil sludge. The most hazardous from an environmental point of view include oil sludge formed at all stages of oil production, transportation and refining. In recent years, oil-producing enterprises have introduced various technological solutions aimed at waste management into production, but there is no single method for processing oil sludge for the purpose of neutralization and disposal. All known oil sludge processing technologies by processing methods can be divided into the following groups: thermal - burning in open barns, furnaces of various types, obtaining bitumen residues; physical - burial in special cemeteries, separation in a centrifugal field, vacuum filtration and filtration under pressure; physical and chemical - the use of specially selected reagents that change the physical and chemical properties, followed by processing on special equipment; and biological - microbiological decomposition in the soil directly in storage, biothermal decomposition. Each of them, while having certain advantages, also has its drawbacks. For over 50 years, microwave heating technology has been used in industry. To present the advantages of this method, one needs to turn to the theory of microwave heating. Keywords: oil sludge, oil waste, influence of electromagnetic fields, water-in-oil emulsions

scholarly journals Testing Engine Oil Specifications and Properties and its Effects on the Engines Maintenance and Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Motor Oils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper presents the results of practical mechanical tests of motor oils, their specifications and characteristics and the effect of their physical and chemical properties on the performance of the engine. The performance of the engine has a strong relation with the engine oil type and efficiency. The degree of stability of oils properties is very important because if oil or lubricants lose their properties, mechanical and chemical excessive corrosion of the motor metals may occur. Consequently, damage occurs to one or more parts of the engine, thereby the system is breaking down where the cost of downtime is too expensive. It has been found that a higher viscosity value is not the optimum as it increases temperature and energy consumption due to frictional losses. The values required for viscosity is the ideals that gives the stable results regardless temperature variations under any conditions of operation, at which the power losses are minimal and the fuel economy is optimal.

scholarly journals INTEGRAL UTILIZATION OF SERIGUELA FRUIT (Spondias purpurea L.) IN THE PRODUCTION OF COOKIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA GONDIM DE ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
ANDREZA MORAES DUARTE ◽  
MARIA LÚCIA DA CONCEIÇÃO ◽  
JAILANE DE SOUZA AQUINO
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Spondias Purpurea ◽  
Hedonic Scale ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT This study aimed to process, characterize and use seriguela fruit residue pulp and flour (Spondias purpurea L.) (SFR) in the processing of cookies, evaluating nutritional and microbiological quality and sensory acceptance. SFR was prepared and characterized as to its physical and chemical characteristics. Cookies made with SFR at concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 30% were submitted to analyses of chemical composition, acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, water activity, in addition to yield and costs. Microbiological analysis of cookies was performed previously to sensory analysis, which was performed by 100 potential consumers. SFR showed high levels of Vitamin C (57.99 mg / 100 g), fiber (12.82%), carbohydrate (71.77%) and energy density (313.21 Kcal/100 g). As SFR was added, there was an increase in the content of fibers, minerals and vitamin C. Cookies showed sensory scores between 6 and 7 of a 9-point hedonic scale; however, cookie containing 10% of seriguela fruit residue flour was the most accepted, with purchase intent and preference similar to control cookies, which were made with 100% wheat flour. The use of seriguela fruit residue in the production of cookies can be a viable option to increase the nutritional value and reduce the cost of ingredients used in the processing of food products, in addition to being important from the environmental point of view.

scholarly journals Applications of the COST Plasma Jet: More than a Reference Standard

Plasma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorbanev ◽  
Golda ◽  
Gathen ◽  
Bogaerts
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Plasma Jet ◽  
Plasma Jets ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Plasma Research ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The rapid advances in the field of cold plasma research led to the development of many plasma jets for various purposes. The COST plasma jet was created to set a comparison standard between different groups in Europe and the world. Its physical and chemical properties are well studied, and diagnostics procedures are developed and benchmarked using this jet. In recent years, it has been used for various research purposes. Here, we present a brief overview of the reported applications of the COST plasma jet. Additionally, we discuss the chemistry of the plasma-liquid systems with this plasma jet, and the properties that make it an indispensable system for plasma research.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Properties of the Slate Aggregate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Radanliev
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Of Transport ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The slate aggregate has long been perceived as a substandard, low quality waste material with its physical and chemical properties not being competitive with those of the primary aggregates. It is assumed that the slate aggregate particles are not strong, that is not durable and will not compact. This research aims to address those claims and review the available literature on the performance of the slate aggregate. The review inaugurates by analysing the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of slate, before expanding into a literature review of laboratory testing&rsquo;s on the effect of moisture content on density, compaction and layer thickness of slate aggregate.The paper reviews case studies of construction projects in North Wales, where the slate aggregate has been used for general fill and road building for many years. Some of the case studies include the A55 coastal road and duelling of the A5 in Anglesey (WRAP, 2004), where slate aggregate was successfully used as sub-base. The paper also investigates why many civil engineers are reluctant to use the slate aggregate and regard the material as sub-standard, flaky aggregate. The research paper reviews the potential usages and various products the slate aggregate is suitable for and satisfies the requested standards. The final topic reviewed is the cost of transporting slate aggregate compared with the cost of transport for primary aggregate and the introduction of the Primary Aggregates Tax (Parliament of the United Kingdom, 2011). The last topic includes a critical analyses of the claims that the slate aggregate a commercially viable construction material despite its remote location (Woodward et al, 2004). The transportation cost and the supply chain complexities must be evaluated prior to considering the long-term sustainability of the product (Radanliev et al1-6, 2014, 2015, 2016).

Improving Masonry and Protective Paints Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
A.V. Vyboishchik ◽  
I.L. Kostiunina
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Weather Resistance ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Atmospheric Phenomena

The environment, along with other reasons, is a key factor influencing the living conditions of urban population in Russia today. One of the main drawbacks restraining the process of aesthetic improvement of modern Russian cities is the unsatisfactory protection of buildings from the atmospheric phenomena. Industrial waste, however, is another reason preventing long-lasting decoration of urban buildings. The article presents an overview of the composition and physical properties of masonry paints used in Chelyabinsk Region. The traditional technology of obtaining coatings, e.g. liquid glass, is studied, the drawbacks of this technology are examined, the new applications are offered. The influence of additives on the basic properties of masonry paints, viz. weather resistance, viscosity, hardness, cost, is considered. The application of new technologies utilizing industrial waste can solve the above-stated problem, which also will, along with improving the basic physical and chemical properties, result in reducing the cost and increasing the hardness of masonry paints.

scholarly journals A Novel 3d-4f CoII-GdIII system with 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate and oxalate

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1721-C1721
Author(s):  
Andrés Vega ◽  
Carlos Cruz ◽  
Verónica Paredes-García ◽  
Evgenia Spodine ◽  
Diego Venegas-Yazigi
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Metal Centers ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The challenges of designing and synthesizing new materials, the complexity of their structures, and their potential physical properties have continued to attract a great deal of interest. The combination of organic and inorganic components into the same molecular backbone has captivated many researchers, and as a consequence of the multiple choices of the components and also of the used synthetic strategies, a wide variety of advanced materials has been obtained. In many cases, an increase in structural complexity gives rise to new properties, which cannot be foreseen on the basis of the single constituting moieties. Therefore, the assembly of different components, or molecular fragments, may give rise to new materials that exhibit interesting and useful physical and chemical properties in the condensed phase.1 From a structural and synthetic point of view, the literature shows that a wide variety of polymetallic systems ranging from 0D to 3D structures have been rationally designed and synthesized by the appropriate selection of the metal centers and organic building blocks, as well as of the reaction pathways.2 In this work, we will inform the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel 3d-4f bimetallic system: {[Co(H2O)2(ImDC)Gd(ox)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n. (ImDC: 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate; ox: oxalate). The structure displays CoII cations having an approximately octahedral environment completed by two N,O-ImDC ligands and two water molecules, while the GdIII cations displays nine coordination completed exclusively by oxygen atoms coming from a water molecule and oxalate and ImDC anions (Figure1, left). The structure defines a covalent tridimensional lattice where two water molecules by formula are trapped inside the cavities left by this arrangement (Figure1, right). Figure 1: Structural diagram for the basic bimetallic unit Co(H2O)2(ImDC)Gd(ox)2(H2O) (left) and the packing showing trapped water molecules {[Co(H2O)2(ImDC)Gd(ox)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n (right). Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge financial support from FONDECYT 1130643, Financiamiento Basal, FB0807. C.C. thanks CONICYT Fellowship.

scholarly journals SOME TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES AND WAYS OF THEIR OVERCOMING DURING VERTEBROPLASTY DEVELOPMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
D. S. Astapenkov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Metastatic Involvement ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Vertebroplasty was performed in 8 women in the age of from 43 till 80 years. The indication to intervention in one case was metastatic involvement, in four cases - osteoporotic vertebral fractures; to three patients vertebroplasty was performed in occasion of vertebral body gemangioma. The results of this study revealed, that for increase of safety the authors recommend to carry out the vertebroplasty under local anesthesia at presence of an anesthesiologist for possible additional intravenous anesthesia. The safest from the point of view of extravertebral distributions of cement is transpedicular access; flebospondylography does not allow predicting reliably distribution of cement in view of significant distinction of physical and chemical properties of entered substances however can be used for a tentative estimation of venous outflow at tumor process in vertebral bodies.

scholarly journals Cost Accounting and Analysis for the Creation of an Enterprise Website

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9876-9882
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Exclusive Property ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Company

The article discusses the theoretical and methodological bases of accounting and analysis of costs for creating an enterprise website and provides recommendations for accounting and analysis of costs for creating an enterprise website. The study of the essence of the website as a separate accounting object from a technical, legal and accounting point of view has determined that the costs of creating a company website are capitalized in the form of an intangible asset and are subject to depreciation only if they are used for their own needs and when there is a likelihood that it will create future economic benefits. That is, the cost of implementing an enterprise website is displayed according to how it is used. The article contains the rationale for the development, as well as the recommendations themselves: a) the cost of creating an enterprise site with the involvement of a contractor and the cost of developing a website independently using its own resources for information placement is offered; b) the Agreement on the transfer of exclusive property rights to the content of the site was developed; c) a comprehensive cost analysis algorithm is proposed for the enterprise web site, which will provide a well-reasoned and reasonable cost estimate.

scholarly journals Implementation of a remote laboratory for the identification of polymeric materials by means of physical properties analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2102 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
C O Vargas-Mantilla ◽  
W Palacios-Alvarado ◽  
B Medina-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Remote Laboratory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Due to the strategies implemented to carry out the development of a correct teaching by virtual means, a methodological strategy of experimental tests was developed for the identification of polymeric materials through the identification of physical and chemical properties, with the objective of providing the engineering student a greater approach to the application of the scientific method and the activation of the capacity of reasoning and deductive thinking from the physical and chemical point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to validate this strategy implemented with a group of engineering students, for this purpose, the strategy was implemented, and the results obtained by the students from the development of the experimentation were analyzed, the data were analyzed by means of nonparametric tests, in this case binomial test. Finally, it is concluded that the polymer identification test is feasible to be implemented as a remote laboratory, as a methodical strategy in teaching, since it allows the development of experimentation, in this case, the identification of polymeric materials, which present diverse physical properties.

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