Sustainability study of biodiesel from Acrocomia totai

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1056 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Greenhouse Emissions ◽  
Energy Ratios ◽  
Fossil Energy Ratio

<p>The aim of this work is to quantify the life-cycle emissions in terms of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent grams per megajoule of biodiesel produced from Acrocomia totai, a native oily seed from Paraguay, according to Directive 2009/28/EC. The other key point is to calculate the amount of energy invested to get a megajoule of biodiesel, by means of two different ratios: the EROI (Energy Return On Investment) and the FER (Fossil Energy Ratio).</p> <p>The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) performed considers the following steps: harvesting, transportation, oil extraction from the fruits, transportation of the vegetable oil, oil conversion to biodiesel, distribution and combustion of the biodiesel. In this case, two different scenarios have been considered: Scenario 1: full distribution in Paraguay; Scenario 2: exportation to European countries, such as Spain.</p> <div> <p>The first set of results is the emissions in each step of the LC (Life Cycle) as well as the total emissions. The second set of results is the energy ratios. The GHG emission saving is 86.69 % with respect to the LC greenhouse emissions from Diesel EN-590 (with a default emissions value of 83.8 g CO<sub>2e</sub> MJ<sub>diesel-1</sub>) for Scenario 1 and 74.24 % for Scenario 2.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Life Cycle Analysis on Fossil Energy Ratio of Algal Biodiesel: Effects of Nitrogen Deficiency and Oil Extraction Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Jian ◽  
Yang Jing ◽  
Zhang Peidong
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Deprivation ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Algal Oil ◽  
Algal Biodiesel ◽  
Fossil Energy Ratio

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely used to analyze various pathways of biofuel preparation from “cradle to grave.” Effects of nitrogen supply for algae cultivation and technology of algal oil extraction on life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel are assessed in this study. Life cycle fossil energy ratio ofChlorella vulgarisbased biodiesel is improved by growing algae under nitrogen-limited conditions, while the life cycle fossil energy ratio of biodiesel production fromPhaeodactylum tricornutumgrown with nitrogen deprivation decreases. Compared to extraction of oil from dried algae, extraction of lipid from wet algae with subcritical cosolvents achieves a 43.83% improvement in fossil energy ratio of algal biodiesel when oilcake drying is not considered. The outcome for sensitivity analysis indicates that the algal oil conversion rate and energy content of algae are found to have the greatest effects on the LCA results of algal biodiesel production, followed by utilization ratio of algal residue, energy demand for algae drying, capacity of water mixing, and productivity of algae.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions and Energy Return on Investment for 80% Domestic Renewable Electricity with Battery Storage in California (U.S.A.)

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Raugei ◽  
Alessio Peluso ◽  
Enrica Leccisi ◽  
Vasilis Fthenakis
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Domestic Electricity ◽  
Installed Capacity

This paper presents a detailed life-cycle assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions, cumulative demand for total and non-renewable primary energy, and energy return on investment (EROI) for the domestic electricity grid mix in the U.S. state of California, using hourly historical data for 2018, and future projections of increased solar photovoltaic (PV) installed capacity with lithium-ion battery energy storage, so as to achieve 80% net renewable electricity generation in 2030, while ensuring the hourly matching of the supply and demand profiles at all times. Specifically—in line with California’s plans that aim to increase the renewable energy share into the electric grid—in this study, PV installed capacity is assumed to reach 43.7 GW in 2030, resulting of 52% of the 2030 domestic electricity generation. In the modelled 2030 scenario, single-cycle gas turbines and nuclear plants are completely phased out, while combined-cycle gas turbine output is reduced by 30% compared to 2018. Results indicate that 25% of renewable electricity ends up being routed into storage, while 2.8% is curtailed. Results also show that such energy transition strategy would be effective at curbing California’s domestic electricity grid mix carbon emissions by 50%, and reducing demand for non-renewable primary energy by 66%, while also achieving a 10% increase in overall EROI (in terms of electricity output per unit of investment).

scholarly journals Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of biofuels in Ecuador

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. e04213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Chiriboga ◽  
Andrés De La Rosa ◽  
Camila Molina ◽  
Stefany Velarde ◽  
Ghem Carvajal C
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Life Cycle Analysis ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

PADDY RESIDUE AS FEEDSTOCK IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION: REDEMPTION OF LIFE CYCLE EMISSIONS AND COST ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Shafini M. Shafie ◽  
Zakirah Othman ◽  
N Hami
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Biomass Resources

Malaysia has an abundance of biomass resources that can be utilised for power generation. One of them is paddy residue. Paddy residue creates ahuge potential in the power generation sector. The consumption of paddy residue can help Malaysia become less dependent on conventional sources of energy, mitigate greenhouse gas(GHG) emission, offer positive feedback in the economic sector, and at the same time, provide thebest solution for waste management activities. The forecast datafor 20 years on electricity generation wasused to calculate the GHG emission and its saving when paddy residue is used for electricity generation. The government’scost saving was also identified when paddy residue substituted coal fuel in electricity generation.This paper can provide forecast information so that Malaysia is able to move forward to apply paddy residue as feedstock in energy supply. Hopefully, the data achieved can encourage stakeholder bodies in the implementation of paddy residue inelectricity generation since there is apositive impact towardscost and emission saving.

scholarly journals Edible Energy Production and Energy Return on Investment—Long-Term Analysis of Global Changes

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1011
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Bajan ◽  
Joanna Łukasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Poczta-Wajda ◽  
Walenty Poczta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Energy Return On Investment

The projected increase in the world’s population requires an increase in the production of edible energy that would meet the associated increased demand for food. However, food production is strongly dependent on the use of energy, mainly from fossil fuels, the extraction of which requires increasing input due to the depletion of the most easily accessible deposits. According to numerous estimations, the world’s energy production will be dependent on fossil fuels at least to 2050. Therefore, it is vital to increase the energy efficiency of production, including food production. One method to measure energy efficiency is the energy return on investment (EROI), which is the ratio of the amount of energy produced to the amount of energy consumed in the production process. The literature lacks comparable EROI calculations concerning global food production and the existing studies only include crop production. The aim of this study was to calculate the EROI of edible crop and animal production in the long term worldwide and to indicate the relationships resulting from its changes. The research takes into account edible crop and animal production in agriculture and the direct consumption of fossil fuels and electricity. The analysis showed that although the most underdeveloped regions have the highest EROI, the production of edible energy there is usually insufficient to meet the food needs of the population. On the other hand, the lowest EROI was observed in highly developed regions, where production ensures food self-sufficiency. However, the changes that have taken place in Europe since the 1990s indicate an opportunity to simultaneously reduce the direct use of energy in agriculture and increase the production of edible energy, thus improving the EROI.

scholarly journals Assessment of Indonesia’s Future Renewable energy Plan: A Meta-Analysis of Biofuel Energy Return on Investment (EROI)

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Wiraditma Prananta ◽  
Ida Kubiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Energy Return On Investment ◽  
Land Preparation

In early 2020, Indonesia implemented the biodiesel 30 (B30) program as an initiative to reduce Indonesia’s dependency on fossil fuels and to protect Indonesia’s palm oil market. However, palm oil has received international criticism due to its association with harmful environmental externalities. This paper analysed whether an investment in palm oil-based biofuel (POBB) provides Indonesia with the ability to achieve its environmental and financial goals. In this research, we performed a meta-analysis on biofuel energy return on investment (EROI) by examining 44 biofuel projects using ten types of biofuel feedstocks from 13 countries between 1995 and 2016. Results showed an average EROI of 3.92 and 3.22 for POBB and other biomass-based biofuels (OBBB), respectively. This shows that if only energy inputs and outputs are considered, biofuels provide a positive energy return. However, biofuels, including those from palm oil, produce externalities especially during land preparation and land restoration. We also compared these EROI biofuel results with other renewable energy sources and further analysed the implications for renewable energies to meet society’s energy demands in the future. Results showed that biofuel gives the lowest EROI compared to other renewable energy sources. Its EROI of 3.92, while positive, has been categorised as “not feasible for development”. If Indonesia plans to continue with its biofuel program, some major improvements will be necessary.

The butterfly squid Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Orsi Relini ◽  
Daniela Massi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
The Other ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Ligurian Sea ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Recent Immigration

The presence of Stoloteuthis leucoptera in the Mediterranean is recorded on the basis of three specimens, including an adult male, caught by IKMT and by commercial otter-trawl in the Ligurian Sea. The hypothesis of a recent immigration is discussed.The list of Mediterranean cephalopods (Mangold Wirz, 1963; Torchio, 1968; Bello, 1986; Mangold & Boletzsky, 1987) includes the Sepiolidae of the subfamily Heteroteuthinae, whose members are supposed to be pelagic throughout their life cycle. Mangold Wirz (1963) recognizes in the Mediterranean fauna the unique species Heteroteuthis dispar, the other authors include H. atlantis Voss, which Voss himself (1955) reported at Messina. To this group may now be added Stoloteuthis leucoptera (Verrill, 1878) a species until now recorded in limited Atlantic areas. Verrill (1881) wrote “This species is an exceedingly beautiful one, when living, owing to the elegance and brilliancy of its colours and the gracefulness of its movements. In swimming it moves its fins in a manner analogous to the motion of the wings of a butterfly.”

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