scholarly journals Hydraulic models for the simulation of flow routing in drainage canals

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equations ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Flow Routing ◽  
Lateral Inflow ◽  
Drainage Canals ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Junction Points ◽  
Complete Form

<p>In order to design a network of drainage canals, it is essential to consider the excess water from the agricultural land (overland flow) and to evaluate the characteristics of flow routing, such as the flow depths and discharges in the system of tertiary and main drainage canals of various order. In this paper models based on the Saint-Venant equations are presented, simulating the flow routing in a system of drainage canals. In these models, the lateral inflow towards tertiary drainage canals is the overland flow from adjacent fields. The Saint-Venant equations in their complete form (dynamic model) or in simplified forms, such as the diffusion wave equations (diffusion model) and the kinematic wave equations (kinematic model) are numerically solved by using the MacCormack explicit computational scheme which is a two-step predictor-corrector scheme, conditionally stable and convergent. In modeling flow through the system of drainage canals, emphasis was given to the simulation of flow at the junction points of two or more canals by applying the characteristic equations (negative and positive equations) in addition to the mass and energy conservation principles. Applications of the models for the simulation of flow within the system of drainage canals, subject to lateral inflow owing to overland flow, were also conducted in order to study the effect of various parameters of the drainage canals, on the hydrographs&rsquo; formation and also on the accuracy of the diffusion and kinematic equations in predicting flow in a drainage network.</p>

Simulating Runoff Using the Method of Characteristics with Unsteady Rainfall Events

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-M. Wu ◽  
S.-C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Step Function ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Index Model ◽  
The Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Inflow ◽  
Surface Profiles

AbstractThis investigation presents the solution of kinematic wave equations for overland flow, in which the lateral term is determined from unsteady rainfall and the infiltration φ index model [1], in which the rate of abstractions is constant, yielding an excess rainfall hyetograph with a total depth that equals the depth of direct runoff over the watershed. Lateral inflow is inferred by the unit step function to represent an unsteady rainfall event; the solution uses the method of characteristics. Part of the discharge hydrograph that satisfies the boundary condition is semi-analytically solved, by a reduced, simple procedure, which does not require the use of numerical method such as finite difference. The analysis presented herein this investigation deals with both rising and falling stages. Example calculations, water surface profiles, and discharge hydrographs are also presented.

Is Hydraulics Over-Used or Under-Used in Storm Drainage?

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ben Chie Yen
Keyword(s):  
Unsteady Flow ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Flow Routing ◽  
Kinematic Wave Equation ◽  
Storm Drainage ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Unsteady Flow Routing ◽  
Selection Of

Urban drainage models utilize hydraulics of different levels. Developing or selecting a model appropriate to a particular project is not an easy task. Not knowing the hydraulic principles and numerical techniques used in an existing model, users often misuse and abuse the model. Hydraulically, the use of the Saint-Venant equations is not always necessary. In many cases the kinematic wave equation is inadequate because of the backwater effect, whereas in designing sewers, often Manning's formula is adequate. The flow travel time provides a guide in selecting the computational time step At, which in turn, together with flow unsteadiness, helps in the selection of steady or unsteady flow routing. Often the noninertia model is the appropriate model for unsteady flow routing, whereas delivery curves are very useful for stepwise steady nonuniform flow routing and for determination of channel capacity.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns in Baseflow Mean Response Time across a Watershed in the Loess Plateau: Linkage with Land-Use Types

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu-dong Huang ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Pei-pei Han ◽  
Wen-chuan Wang ◽  
Qing-jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Unit Hydrograph ◽  
Mean Response Time ◽  
Impervious Area ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph

Abstract Understanding the relation between land-use types and baseflow mean response time (BMRT) is important to explore the response mechanism of baseflow processes in watersheds. BMRT was determined using an instantaneous unit hydrograph. The instantaneous unit hydrograph parameters were estimated by autocorrelation functions. The relative importance of land-use types in determining BMRT dynamics was assessed by hydrological model and partial least-squares regression. Our study suggests greater effects of urban area on BMRT than the effects of forest and agricultural land. This may be because the urban interception impervious area may impede baseflow generation over a short timescale. The effects of agricultural land are greater than those of forest in areas with steeper hillslopes, but lower than those of the forest in areas with more plains, reflecting the varied ability of forest and agricultural lands with different topography to hinder overland flow. Variations of BMRT are strongly linked to land use in the watershed. Overall, our study provides insight into the BMRT and dominant factors of land-use types in watersheds, planning of sustainable water resource use, and ecological protection in watersheds.

Coupled infiltration and surface tunoff on a 5 Ha experimental catchment, Krawarree, N.S.W

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Aston ◽  
FX Dunin
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Flow Routing ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Infiltration Model ◽  
Overland Flow Routing ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple two-stage infiltration model, originally developed for infiltration under constant intensity rainfall, was adapted to varying rainfall inputs and coupled with an overland flow routing procedure. The model was verified against selected rainfall events on a 5 ha experimental catchment with good agreement between simulated and measured catchment yields.

An efficient method for DEM-based overland flow routing

2013 ◽  
Vol 489 ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pin-Chun Huang ◽  
Kwan Tun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Flow Routing ◽  
Overland Flow Routing

scholarly journals Comparative Analyses between The Zero-Inertia and Fully Dynamic Models of the Shallow Waters Equations for Unsteady Overland Flow Propagation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Aricò ◽  
Carmelo Nasello
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Flow Routing ◽  
Inertial Terms

The shallow water equations are widely applied for the simulation of flow routing in rivers and floodplains, as well as for flood inundation mapping. From a mathematical point of view, they are a hyperbolic system of nonlinear partial differential equations, whose numerical integration is sometimes computationally burdensome. For this reason, the interest of many researchers has been focused on the study of simplified forms of the original set of equations, which requires less computational effort. One of the most commonly applied simplifications consists in neglecting the inertial terms, which changes the hyperbolic model to a parabolic one. The effects of such a choice on the outputs of the simulations of flooding events are controversial and an important topic of debate. In the present paper, two numerical models, recently proposed for the solution of the complete and zero-inertia forms of the shallow waters equations, are applied to several unsteady flow routing scenarios. We simulate synthetic and laboratory studies, starting from very simple geometries and moving towards complex topographies. Analyzing the role of the terms in the momentum equations, we try to understand the effect, on the computed results, of neglecting the inertial terms in the zero-inertia formulation. We analyze the computational costs.

scholarly journals Modeling Surface Runoff

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Koivusalo ◽  
Tuomo Karvonen
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Transfer Function Model ◽  
Function Model ◽  
Fixed Parameter ◽  
Saint Venant Equations ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Runoff Events

The objective of this study was to compare approaches to modeling surface runoff due to summer and autumn storms on a cultivated field. The data consisted of measurements performed every 15 minutes during rainfall-surface runoff events in 1993. A transfer function model was formulated using measured rainfall or rainfall excess as an input and surface runoff as an output. The physical models were based on the kinematic wave approximation of the Saint Venant equations. Surface runoff was assumed to flow first as an overland flow on a level field and second in rills. The results showed that the transfer function model using rainfall excess as an input, and the implicitly solved rill flow model performed the best with respect to the fitness coefficients, which denoted the efficiency of the model. The testing of the models using fixed parameter combinations indicated that an event based parameter estimation was not applicable in verifying the models to changing conditions.

scholarly journals AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF KINEMATIC WAVE EQUATIONS FOR OVERLAND FLOW UNDER GREEN-AMPT INFILTRATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Baiamonte ◽  
Carmelo Agnese
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Kinematic Wave ◽  
Transitional Regime ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Storage Model ◽  
Present Solution ◽  
Additional Resistance

This paper deals with the analytical solution of kinematic wave equations for overland flow occurring in an infiltrating hillslope. The infiltration process is described by the Green-Ampt model. The solution is derived only for the case of an intermediate flow regime between laminar and turbulent ones. A transitional regime can be considered a reliable flow condition when, to the laminar overland flow, is also associated the effect of the additional resistance due to raindrop impact. With reference to the simple case of an impervious hillslope, a comparison was carried out between the present solution and the non-linear storage model. Some applications of the present solution were performed to investigate the effect of main parameter variability on the hillslope response. Particularly, the effect of hillslope geometry and rainfall intensity on the time to equilibrium is shown.

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