scholarly journals Treatment of distillery spent wash by combined UF and RO processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash ◽  
Pollutant Level ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Health Organization

The present study deals with the treatment of distillery spent wash by an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membrane on a pilot scale membrane setup. The performance of the system was evaluated by varying applied pressure on the thin-film composite polyamide (TFC-PA) UF and RO membranes. In the first stage, UF experiments are carried out for concentration of effluents by removing the suspended solids (SS). RO has effectively separated the total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), sulphate and potassium with the rejection efficiency of 97.9%, 96.8%, 97.9%, 99.7% and 94.65%, respectively. UF was effective for the separation of SS with the rejection efficiency of 95.5%. The pollutant level in permeate are below the maximum contaminant level as per the guidelines of the World Health Organization and the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India specifications for effluent discharge (less than 1000 ppm of TDS and 500 ppm of COD).

scholarly journals Congener specific distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo-p-furans in ambient air particulates (less than PM10) in Delhi, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupander Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Ram Bharoshey Lal ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Chandra Shekhar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
National Level ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Stockholm Convention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Health Organization

Polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-<em>p</em>-furans (PCDFs) are unintentionally formed during inefficient combustions and as a by-product. Due to their resistance to degradation and their toxic effect on health, PCDD/Fs are listed by the Stockholm Convention as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Once released into the atmosphere, most of them are adsorbed to air particles and transported away from sources in atmosphere. India signed the Stockholm Convention India agreeing thereby to reduce and eliminate the use of POPs. The German agency for Technical Cooperation helped develop facilities for monitoring POPs at a national level in Delhi. This paper presents the data generated during a training assignment for Central Pollution Control Board officials at the German laboratory. Air borne particulate matter (&lt;PM<sub>10</sub>) was collected from 6 different locations in Delhi, India and analyzed in a German laboratory for 17 congeners of PCDD/Fs. The concentrations of &Sigma;PCDD/Fs ranged between 1720-9010 fg m<sup>-3</sup> (mean 5559 fg m<sup>-3</sup>) and their toxic equivalency values ranged from 67 to 460 fg I-toxic equivalent quantities (TEQ) m<sup>-3</sup>, with an average of 239 fg I-TEQ m<sup>-3</sup> which was lower than the ambient air standards. The dominant congeners were octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD), octachlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (OCDF), 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo- p-furans, and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin. The contributions of individual homologs for &Sigma;PCDDs/Fs I-TEQ was in the order of OCDD (31%)&gt;HCDF (21%)&gt;hexachlorodibenzofurans (13%)=OCDF (13%)&gt; HCDF (12%) and other individual congeners contribute less than 5%. High chlorinated congeners contributed with more than 80% for &Sigma;PCDD/Fs I-TEQ. Rough estimates of tolerable daily intake (TDI) shows low health risk of exposure to &Sigma;PCDD/Fs with inhalation of 0.098 pg I-TEQ kg<sup>1</sup>day<sup>1</sup> for adult and 0.152 pg TEQ kg<sup>-1</sup>day<sup>-1</sup> for children, which is much lower than World Health Organization recommended TDI for dioxins.

scholarly journals Biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 25-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Abioye ◽  
O. A. Oyewole ◽  
S. B. Oyeleke ◽  
M. O. Adeyemi ◽  
A. A. Orukotan
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Indigenous Microorganisms ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
Central Pollution Control Board ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Environmental

This study investigated the biosorption of lead, chromium and cadmium in tannery effluent using indigenous microorganisms. Bacteria isolated from the tannery effluent were Bacillus subtilis and B. megaterium while fungi isolated were Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. The microorganisms were tested for their ability to reduce the concentration of the heavy metals in the tannery effluent using conventional methods. B. megaterium recorded the highest lead reduction (2.13 to 0.03 mg/L), followed by B. subtilis (2.13-0.04 mg/L). A. niger recorded the highest ability to reduce the concentration of chromium (1.38-0.08 mg/L) followed by Penicillium sp. (1.38 0.13 mg/L) while B. subtilis exhibited the highest ability to reduce the concentration of cadmium (0.4-0.03 mg/L) followed by B. megaterium (0.04-0.06 mg/L) after 20 days. When these values were compared to standard limits of Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), World Health Organization (WHO), National Environmental Standard and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the isolates recorded an acceptable reduction in the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium in sterile and unsterile tannery effluent. The results of this showed that the isolates reduced the concentration of lead, chromium and cadmium present in the sterile and raw tannery effluent and suggest that the organisms can be used as a possible treatment of tannery effluents.

scholarly journals Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland for Greywater Treatment and Reuse: An Experimental Case

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Collivignarelli ◽  
Marco Carnevale Miino ◽  
Franco Hernan Gomez ◽  
Vincenzo Torretta ◽  
Elena Cristina Rada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Health Organization

In the coming years, water stress is destined to worsen considering that the consumption of water is expected to increase significantly, and climate change is expected to become more evident. Greywater (GW) has been studied as an alternative water source in arid and semiarid zones. Although there is no single optimal solution in order to treat GW, constructed wetlands proved to be effective. In this paper, the results of the treatment of a real GW by a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW) for more than four months are shown. In the preliminary laboratory-scale plant, Phragmites australis, Carex oshimensis and Cyperus papyrus were tested separately and showed very similar results. In the second phase, pilot-scale tests were conducted to confirm the performance at a larger scale and evaluate the influence of hydraulic retention time, obtaining very high removal yields on turbidity (>92%), total suspended solids (TSS) (>85%), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (>89%), and five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (>88%). Based on the results of the pilot-scale HFCW, a comparison with international recommendations by World Health Organization and European Union is discussed.

Some Physicochemical Parameters of Wastewater from an Oil Industry at Point of Discharge in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
O. A. F Wokoma ◽  
◽  
O. S Edori ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Water Association ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rivers State

Wastewater samples were collected from an oil industry at the point of discharge for a period of two years, from January 2018 – December 2019. The wastewater samples were analyzed for different physicochemical parameters such as temperature, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), conductivity, pH, alkalinity, salinity, total hydrocarbon content (THC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to examine their conformity to fulfill requirements as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), Federal Ministry of Environment (FME) and Drinking Water Association (DWA). The results indicated that all the parameters in the discharged wastewater were within acceptable limits of the regulatory bodies. The field data showed that the investigated firm conformed to the law by carrying out proper procedures before discharging the effluents into the public drain and river. Therefore, the release of wastewater from the industry doesn't constitute a danger to the environment as well as aquatic organisms. Keywords: Physicochemical parameter, wastewater discharge, oil industry, environment, contaminants

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Surface and Ground Water in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Author(s):  
O.B. Ovonramwen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Need For Treatment ◽  
Environmental Status ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Physicochemical analyses of surface and groundwater samples from eleven different locations in Ugbomro and Iteregbi, Delta State, Nigeria were sampled and analyzed for physicochemical parameters according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The following  mean and standard deviation were obtained from the groundwater of the communities: temp (oC) 22.46 ± 0.50 and 23.23 ± 0.99, pH 6.63 ± 0.68 and6.69 ± 0.24, dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L) 5.91 ± 0.46 and 5.73 ± 0.46, chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg/L) 4.24 ± 0.01 and 4.43 ± 0.10, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (mg/L) 3.51 ± 0.38 and 3.84 ± 0.21, Turbidity (NTU) 1.22 ± 1.07 and 3.56 ± 0.77, electrical conductivity (EC) (μs/cm) 748.9 ± 215.79 and 786.67 ± 226.77, color (TCU) 1.22 ± 2.12 and 6.11 ± 2.11, total alkalinity (TA) (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, HCO3- (mg/L) 6.22 ± 7.38 and 14.11 ± 11.19, NO3 - (mg/L) 1.13 ± 0.62 and 2.89 ± 1.25, total solids (TS) (mg/L) 489.09 ± 180.17 and 664.95 ± 373.37, total suspended solids (TSS) (mg/L) 32.25 ± 24.29 and 123.86 ± 82.79, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L) 456.78 ± 163.73 and 542.20 ± 450.66, Cl- (mg/L) 21.20 ± 3.20 and 20.10 ± 3.89, total hardness (TH) (mg/L) 26.67 ± 22.83 and 46.78 ± 36.17, Na (mg/L) 1.26 ± 0.06 and 1.16 ± 0.04, K (mg/L) 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.06 ± 0.03, Mg (mg/L) 4.32 ± 3.23 and 6.96 ± 5.49, Ca (mg/L) 8.68 ± 9.35 and 18.12 ± 13.71 respectively. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis and compared with the standard set by the Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for water samples. Some of the parameters did not meet the standards, hence the need for treatment. The present physio-chemical analyses of surface and groundwater quality of the two neighboring university areas, Ugbomro and Iteregbi, were done to assess the environmental status of  the environment before socio-economic impacts. Keywords: physicochemical, surface water, groundwater, water quality

scholarly journals Microbiological and Physicochemical Characterization of Hospital Effluents before and after Treatment with Two Types of Sawdust

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabea Elmountassir ◽  
Bahia Bennani ◽  
Youssef Miyah ◽  
Ahlam Fegousse ◽  
Ghita El Mouhri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hospital Effluents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Filter Bed ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

Physicochemical and microbiological analyses of liquid hospital effluents have demonstrated that they are loaded with organic and inorganic pollutants then discharged into the sewerage networks without treatment. The aim of this study is to suggest an effective solution for their treatment. Column filtration is an adequate method to reduce the pollutant load which makes it possible to have a rate of abatement of 97% and 79% by filtering the pollutant material using sawdust of catia and red sawdust, respectively, with a filter bed height equal to 13 cm. Physicochemical parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nitrate, ammonia, phosphorus, electrical conductivity and the bacteriological parameters like fecal coliforms, Streptococci, and Staphylococci have been measured. The analysis of heavy metals displays compliance with the World Health Organization standards. The red sawdust and catia sawdust have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Performance of three pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands for total coliforms and Escherichia coli removal from primary effluent – a 2-year study in a subtropical climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentina Zurita ◽  
Alejandra Carreón-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
World Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Health Organization

Three pilot-scale two-stage hybrid constructed wetlands were evaluated in order to compare their efficiency for total coliforms (TCol) and Escherichia coli removal and to analyze their performances in two 1-year periods of experimentation. System I consisted of a horizontal flow (HF) constructed wetland (CW) followed by a stabilization pond. System II was also configured with a HF CW as a first stage which was then followed by a vertical flow (VF) CW as a second stage. System III was configured with a VF CW followed by a HF CW. In the first year of evaluation, the HF–VF system was the most effective for TCol removal (p &lt; 0.05) and achieved a reduction of 2.2 log units. With regard to E. coli removal, the HF–VF and VF–HF systems were the most effective (p &lt; 0.05) with average reductions of 3.2 and 3.8 log units, respectively. In the second year, the most effective were those with a VF component for both TCol and E. coli which underwent average reductions of 2.34–2.44 and 3.44–3.74 log units, respectively. The reduction achieved in E. coli densities, in both years, satisfy the World Health Organization guidelines that require a 3–4 log unit pathogen reduction in wastewater treatment systems.

scholarly journals IMPACTS OF DUMPSITE ON SOIL AND GROUNDWATER QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF ERINFUN COMMUNITY, ADO EKITI, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-116
Author(s):  
F., F. Akinola ◽  
M., O. Lasisi ◽  
B., S. Awe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Groundwater pollution has increased as a result of poor waste disposal practices in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in order to investigate the impact of dumpsites on groundwater and soil quality in Erinfun community. Four (4) water samples were collected hand dug well and four (4) soil samples designated Ss1 to Ss4 were collected at distances of 10, 20, 30 and 40 m, respectively, away from the waste dumpsite. Physicochemical parameters and traces such as odour, colour, taste and temperature, as well as Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolve Oxygen, Total Dissolve Solid, pH, and chloride were measured in collected water samples. Collected soil samples were also analyzed for heavy metals such as Magnesium, Zinc, Iron, Chromium, and Lead. All the physical parameters of the water samples analysed were found not to be within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality standards. The chemical constituents tested were within the acceptable limit of World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard of Drinking Water Quality except for the Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Dissolve Oxygen of water samples 1 and 2, respectively. The concentration of trace metals in water sample test were within health limit except for Magnesium and Iron which has the highest concentrations in water sample 1 at 10 m away from dumpsite (61.00 mg/l and 0.46 mg/l). Consequently, open dumpsites are discouraged, and constructed standard landfills with appropriate monitoring guidelines are recommended.

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