scholarly journals Tracing dispersed coaly-derived particles in modern sediments: an environmental application of organic petrography

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Environmental Application ◽  
Organic Particles ◽  
Heavy Liquids

A crucial aspect in environmental sciences is related to the transportation, accumulation and fate of solid organic particles not native to the sediments. In this study we present the petrographical features of seven sediment samples obtained from aquatic environments in Sweden, Finland and The Netherlands. Most of the samples represent the uppermost layers, which accumulated during the recent past. Their total organic carbon content ranges between 1.5 and 20%. Density separations using heavy liquids were applied, in order to concentrate the organic matter and thus to facilitate the petrographical determinations. The microscopic approach revealed significant variations in the origin and hence, the type of the contained organic matter. Apart from modern plant debris and the algae indicating water-logged conditions, several particles of naturally and artificially derived solid-organic material were identified. The latter constitute organic contaminants, and include unburnt residues of highrank coals and chars. The petrographic data show a significant comparability with the ‘black carbon’ data determined by chemo-thermal oxidation at 375°C, demonstrating the applicability of the microscopic analysis in environmental studies.

Influence of management on the composition of organic matter in a red-brown earth as shown by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Oades ◽  
AG Waters ◽  
AM Vassallo ◽  
MA Wilson ◽  
GP Jones
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mixed Grass

Samples were obtained from the same red-brown earth: (a) in an undisturbed state, (b) after 60 years of an exploitive wheat-fallow rotation and (c) after 40 years under a fertilized mixed grass-legume pasture. Organic materials were concentrated in various fractions which enabled comparative chemical composition of the organic materials in the three soils by 13C CPMAS n.m.r. spectroscopy. Despite more than twofold differences in the organic carbon content of the soils, the chemistry of the organic matter in the soils was similar, particularly organic matter associated with clay fractions. Most of the differences detected were associated with plant debris in particles > 20 �m which contained most of the aromatic carbon. The results indicate a rapid disappearance of phenolic-carbon which originates in lignins. The composition of sodium hydroxide extracts reflects quite well the composition of the organic matter in the soil. It is concluded that in a particular soil type, changes in amounts and nature of added photosynthate do not change the composition of the organic matter which is controlled by the microbial biomass and interactions of the biomass and its decomposition products with the soil matrix. Implications of this conclusion for the turnover of organic carbon in soil and stability of soil structure are discussed.

Characterization and biogeochemical implications of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
pp. 113041
Author(s):  
Hengfeng Zhang ◽  
Yucong Zheng ◽  
Xiaochang C. Wang ◽  
Yongkun Wang ◽  
Mawuli Dzakpasu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Environments

scholarly journals Impact of soil use on aggregate stability and its relationship with soil organic carbon at two different altitudes in the Colombian Andes

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-273
Author(s):  
Efraín Francisco Visconti-Moreno ◽  
Ibonne Geaneth Valenzuela-Balcázar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Mineral Particle ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Rice Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Pool ◽  
Different Altitudes

The stability of soil aggregates depends on the organic matter, and the soil use and management can affect the soil organicmatter (SOM) content. Therefore, it is necessary to know therelationship between aggregate stability and the content of SOMin different types of soil use at two different altitudes of theColombian Andes. This study examined the conditions of soilaggregate stability expressed as a distribution of the size classes of stable aggregates (SA) and of the mean weighted diameter of the stable aggregates (MWD). To correlate these characteristics with the soil organic carbon (OC), we measured the particulate organic matter pool (POC), the OC associated with the mineral organic matter pool (HOC), the total organic carbon content (TOC), and the humification rate (HR). Soils were sampled at two altitudes: 1) Humic Dystrudepts in a cold tropical climate (CC) with three plots: tropical mountain rainforest, pastures, and crops; 2) Fluvaquentic Dystrudepts in a warm tropical climate (WC) with three plots: tropical rainforest, an association of oil palm and pastures, and irrigated rice. Soils were sampled at three depths: 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The physical properties, mineral particle size distribution, and bulk density were measured. The content of SA with size>2.36 mm was higher in the CC soil (51.48%) than in the WC soil (9.23%). The SA with size 1.18-2.36 mm was also higher in the CC soil (7.78%) than in the WC soil (0.62%). The SA with size 0.60-1.18 mm resulted indifferent. The SA with size between 0.30 and 0.60 mm were higher in the WC soil (13.95%) than in the CC soil (4.67%). The SA<0.30 mm was higher in the WC soil (72.56%) than in the CC soil (32.15%). It was observed that MWD and the SA>2.36 mm increased linearly with a higher POC, but decreased linearly with a higher HR. For the SA<0.30 mm, a linear decrease was observed at a higher POC, while it increased at a higher HR.

scholarly journals Solidification of High Organic Matter Content Sludge by Cement, Lime and Metakaolin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Rui ◽  
Wang Hongxing ◽  
Tan Yunzhi ◽  
Wang Lehua
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Lime Content ◽  
Sheet Structure

Based on orthogonal experimental design, the key solidification controlling technology of Solidified/Stabilized (S/S) sludge with high total organic content (TOC) by cement, lime and metakaolin was explored by macroscopic tests, chemical components measurements and microscopic analysis. The macroscopic tests show that, the permeability coefficient is mainly affected by initial water content and lime content, and the unconfined compression strength is mainly affected by cement content and lime content. The chemical components measurements show that, the solidification effect of S/S sludge with high TOC is controlled by organic matter consumption, and organic matter consumption is determined by the alkaline environment from the cement and lime hydration reactions, which is mainly affect by the initial water content and lime-metakaolin content ratio. The microscopic analysis results show that, lime consumes parts of organic matter while excess lime produces weak Ca(OH)2 crystal fluffy sheet structure, matakaolin produces pozzolanic reactions with cement and lime instead of soil particles, and consumes the weak Ca(OH)2 crystal fluffy sheet structure produced by superfluous lime. The research has confirmed key controlling points of S/S sludge in case of high TOC, which will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for S/S sludge promotion with high TOC.

Organic contaminants in submersed macrophytes drifting in the Detroit River

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 2417-2427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lovett-Doust ◽  
L Lovett-Doust ◽  
M Biernacki ◽  
T K Mal ◽  
R Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Plant Debris ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Submersed Macrophytes ◽  
Detroit River ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Time Of Year

Macrophytes drifting in the Detroit River were sampled and analysed for contaminants at monthly intervals from September 1990 to September 1991. Twelve species of submersed macrophytes were identified, as well as algae and leaves of terrestrial plants. Drifting plant debris was greatest in August-September, when Potamogeton spp. and Najas sp. predominated. Over the study period, a total of 60.57 times 106 kg fresh mass (3.0285 times 106 kg ash-free dry mass) of plant debris drifted out of Lake St. Clair into the Detroit River annually. Organochlorine content differed between plant taxa and according to the time of year. Annual contaminant burden of the Detroit River by upriver contributions was carried mostly by Potamogeton spp. and Najas sp. Total annual load of organochlorines in drifting plant debris was estimated to be 155 g, including 124 g of PCBs. These bioavailable contaminants may enter the detrital compartment of aquatic food webs, following plant senescence, or may be taken up directly by herbivores. Contaminants associated with plant debris drifting from Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River contribute a significant burden of bioavailable organic contaminants to the western basin of Lake Erie.

scholarly journals Short-Term Decomposition and Nutrient-Supplying Ability of Sewage Sludge Digestate, Digestate Compost, and Vermicompost on Acidic Sandy and Calcareous Loamy Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Nikolett Uzinger ◽  
Orsolya Szécsy ◽  
Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi ◽  
István Padra ◽  
Dániel Benjámin Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Average Residual

Organic waste and the compost and vermicompost derived from it may have different agronomic values, but little work is available on this aspect of sewage sludge. A 75-day pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the test plant aimed to investigate the fertiliser value and organic matter replenishment capacity of digested sewage sludge (DS) and the compost (COM) and vermicompost (VC) made from it, applied in 1% and 3% doses on acidic sand and calcareous loam. The NPK content and availability, changes in organic carbon content and plant biomass, and the efficiency of the amendments as nitrogen fertilisers were investigated. The final average residual carbon content for DS, COM, and VC was 35 ± 34, 85 ± 46, and 55 ± 46%, respectively. The organic carbon mineralisation rate depended on the soil type. The additives induced significant N mineralisation in both soils: the average increment in mineral N content was 1.7 times the total added N on acidic sand and 4.2 times it on calcareous loam for the 1% dose. The agronomic efficiency of COM and VC as fertilisers was lower than that of DS. In the short term, DS proved to be the best fertiliser, while COM was the best for organic matter replenishment.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage System and Organic Matter Management Interactions on Soil Chemical Properties and Biological Activity in a Spring Wheat Short-Time Cultivation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7451
Author(s):  
Barbara Breza-Boruta ◽  
Karol Kotwica ◽  
Justyna Bauza-Kaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Short Time

Properly selected tillage methods and management of the available organic matter resources are considered important measures to enable farming in accordance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. Depending on the depth and intensity of cultivation, tillage practices affect soil chemical composition, structure and biological activity. The three-year experiment was performed on the soil under spring wheat (cv. Tybalt) short-time cultivation. The influence of different tillage systems and stubble management on the soil’s chemical and biological parameters was analyzed. Organic carbon content (OC); content of biologically available phosphorus (Pa), potassium (Ka), and magnesium (Mg); content of total nitrogen (TN), mineral nitrogen forms: N-NO3 and N-NH4 were determined in various soil samples. Moreover, the total number of microorganisms (TNM), bacteria (B), actinobacteria (A), fungi (F); soil respiratory activity (SR); and pH in 1 M KCl (pH) were also investigated. The results show that organic matter amendment is of greater influence on soil characteristics than the tillage system applied. Manure application, as well as leaving the straw in the field, resulted in higher amounts of organic carbon and biologically available potassium. A significant increase in the number of soil microorganisms was also observed in soil samples from the experimental plots including this procedure.

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