Hygroscopic property of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.): an experimental determination of the Shrinkage characteristics

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pioneer Effort ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Made In

A pioneer effort is made in this study to carry out an experimental determination of shrinkage characteristics of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) wood on its linear, volumetric, and coefficient values with the hope of ascertaining its utilization potential as timber. Three study locations were randomly selected from defined vegetation zones of north eastern Nigeria for the study. These are Maiduguri (Sahel savanna) Yola (Sudan savanna), and Bauchi (Guinea savanna). Forty five (45) tree samples of neem trees were randomly selected and felled, from which 135 wood specimens were extracted and prepared using Romanian Standard for the research. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the obtained data. Results showed that the tree species has an average tangential linear shrinkage of 12.74%, radial linear shrinkage of 6.26%, longitudinal linear shrinkage of 1.15%, and volumetric shrinkage of 19.12%. The coefficients of tangential, radial, and longitudinal shrinkage were 0.00674, 0.00339, and 0.00061 respectively. The analysis of variance revealed insignificant differences of shrinkage between the three vegetation zones, the sampled trees, as well as between the tree trunk sections. Since the shrinkage value of neem wood compares favorably with some local wood species used for timber, neem wood could be considered suitable for timber production.

V. Experimental determination of the velocity of white and of coloured light

1882 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 231-289 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
Accurate Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Propagation Of Light ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Made In

It is remarkable that, although the importance of an accurate knowledge of the velocity of light has been very generally appreciated, no attempt has hitherto been made in this country to measure that velocity by experiment. Our own experiments date from many years back, but we have been prevented by various interruptions to our work from giving a result which could lay claim to the greatest accuracy. In 1878 we made at Pitlochry, in Perthshire, between 600 and 700 observations, but the toothed wheel which was made for us not having the number of teeth in it which we had ordered, we were not able to eliminate perfectly certain unknown quantities occurring in the formulæ, and we felt that it would be better to wait until we could give a result in which we had perfect confidence. At the same time we resolved so to alter our apparatus that we should not have to depend upon the mean of a very large number of experiments to give us a good result, but that each observation should give us an accurate measurement, free from all doubt. This has now been accomplished by the experiments conducted in 1880-81 between Kelly House, Wemyss Bay, and the hills behind Innellan, across the mouth of the River Clyde. The chief importance of a determination of the velocity of light is that it gives us the means, considered by many to be the best means, of determining the solar parallax, by combining the result with the constant of aberration determined by astronomers. The investigation has also acquired a further interest from the speculations of the late Professor Clerk Maxwell, according to which the propagation of light is an electro-magnetic phenomenon, and its velocity should be the same as that of the propagation of an electro-magnetic displacement.

scholarly journals ABSORPTION OF NEEM (Azadirachta indica) SEED OIL BY SPLIT-BAMBOO (Bambusa vulgaris) AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE REGIMES AND TREATMENT DURATIONS

FLORESTA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Agbontalor Erakhrumen
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Bambusa Vulgaris ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature ◽  
Made In

This study was carried out to evaluate absorption of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) seed oil by split-bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) samples at two different treatment temperature (TT) regimes and durations of treatment (DOT). A multivariate linear regression model was also developed for predicting oil absorption (OA) from TT and DOT. Split-bamboo specimens from the same source with same dimension were oven-dried at 103 ± 2 oC, conditioned to 11.76% mean moisture content, and treated by completely soaking a set in oil at an ambient room temperature of 25 ± 2 oC for 24 hours (A) and by soaking the other in hot oil at 60 oC for 4 hours (B). Results obtained showed that test specimens for A and B had mean OA values of 57.02 ± 3.23 and 124.30 ± 7.26 kgm-3 respectively. Regression model developed for predicting OA from TT and DOT had a coefficient of determination of 0.93 with a significant ANOVA result (p < 0.05). Implications of the results obtained were discussed while conclusions and recommendations were made in line with the outcome of the study.Keywords:  Lignocellulosic materials; vegetable oil; preservative properties; test variables; non-pressure treatment. ResumoAbsorção de óleo de sementes de nim (Azadirachta indica) por bambu fracionado (Bambusa vulgaris) em diferentes temperaturas e durações de tratamento. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a absorção de óleo de sementes de nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) por bambu fracionado (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Ex JC Wendl.) com amostras em duas temperaturas (TT) e diferentes durações do tratamento (DOT). Um modelo de regressão linear múltipla foi também desenvolvido para predizer a absorção de óleo (OA) de TT e DOT. Espécimes de bambu picado provenientes da mesma fonte com mesma dimensão foram secas em estufa a 103 ± 2 ºC, condicionados a 11,76% de teor médio de umidade e tratados por imersão em óleo a uma temperatura ambiente de 25 ± 2 ºC por 24 horas (A), embebendo-se o outro em óleo quente a 60 ºC durante 4 horas (B). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que as amostras de teste para A e B tinham valores médios de 57,02 OA ± 3,23 e 124,30 ± 7,26 kg.m-3, respectivamente. O modelo de regressão desenvolvido para predizer a OA de TT e DOT teve um coeficiente de determinação de 0,93, com um resultado da ANOVA significativo (p <0,05). Implicações dos resultados obtidos foram discutidos enquanto conclusões e recomendações foram feitas de acordo com o resultado do estudo.Palavras-chave:     Materiais lignocelulósicos; óleo vegetal; propriedades conservantes; variáveis de teste.

The quantitative comparison of experimental and simulated diffraction contrast images

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Stuart McKernan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Image Simulation ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Diffraction Contrast ◽  
Simulated Images ◽  
Made In

For many years the concept of quantitative diffraction contrast experiments might have consisted of the determination of dislocation Burgers vectors using a g.b = 0 criterion from several different 2-beam images. Since the advent of the personal computer revolution, the available computing power for performing image-processing and image-simulation calculations is enormous and ubiquitous. Several programs now exist to perform simulations of diffraction contrast images using various approximations. The most common approximations are the use of only 2-beams or a single systematic row to calculate the image contrast, or calculating the image using a column approximation. The increasing amount of literature showing comparisons of experimental and simulated images shows that it is possible to obtain very close agreement between the two images; although the choice of parameters used, and the assumptions made, in performing the calculation must be properly dealt with. The simulation of the images of defects in materials has, in many cases, therefore become a tractable problem.

Experimental determination of a state equation for dissipative granular gases

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Falcon ◽  
S. Fauve ◽  
C. Laroche
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
State Equation ◽  
Granular Gases

Science of Ahangyol and Its Importance for Modern Scientific Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Ahmad Gashamoglu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Thought ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Made In

The Article briefly discusses the need for generation of the Science of Ahangyol, and this science’s scientific basis, object and subject, category system, scientific research methods and application options. Ahangyol is a universal science and may be useful in any sphere. It may assist in problem solving in peacemaking process and in many areas such as ecology, economics, politics, culture, management and etc. This science stipulates that any activity and any decision made in the life may only and solely be successful when they comply with harmony principles more, which are the principles of existence and activity of the world. A right strategic approach of the Eastern Philosophy and the Middle Age Islamic Philosophy and scientific thought has an important potential. This strategic approach creates opportunities to also consider irrational factors in addition to rational ones comprehensively in scientific researches. The modern scientific thought contributes to implementation of these opportunities. Ahangyol is a science of determination of ways to achieve harmony in any sphere and of creation of special methods to make progress in these ways through assistance of the modern science. Methods of the System Theory, Mathematics, IT, Astronomy, Physics, Biology, Sociology, Statistics and etc. are more extensively applied. Information is given on some of these methods. Moreover, the Science of Ahangyol, which is a new philosophical worldview and a new paradigm contributes to clarification of metaphysic views considerably and discovery of the scientific potential of religious books.

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