scholarly journals Copper Release In Drinking Water Due To Internal Corrosion Of Distibution Pipes

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Copper Release

The present paper deals with water quality modification during its stagnation in copper distribution pipes caused by electrochemical corrosion processes. Copper is chosen as plumbing material because of its wide use in drinking water distribution systems all around the world, and because of its recognized toxicity at high dosages. Several experiments are developed, varying water composition and stagnation length, to ascertain the dependence of copper release on both parameters. The effect of different concentrations of bicarbonates, sulphates and phosphates on metal release is studied, assuming stagnation periods ranging from 15 to 90 minutes. The corrosion potential of the metal surface during stagnation episodes is also monitored to verify the existence of a direct correlation between this potential at the end of each stagnation episode, and the corresponding total dissolved copper concentration in the stagnating water. The correlation allows to quantify copper release in drinking water, measuring the corrosion potential, drastically reducing, in this way, the cost of water quality monitoring.

scholarly journals Water quality event detection and customer complaint clustering analysis in distribution systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mounce ◽  
John Machell ◽  
Joby Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Historic Data

Safe, clean drinking water is a foundation of society and water quality monitoring can contribute to ensuring this. A case study application of the CANARY software to historic data from a UK drinking water distribution system is described. Sensitivity studies explored appropriate choice of algorithmic parameter settings for a baseline site, performance was evaluated with artificial events and the system then transferred to all sites. Results are presented for analysis of nine water quality sensors measuring six parameters and deployed in three connected district meter areas (DMAs), fed from a single water source (service reservoir), for a 1 year period and evaluated using comprehensive water utility records with 86% of event clusters successfully correlated to causes (spatially limited to DMA level). False negatives, defined by temporal clusters of water quality complaints in the pilot area not corresponding to detections, were only approximately 25%. It was demonstrated that the software could be configured and applied retrospectively (with potential for future near real time application) to detect various water quality event types (with a wider remit than contamination alone) for further interpretation.

scholarly journals Design of smart sensors for real time drinking water quality monitoring and contamination detection in water distributed mains

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kavi Priya ◽  
G. Shenbagalakshmi ◽  
T. Revathi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Quality Monitoring

Drinking Water Distribution Systems facilitate to carry portable water from water resources such as reservoirs, river, and water tanks to industrial, commercial and residential consumers through complex buried pipe networks. Determining the consequences of a water contamination event is an important concern in the field of water systems security and in drinking water distribution systems. The proposed work is based on the development of low cost fuzzy based water quality monitoring system using wireless sensor networks which is capable of measuring physiochemical parameters of water quality such as pH, temperature, conductivity, oxidation reduction potential and turbidity. Based on selected parameters a sensing unit is developed along with several microsystems for analog signal conditioning, data aggregation, sensor data analysis and logging, and remote representation of data to the consumers. Finally, algorithms for fusing the real time data and decision making using fuzzy logic at local level are developed to assess the water contamination risk. Based on the water contamination level in the distribution pipeline the drinking water quality is classified as acceptable/reject/desirable. When the contamination is detected, the sensing unit with ZigBee sends signals to close the solenoid valve inside the pipeline to prevent the flow of contaminated water supply and it intimates the consumers about drinking water quality through mobile app. Experimental results indicate that this low cost real time water quality monitoring system acts as an ideal early warning system with best detection accuracy. The derived solution can also be applied to different IoT (Internet of Things) scenario such as smart cities, the city transport system etc.

Simulation of Constant Pressure and Flow Rate Through Mini-Channels Inserted Into Distribution Systems (WDS)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muinul H. Banna ◽  
Homayoun Najjaran ◽  
Rehan Sadiq ◽  
Manuel J. Rodriguez ◽  
Syed A. Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Flow Rates

The miniaturised online sensors that were developed in the laboratories were for atmospheric pressure and steady state flow, but in the water distribution network neither the pressure nor the flow is steady. Many of the state of the art drinking water quality monitoring sensors can be operated well below the drinking Water Distribution System (WDS) pressure. Moreover, each of the sensors requires different flow rates. This paper discusses simulation and design of an affordable constant flow and constant outlet pressure system and shows an easy way to provide different flow rates for different sensors. The other criterion which should be met is the flow rate of the water bled (leakage) from WDS which must also be low. To meet the above criteria a 2-D model was developed to represent the constant pressure constant flow system for online water quality monitoring (WQM) sensors. Different configuration of the system is considered and the optimum design includes 1.044 m/s flow velocity which is low enough for the flow to be steady.

Monitoring copper release in drinking water distribution systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1111-1115
Author(s):  
L. d'Antonio ◽  
M. Fabbricino ◽  
A. Panico
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Copper Release ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
On Line ◽  
Surrogate Measure

A new procedure, recently proposed for on-line monitoring of copper released from metal pipes in household plumbing system for drinking water distribution during the development of corrosion processes, is tested experimentally. Experiments were carried out in laboratory controlled conditions, using synthetic water and varying the water alkalinity. The possibility of using the corrosion potential as a surrogate measure of copper concentration in stagnating water is shown, verifying, in the meantime, the effect of alkalinity on the development of passivation phenomena, which tend to protect the pipe from corrosion processes. Experimental data are discussed, highlighting the potentiality of the procedure, and recognizing its limitations.

scholarly journals Whole metagenome sequencing of chlorinated drinking water distribution systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 2080-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Douterelo ◽  
Carolina Calero-Preciado ◽  
Victor Soria-Carrasco ◽  
Joby B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Chlorinated Drinking Water ◽  
Metagenome Sequencing

This research highlights the potential of whole metagenome sequencing to help protect drinking water quality and safety.

Influence factors of organic compounds leaching from PE pipes and the potential toxic effects on E. coli and rat C6 glioma cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqing Liu ◽  
Hongxi Peng ◽  
Shengwei Tan ◽  
Jianmin Wu ◽  
Hamid Bastani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Glioma Cell ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
C6 Glioma ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
C6 Glioma Cell ◽  
Rat C6 Glioma

Water quality safety is always a hot topic. Recently there has been a great increase in the use of polyethylene (PE) pipes in drinking water distribution systems in China. Some organics can leach from PE pipes into drinking water, which is undoubtedly harmful for consumers. In this study, potential organics leaching from two Chinese brands of PE pipe were investigated in order to determine the potential risk to both consumers and water quality. Their released amounts are characterized by UV254 instead of total organic carbon (TOC). Organics are identified by means of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Influencing factors such as types of water, time, pH, residual chlorine are discussed. The cytotoxicity of leaching organics is first put forward in this study, and rat C6 glioma cell is used to assess the effect of leaching organics; the increasing dosage of soaking solution negatively affects morphology and relative viability of rat C6 glioma cell. The results show that residual chlorine, time and temperature have a positive effect on organics release, while pH plays an opposite role.

scholarly journals Prevalence and public health implications of mycotoxigenic fungi in treated drinking water systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ntombie Thandazile Mhlongo ◽  
Memory Tekere ◽  
Timothy Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
Treated Drinking Water

Abstract Insufficient potable water resources and poorly treated drinking water quality are the world's number one cause for preventable morbidity and mortality from water-related pathogenic microorganisms. Pathogenic microorganisms, including mycotoxigenic fungi, have been identified in treated drinking water. This paper presents a review of mycotoxigenic fungi as a health risk to the public as these fungi are responsible for allergies, cancers and opportunistic infections mainly to immunocompromised patients. The exacerbating factors contributing to fungal presence in water distribution systems, factors that lead to fungi being resistant to water treatment and treated drinking water quality legislations are also discussed. This paper provides a review on the prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and their implications to public health in treated drinking water, and the need for inclusion in treated drinking water quality regulations.

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