scholarly journals Assessment of adult nutritional status: Case of denutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 52-73
Author(s):  
Corinne C. DAHEL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Composite Indices ◽  
Status Assessment

The assessment of the nutritional status is based on data including elements of the interrogation (food consumption, and evaluation of ingesta), clinical data based on the results of anthropometric, and body composition measurements, of biological mar-kers and/or multifactorial indexes. More complex assessment methods can be utilized. Undernutrition screening is based on elucidating relevant risk factors, and estimating food intake; however, undernutrition diagnosis is based on the measurement of nutri-tional markers. Food surveys allow to assess the intakes of an individual, or a group of individuals. Some of them estimate the consumption on specific days, others evaluate the usual consumption. The nutritional status assessment is carried out throughout clini-cal tools, common biological parameters, and validated composite indices, in addition to the evaluation of the overall food intake. More or less sophisticated tools (biophysical measurements), associating biological markers, such as: albumin, transthyretin, transferrin, retinol vector protein, etc., combined with clinical or anthropometric para-meters (body mass index (BMI), skin folds, circumference measurements, etc.), have been suggested attempting to ameliorate the nutritional status assessment, and to identify potentially undernourished subjects. Nutritional diagnosis is established further collecting clinical, and biological parameters, and validated composite indices. There-fore, this diagnosis remains the essential initial step to undertake prior any nutritional care, conditioning both therapy, and subsequent prognosis of nutritional pathology. However, it cannot be achieved by a single tool because none has enough sensitivity and specificity allowing the diagnosis of the type and severity of undernutrition.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Determinants of High Blood Pressure among Adolescents: A School based Study in Rural Area of Hooghly District, West Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Malay Kumar Das ◽  
Rabindranath Sinha ◽  
Aparajita Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: The World Health Organization has already warned of increasing non-communicable diseases among adolescents as a major public health problem. The importance of this age group also lies in the fact that many serious diseases in adulthood have their roots in adolescence. Method: A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used in class-room setting to collect information from students regarding presence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases. The respondents were also subjected to anthropometric measurements and blood pressure examination using standard operating procedures. Results: A total of 761 students of class VI-XII participated in the study of which 61.4% were boys and rests were girls. High blood pressure among boys and girls were 19.9% and 22.1% were respectively. In Bivariate analysis age > 15 years (median) (OR= 2.11), fast food intake (>3 times/week) (OR= 1.66), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.22), less physical activity (OR=1.54), increased body mass index (OR=2.53), significantly associated with high blood pressure. In Multivariate analysis age (AOR= 2.25), fast food intake (AOR= 1.50), Alcohol consumption (OR= 2.23), less physical activity (AOR=1.71), increased body mass index (AOR=2.42) remains significant predictor. Conclusion: Detecting the risk factors of high blood pressure prevalent in the population is of utmost importance to achieve a healthy population. Formulation and dissemination of need--based, culturally acceptable and age appropriate scientific messages for school students should be conducted more proactively. Keywords: Adolescents, Blood pressure, Risk factor, Rural school.

Nutritional management of cystic fibrosis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicky Heather
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Enzyme Replacement Therapy ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy ◽  
Status Assessment

This chapter covers the nutritional management of cystic fibrosis. This includes discussion of the risk factors for malnutrition, assessment of nutritional status, assessment of nutritional requirements, and practical management. The chapter includes a section on pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Nutritional status assessment of the Polish Border Guards officers – Body Mass Index or Fat Mass Index?

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Anyzewska ◽  
Roman Lakomy ◽  
Tomasz Lepionka ◽  
Ewa Szarska ◽  
Ewelina Maculewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Status Assessment

AbstractIntroduction:Border Guards service requirements are very specific. Very good health and excellent psycho-physical condition are the main factors that determine effectiveness and reliability of designated tasks. Disorders of nutritional status, such as underweight, overweight or obesity not only impairs well-being, but also are health problem associated with limitation of possibilities to perform Border Guard's tasks and duties and can lead to earlier elimination from the service. The aim of the study was to assess nutritional status, using two indicators: Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI).Materials and methods:The study was carried out with participation of 259 Border Guards (64 women and 195 men), aged 38 ± 6; years of service: 12 ± 6. An electric bioimpedance method (TANITA MC-780) was used to determine body composition. Body Mass Index (BMI [kg/m2] = body mass [kg] / height2 [m2]) and Fat Mass Index FMI [kg/m2] = fat mass [kg] / height2 [m2]) were calculated for each of the participants.Results and discussion:Examined group of Polish Border Guards officers was characterized by a large variety of assessed anthropometric indicators. According to the BMI classification excess body mass was more often (p < 0.001) observed in men (68%) than in women (25%) and according to the FMI classification excess fat was also more often (p < 0.001) observed in men (55%) than in women (28%). BMI classification of overweight or obese was observed in 41 of participants with the normal FMI level. Fat percentage of women with normal BMI ranged from 11.6 to 33.5% and tat percentage of men with normal BMI ranged from 7.3 to 21.6%. There are difficulties in BMI interpretation in adults with increased physical activity. It seems more reasonable to assess correctness of nutritional status on the basis of an analyze of FMI value, as this indicator assesses degree of fatness, and not the entire body weight, which, in case of uniformed services usually is greater due to extensive muscle mass, which can increase BMI value. It is necessary to take educational activities in the field of health promotion of these people, with a focus on nutrition prevention of metabolic civilization diseases, as well as to motivate Border Guards officers to respect basic principles of proper nutrition to maintain proper body mass and fat mass.

scholarly journals A review of the emerging pandemic of obesity in preschool children in Egypt: Exclusive breastfeeding is protective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Ayoub Al-Jawaldeh ◽  
Azza Abul-Fadl
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Formula Milk ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Introduction: Early exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) without foods or formula milk (FM) is recommended for the first six months of life, for optimum growth and development. Aim: This study aims to review studies in Egypt on nutritional status of preschool children by type of feeding. Methods: A two staged study was done: First; research was obtained from the Egyptian university libraries consortium (www.eulc.edu) on overweight, obesity stunting, and wasting in preschool children. We filtered 18 thesis fitting the criteria of the study. Next, analysis was done to compare EBF versus FM. Results: Comparison of nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months among formula versus EBF was as follows: Overweight 5.4% versus 3.45%, obesity 13.8% versus 5.65%, stunting 21.6% versus 1.15%, and wasting 9.7% versus 0.85%, respectively. Obesity and overweight were higher in males, whereas stunting and wasting were higher in females irrespective of mode of feeding. Early and extended formula feeding, foods before 6 months of life, packed foods, canned drinks, and low activity are risk factors for obesity. Colostrum feeding, exclusive and longer duration of breastfeeding, healthy food intake, and fruits and vegetables are protective. Studies report that deficiency of micronutrients is common with obesity. Conclusions: Prolonged formula feeding and unhealthy food intake are risk factors for the emerging and growing problem of obesity. Policies and legislations are needed to encourage exclusive breastfeeding and control marketing of unhealthy foods.

scholarly journals Body composition of women with and without dynapenia defined by different cut-off points

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas dos SANTOS ◽  
Camille Giehl Martins MIRANDA ◽  
Tasso Carvalho Barberino de SOUZA ◽  
Thais Alves BRITO ◽  
Marcos Henrique FERNANDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT Objective To compare body composition of postmenopausal women with and without dynapenia, defined by different cut-off points. Methods Body composition was assessed by electrical bioimpedance and the nutritional status by the body mass index. Dynapenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength, using the following cut-off points: handgrip strength <16kgf and <20 kgf. Results A total of 171 women (50 to 92 years of age) participated in the investigation. The mean age of non-dynapenic and dynapenic women (handgrip strength <20kgf) was 69.4±8.2 and 74.5±8.2 years, respectively. The mean age of women with dynapenia (handgrip strength <16kgf) was 75.0±10.1 years and non-dynapenic women, 71.1±8.2 years. It was found that dynapenic women, with handgrip strength <20 and <16kgf, had an average of 2.38 and 2.47kg less muscle mass respectively, when compared to non-dynapenic women (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in muscle mass between the different dynapenic groups. Non-dynapenic women (handgrip strength ≥20kgf) had more total (3.55kg) and central fat (1.47kg) (p<0.05). Conclusion Dynapenic women, diagnosed considering both cutoff points, had less total and segmental muscle mass compared to non-dynapenic women. In addition, dynapenic women with handgrip strength <20kgf had lower total and trunk adiposity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional status of foreign students at King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Mohammed A Mohammed ◽  
Ghedeir M Alshammari ◽  
Elfadil E Babiker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
King Saud University

AbstractObjective:The current study was conducted to assess the nutritional status and associated risk factors among foreign students residing at King Saud University for different periods and to explore its correlations.Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted during the spring semester of 2018. A total of 400 male students aged 18–35 years had participated in the current study after signing a written consent form according to Helsinki Declaration.Setting:A structural questionnaire was used to collect data on daily food intake and habits and socio-economic characteristics. Nutrients of food intake were assessed using the Esha programme and compared with that of dietary requirement intake (DRI). A body composition analyser was used to measure body fat (BF), visceral fat (VF) and BMI. Spearman correlation coefficients and simple regression analysis were performed to determine associations between variables.Participants:Foreign students residing for different periods (<6 months: 200 students and >6 months: 200 students) were used as subjects.Results:The students who stayed <6 months consumed lower level of some nutrients than that of the DRI compared with those stayed >6 months. Overweight and obesity were more common among students who stayed >6 months with high values of BF and VF. Several risk factors were positively or negatively correlated with the students’ nutrition proxies.Conclusion:Most of the students who stayed >6 months are suffered from overweight. Some independent variables were found to be significantly correlated with the students’ nutrition proxies either positively or negatively.

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