scholarly journals Metaphorical Interpretation of Movement Accompanied with Sounding in the Scots Dialect of English

2021 ◽  
pp. 3865-3869
Author(s):  
Luiza Vasilievna Nadeina ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Vasilievna Shvagrukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metaphorical Interpretation

scholarly journals We Shall Fight: Speaker-Exclusive We as a Grammatical Metaphor

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Francesca Santulli
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
First Person ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Person Plural ◽  
Plural Pronoun ◽  
First Person Plural ◽  
The One ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

The first person plural pronoun cannot be considered as an expression of pluralization of the first. Its semantic boundaries are defined in context, and this inherent vagueness an be pragmatically exploited for communicative purposes. Beyond the frequently investigated opposition between (addressee-) inclusive vs exclusive forms, this paper explores non-prototypical uses of the first person plural pronoun, focusing on the conflicts that arise when it is used in contexts that semantically exclude the speaker. Speaker-exclusive forms can occur in different situations, ranging from interpersonal exchanges to public discourse. The paper investigates their different semantic implications, highlighting their common traits as well as their crucial peculiarities. Both the review of the literature and the analysis of actual examples bring forth the different values and functions of various speaker-exclusive occurrences of the first person plural. A more systematic categorization of the forms can be obtained adopting a metaphorical interpretation, which on the one hand emphasises their common denominator (i.e. speaker-exclusiveness) and, on the other, sheds light on their varying communicative potential.

The Poetics of Discontinuity: East-West Correspondences in Lyric Poetry

PMLA ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Yu
Keyword(s):  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
T'ang Dynasty ◽  
Classical Chinese ◽  
Classical Chinese Poetry ◽  
Characteristic Methods ◽  
East West ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

AbstractThis article discusses some characteristic methods and structures shared by modern Western and classical Chinese poetry, focusing on the works of Georg Trakl and major poets of the T’ang dynasty. Among the similarities examined are the preference for concrete imagery over abstract, discursive statement; the paratactical juxtaposition of images, which leaves their logical, temporal, and grammatical relationships unspecified and often ambiguous; and the tendency for images to become “ciphers” that suggest, but do not support, metaphorical interpretation. There is also a reluctance to obtrude a first-person speaker onto the scene, and this has led some critics to label Symbolist-post-Symbolist and Chinese poetry “impersonal”; this essay argues, however, that the hidden subjectivity of even the most “impersonal” poem should not be overlooked. Nevertheless, the omission of subject does frequently increase ambiguities among the other elements of a work and contributes to the “poetics of discontinuity” common to the two traditions.

Interpretation of metaphors in Chinese poetry: Where did Li Bai place his emotions?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciyuan Peng ◽  
Jason J Jung
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Chinese Poetry ◽  
Emotional Understanding ◽  
Sentiment Detection ◽  
Li Bai ◽  
Metaphor Interpretation ◽  
Negative Sentiment ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation ◽  
Emotion Mining

Abstract Recently, with an increasing number of metaphor studies being conducted, research on metaphor interpretation has set off an upsurge. Although a multitude of studies on the interpretation of metaphors exists, many are limited to the understanding of literal meanings without attempting an interpretation of hidden emotions in metaphorical expressions. There are particularly few studies on metaphorical emotions interpretation in literary studies with rich and implicit emotions, such as classical Chinese poetry. This study proposes the interpretation of the metaphorical emotions of special objects in Chinese poetry based on emotion distribution. We present a statistical approach to calculate the emotion distribution of our target objects by exploiting contextual emotion mining. According to the emotion distribution, the emotion with the highest probability is considered the metaphorical emotion of the target object. Subsequently, the metaphorical emotion can be determined as a positive or negative sentiment based on expert annotations. Using the proposed method, we have tested two representative objects, ‘月’ (moon) and ‘风’ (wind), and the accuracy performances were 84% and 83.33%, respectively, for sentiment detection and 66% and 70% for emotion-specific metaphorical interpretation. The results demonstrate that our approach can be used to assist readers with metaphorical emotional understanding in Chinese poetry.

The Virtue of Mercy According to Maimonides: Ethics, Law, and Theology

2018 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-585
Author(s):  
Haim Shapira
Keyword(s):  
Short Discussion ◽  
Divine Attributes ◽  
Philosophical Critique ◽  
The Third ◽  
Legal Standing ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Guide Of The Perplexed ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation ◽  
Ethics Law

AbstractThis article explores Maimonides’s position with regard to mercy in various aspects—ethics, law, and theology—and examines its unity. The first section discusses Maimonides’s view on the question of mercy in the moral plane: is mercy a virtue? It begins with a short discussion of the Aristotelian stance and then analyzes Maimonides’s view. It shows that Maimonides rejected the philosophical critique of mercy and deemed it a virtue. The second section discusses Maimonides’s view in the judicial plane: may a judge show mercy in judgment and be lenient when ruling? It also explores how Maimonides justifies the negation of mercy in the legal plane in contrast with his view of mercy as a virtue. The third section explores Maimonides’s view of mercy in the theological context. In his discussion of the divine attributes Maimonides interprets the attributes of “merciful and gracious,” and offered a metaphorical interpretation. Since humans are mandated to imitate God, this interpretation has consequences in the normative sphere. The theological discussion therefore raises the question of the moral and legal standing of mercy from a new perspective. It also raises the question of the relation between Maimonides’s position in theGuide of the Perplexedand that in his halakhic compositions. Are these two apparently different positions compatible?

scholarly journals Fitting Logistic IRT Models: Small Wonder

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 74-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. García-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parameter Spaces ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Logistic Functions ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

State-of-the-art item response theory (IRT) models use logistic functions exclusively as their item response functions (IRFs). Logistic functions meet the requirements that their range is the unit interval and that they are monotonically increasing, but they impose a parameter space whose dimensions can only be assigned a metaphorical interpretation in the context of testing. Applications of IRT models require obtaining the set of values for logistic function parameters that best fit an empirical data set. However, success in obtaining such set of values does not guarantee that the constructs they represent actually exist, for the adequacy of a model is not sustained by the possibility of estimating parameters. This article illustrates how mechanical adoption of off-the-shelf logistic functions as IRFs for IRT models can result in off-the-shelf parameter estimates and fits to data. The results of a simulation study are presented, which show that logistic IRT models can fit a set of data generated by IRFs other than logistic functions just as well as they fit logistic data, even though the response processes and parameter spaces involved in each case are substantially different. An explanation of why logistic functions work as they do is offered, the theoretical and practical consequences of their behavior are discussed, and a testable alternative to logistic IRFs is commented upon.

Metaphorical interpretation: An investigation of the salience imbalance hypothesis.

1984 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Readence ◽  
R. Scott Baldwin ◽  
Michael A. Martin ◽  
David G. O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Metaphorical Interpretation

scholarly journals Metaphorical Interpretation of Genesis in M. M. Prishvin’s Works

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Aleksey Chumakov ◽  
Tatiana Shnurenko ◽  
Sergey Zhilyakov ◽  
Anatoly Mochalin
Keyword(s):  
Metaphorical Interpretation

scholarly journals The concept of empire as a stumbling stone: Aspects of an ecumenical discussion on the theme of empire

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Wasserloos-Strunk
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
The Real ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The North ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Metaphorical Interpretation

The topic of empire is one of the main disputed points in the discussion following the ‘Accra Declaration’. This article evaluates several points of view from the South and North concerning ‘empire’ and shows how the dynamics of the different contexts have influenced the tense discussions in the churches. A distinction has to be made between the real-political high profile of modern empires and the more metaphorical interpretation of empire as it is expressed in the Bible. The discussion on empire can become a stumbling block if it is not approached with great compassion for the victims of globalisation, a careful sense of the vastly different situations in the South and the North, and an understanding of real-political structures. This article warns against the danger of polarisation and seeks to build a bridge toward a common understanding.

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