scholarly journals Effect of partial defoliation on Cylindrocarpon destructans infection of grapevines

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 256-261
Author(s):  
D. Brown ◽  
E.E. Jones ◽  
H.J. Ridgway ◽  
M.V. Jaspers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Cylindrocarpon Destructans ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Black Foot

Oneyearold grapevines of Sauvignon blanc grafted to rootstocks 10114 or Schwarzmann were used to evaluate the effects of partial defoliation and inoculation with C destructans on disease severity incidence and dry weight accumulation Assessment 8 months after treatments showed that disease incidence was not affected by the defoliation treatments However disease severity was significantly highest for the highly defoliated plants (P0043) Incidence and severity were similar for Schwarzmann (293 and 84 respectively) and 10114 (310 and 149 respectively) Root dry weight was affected by the defoliation treatments (P0000) being significantly lower in the highly defoliated plants than the moderately defoliated and undefoliated plants (156 185 and 199 g respectively) The practice of leaf removal in young vines clearly needs to be managed when black foot is a recognised risk factor for newly planted vineyards

scholarly journals Influence of Root Flooding Interval on Phytophthora Root Rot of Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 468D-468
Author(s):  
Amal. P. de Silva ◽  
W. Keith Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Water Logging

Phytophthora root rot is a severe disease on blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in poorly drained soils. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of water-logged conditions on disease severity of blueberry. Phytophthora cinnamomi was grown on rice hulls and incorporated into the soil at the rate of 10% v/v. Water logging conditions were inflicted for 48 hr on mulched and non–mulched blueberry plants at 1-, 2-, and 4-week intervals. Non-water logging conditions were used on both mulched and non-mulched control plants. There was a significant linear relationship between disease severity of shoots and roots and the frequency of water-logging conditions. Disease symptoms were low in control plants, but disease ratings were high in mulched and non-mulched plants that were treated with water-logging conditions every week. There was also a linear trend between shoot dry weight and root dry weight of plants with frequency of water logging. Higher dry weights were seen on control plants. There was a significantly higher shoot, root dry weight and number of leaves of mulched plants than non-mulched plants. The percentage of infection on roots were high with frequent water logging. The study revealed high disease incidence with frequent water loggings. However, growth of mulched blueberry plants were comparable in control plants and plants that were subjected to water logging at 4-week intervals.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biochars and Endophytic Bacteria on Growth and Root Rot Disease Incidence of Fusarium Infested Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽  
Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽  
Burak Alaylar ◽  
Hua Ma ◽  
Marina E. H. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Rot Disease

The effects of biochar on plant growth vary depending on the applied biochar type, study site environmental conditions, microbial species, and plant–microbial interactions. The objectives of the present study were therefore to assess 1) the response of growth parameters of lupin and root disease incidence to the application of three biochar types in a loamy sandy soil, and 2) the role of endophytic bacteria in biological control of root rot disease incidence in lupin after the amendment of soil with different biochar types. As biochar types we tested (i) hydrochar (HTC) from maize silage, (ii) pyrolysis char from maize (MBC), and (iii) pyrolysis char from wood (WBC) at three different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3% of char as soil amendments). There were no significant effects in lupin shoot and root growth in soils amended with WBC at any of the concentrations. MBC did not affect plant growth except for root dry weight at 2% MBC. HTC char at 2% concentration, significantly increased the root dry weight of lupin by 54–75%, and shoot dry weight by 21–25%. Lupin plants grown in soil amended with 2% and 3% WBC and MBC chars showed 40–50% and 10–20% disease symptoms, respectively. Plants grown in soil without biochar and with HTC char were healthy, and no disease incidence occurred. Pseudomonas putida L2 and Stenotrophomonas pavanii L8 isolates demonstrated a disease reduction compared to un-inoculated plants under MBC and WBC amended soil that was infested with Fusarium solani.

Resistance of standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens) varieties to Embellisia astragali

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Yu ◽  
Z. B. Nan ◽  
Y. Z. Li ◽  
H. L. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Astragalus Adsurgens

Yellow stunt and root rot caused by Embellisia astragali are major factors contributing to declining yields of standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens). The resistance of ten varieties of standing milkvetch to E. astragali was evaluated under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Seed germination/emergence, shoot and root length, plant dry weight, disease incidence, mortality, and disease severity index were monitored. The results show that Shanxi and Zhongsha No. 1 varieties had the best agronomic traits and lowest levels of disease in all experiments, while the varieties Neimeng and Ningxia had the highest susceptibility to disease. Germination/emergence differed significantly (P < 0.05) between varieties after inoculation, and compared with the control, germination/emergence of inoculated treatments of nine varieties decreased on average by 1.5% in laboratory experiments and by 4.1% in greenhouse experiments at 15 days after inoculation. Inoculation reduced shoot length by an average of 24.4% and 41.5% (P < 0.05) in laboratory and greenhouse experiments, respectively, in six of ten varieties. All varieties showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower plant dry weight following inoculation, with reductions ranging from 0.3 to 0.6 mg in the laboratory and from 82.6 to 149.4 mg in the greenhouse. Resistance to the pathogen was evaluated on the basis of disease incidence, a disease severity index (DSI), and mortality; varieties showing different resistance were grouped using cluster analysis. There were significant correlations between the results of laboratory and greenhouse experiments (r = 0.79; P < 0.01) and between greenhouse and field experiments (r = 0.83; P < 0.01) across all varieties. Multiple regression analysis between laboratory/greenhouse and field experiments on DSI suggested that screening in the laboratory/greenhouse could be an alternative method of rapidly estimating DSI under field conditions.

scholarly journals Keefektifan beberapa teknik pengendalian untuk menekan intensitas penyakit busuk buah (Phytophthora palmivora) di lapang Several technique to control the intensity of cocoa pod rot disease (Pytophthora palmivora) in the field

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul WAHAB ◽  
Muhammad TAUFIK ◽  
La Ode Santiaji BANDE ◽  
Irma KRESNAWATY
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Fruit Samples

AbstractVarious factors causing the decreasing in the cocoa  production, and one of them is the infection of cocoa pod disease (CPD) caused by the pathogen of  Phytophthora palmivora. Plastic covered and coating with biokaolin can be used as techniques for the prevention of the diseases. The aim of  the research was to evaluate several techniques to control cocoa pod disease in order to reduce disease incidence, disease severity and yield loss of 100 seeds cocoa. This research was conducted in the village of Tokai, District of Poli-Polia, East Kolaka Southeast Sulawesi, from April to August 2013. The research was conducted according completely Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five treatments and four groups in order to obtain 20 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of  20 trees which each has five fruits so in total each unit consist of 100 fruit samples. The treatments tested were as follows; control (M0), biokaolin application every two weeks (M1), biokaolin application every four weeks (M2), plastic covered (M3), and mankozeb fungicide application every two weeks (M4). Variables observed in this study were the incidence of disease, severity of disease and yield loss was calculated by weighing the dry weight of 100 seeds. The results showed that the application of biokaolin every two weeks was more  effective to reduce disease incidence (26.12%) and disease severity (11.04%) while the average weight of the highest dry bean yield loss was on category of severe infection that is 74.96% with the lowest dry weight is 26.6 g in 100 seeds.  Abstrak   Berbagai faktor menjadi penyebab turunnya produksi buah kakao, salah satunya adanya infeksi penyakit busuk buah kakao (BBK) yang disebabkan oleh pathogen  Phytophthora palmivora. Teknik yang dapat dikembangkan untuk penanggulangan penyakit antara lain teknik penyelubungan dan pelapisan dengan biokaolin. Penelitian ini  ber-tujuan untuk mengevaluasi berbagai teknik pengendalian penyakit busuk buah kakao yang efektif menekan kejadian penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan besarnya kehilangan hasil berat 100 biji kering. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Tokai, Kecamatan Poli-Polia, Kabupaten Kolaka Timur, Sulawesi Tenggara pada bulan April sampai Agustus 2013. Metode yang digunakan berdasar-kan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dalam empat kelompok sehingga diperoleh 20 unit percobaan.  Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 20 pohon, dalam satu pohon terdiri dari lima sampel sehingga dalam 1 unit terdiri dari 100 sampel.  Perlakuan yang dicobakan adalah sebagai berikut; tanpa penyemprotan/penyelubungan (kontrol)  (M0), penyemprotan dengan biokaolin setiap dua minggu (M1), penyemprotan dengan biokaolin setiap empat minggu (M2), penyelubung-an dengan kantong plastik (M3), penyemprotan dengan fungisida mankozeb setiap dua minggu (M4). Parameter yang diamati  adalah kejadian penyakit, keparahan penyakit dan besarnya kehilangan hasil dihitung dengan menimbang berat 100 biji kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik pengendalian penyakit busuk buah dengan aplikasi biokaolin setiap dua minggu rata-rata lebih efektif dalam menekan kejadian   penyakit yaitu (26,12%)  dan  keparahan  penyakit  (11,04%), sedangkan rata-rata besarnya kehilanganhasil berat biji kering tertinggi terlihat pada kategori infeksi berat yaitu 74,96%  dengan berat kering terendah yaitu 26,6 g dalam100 biji.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF Trichoderma spp. AND LIGNOHUMATE TO SUPPRESS A PATHOGEN OF CLUBROOT (Plasmodiophora brassicae WOR.) AND PROMOTE PLANT GROWTH OF CABBAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
I Ketut Suada ◽  
Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Suwastika ◽  
I Kadek Ngestika Pradnyana ◽  
Nataliya Shchegolkova ◽  
Rodion Poloskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Root Dry Weight

The high economic value of cabbage crop leads farmers to make various efforts to suppress the pathogen of club root which is detrimental to plants. Efforts that need to be put forward must be environmentally safe. One way that is environmentally friendly is to control a pathogen biologically using antagonistic microbes. Therefore, the use of microbes such as Trichoderma which has been widely studied is important because it was able to suppress clubroot incidence and stimulate plant growth as well. Meanwhile, the need for plant nutrients to maximize plant growth requires an input of organic materials such as lignohumate which preserve soil nutrients, improve soil structure and increase plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The previous study on this scheme found an effective indigenous Trichoderma to suppress clubroot, therefore it is used in the current study. The objective of this study was to find out a combination treatment of Trichoderma and lignohumate which can suppress clubroot and increase plant growth. This experiment used a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 3 replications. Trichoderma concentration consisted of 3 levels, namely 0 spores (control), 1x106 spores. 2x106 spores, and 3x106 spores per plant which were suspended in 150 ml of water. The lignohumate treatments were 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2%. The results showed that lignohumate treatment was interact with Trichoderma population number on disease incidence, total clubroot, root dry weight, but not to canopy dry weight. The most suitable combination of treatments was the Trichoderma population of 3x106 spores (15 g) in combination to lignohumate of 0.5%.  This combination resulted in the lowest disease incidence, the lowest total clubroot, root dry weight, and the highest canopy dry weight. The higher the lignohumate concentration up to 0.5%, the higher the number of microbes (fungi and bacteria) growth, howeverit decreased above the concentration of 0.5%.

scholarly journals Liming and biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Caio Soares Diniz ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a disease that limits the cauliflower cultivation and is difficult to control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of liming combined with the use of Trichoderma harzianum-based biofungicide for the control of clubroot in cauliflower. In a field experiment, the use of the biofungicide in combination with the application of calcined limestone doses (0 Mg ha-1, 1.0 Mg ha-1, 2.0 Mg ha-1 and 4.0 Mg ha-1) was evaluated. Subsequently, in a greenhouse, the biofungicide combined with liming with quicklime (2.54 Mg ha-1) was tested, and cyazofamid and water were tested as controls. The disease severity and attributes related to root and plant development were analyzed. In the field experiment, the healthy root volume and fresh weight, total root dry weight and inflorescence fresh weight and diameter were all significantly increased, while the diseased root volume, in response to the limestone doses, was reduced. The biofungicide reduced the root growth and inflorescence fresh weight. In the greenhouse, liming increased the healthy root volume and fresh weight, as well as total root dry weight, and reduced the disease severity. No significant difference was observed between the biofungicide and the control (water), which were inferior to cyazofamid. The biofungicide was not efficient in controlling the disease and did not favour the growth of cauliflower plants, either alone or combined with liming. Liming reduced the disease severity and increased the cauliflower root growth and yield.

scholarly journals The relative susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to black foot disease is dependent on inoculum pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Carolyn Bleach ◽  
Hayley J. Ridgway ◽  
Marlene V. Jaspers ◽  
E. Eirian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Inoculation Treatment ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease ◽  
Inoculum Pressure

Black foot disease of grapevines is a major economic issue for the viticulture industry worldwide. The disease is mainly associated with a complex of pathogen species within the genera Dactylonectria and Ilyonectria. The susceptibility of six grapevine rootstock cultivars to black foot disease under field conditions was assessed. Callused rootstocks of 101-14, 5C, 420A, Riparia Gloire, Schwarzmann and 3309C were planted into soil containing low natural pathogen populations or inoculated with isolates representing the species diversity in New Zealand. Disease incidence, disease severity and dry weight accumulation were assessed after 8 months of growth. Root and shoot dry weights were not significantly affected by inoculation treatment, but differed among rootstock cultivars, with cultivar 420A having the lowest root and shoot dry weight, cultivar 3309C having the largest shoot dry weight and cultivar 5C the largest root dry weight. The relative susceptibility of rootstocks differed significantly depending on whether they were grown under low natural inoculum pressure or a higher pressure in artificially inoculated soil. Schwarzmann and Riparia Gloire rootstock cultivars were the least susceptible under natural low inoculum pressure, but were the most susceptible in inoculated soil. In contrast, 5C was one of the most susceptible under low inoculum levels but was the least susceptible under high pathogen pressure. The result of the study indicate that black foot pathogen inoculum levels in soil affect the relative susceptibility of grapevine rootstocks to infection, and may have implications for the selection of rootstocks for planting.

scholarly journals Use of Bamboo Vinegar as an Alternative to Control Downy Mildew in Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habibullah ◽  
Danes Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Control Application

Introduction: Downy mildew control using pesticides has been used intensively and led to the onset of resistant strains. This research aims to find out the effect of bamboo vinegar administration on disease incidence, disease severity, disease progression, and growth of maize. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted from June to August 2020 in the laboratory and Screenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Tidar. The experiment was experimentally conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 3 treatments with 6. are plants. In each polybag used there are 3 maize so there are 54 plants tested. The treatment tested is of bamboo vinegar and maydis (negative control), of bamboo vinegar with inoculation P. maydis (positive control), application bamboo vinegar 2 ml l-1 with inoculation P. maydis. Observations on the agronomic influence of maize covering height, , and dry weight were analyzed using ANOVA at a significance of 5% followed by LSD test at the same real level using software R v. 4.0.2. Results: Bamboo vinegar showed lignification in the treatment of stronger bamboo vinegar in corn leaf tissue, did not decrease in disease incidence, but decreased the disease severity by 22.18% and decreased disease the progression by 34.74% based on AUDPC value. The growth of maize, bamboo vinegar-treated shows values are not significant negative control.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of four grapevine rootstocks to Cylindrocladiella parva

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Brown ◽  
M.V. Jaspers ◽  
H.J. Ridgway ◽  
C.J. Barclay ◽  
E.E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Foot Disease ◽  
Black Foot ◽  
Black Foot Disease

The susceptibility of four common grapevine rootstocks (10114 Schwarzmann 5C and Riparia Gloire) to Cylindrocladiella parva (black foot disease) infection was assessed in a pot experiment The roots of 4monthold callused rooted cuttings were wounded in situ and inoculated with 50 ml C parva conidial suspension (106/ml) or sterile water (controls) After 6 months of growth shoot dry weight was significantly higher for control plants (242 g) than for those inoculated with C parva (165 g) but did not differ between rootstock varieties Root dry weight was not significantly affected by C parva inoculation but root dry weight of 10114 was significantly higher than other rootstocks Incidence and severity of trunk infection were significantly affected by rootstock variety being lowest in rootstock 10114 plants than other rootstocks None of the rootstocks tested was resistant to this pathogen

scholarly journals Resistensi Beberapa Varietas Bawang Merah Terhadap Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Hekmawati Hekmawati ◽  
Susilo Hambeg Poromarto ◽  
Salim Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>Shallot is an important vegetable because it is needed for seasoning and beneficial for health. One of the problems in shallot cultivation is the decrease in productivity due to <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> attack that caused anthracnose disease. The use of resistant varieties is a solution to control <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> which is safe and doesn't cause environmental damage. Shallot consists of many varieties, but their resistance level remains unknown. The research aimed to test the resistance of some varieties of shallots to <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>. Shallots varieties tested are Tajuk, Bauji, Bima Curut, Bima Rajat, Bali Lancur and Bali Karet. The research used a one-factor completely randomized design with 12 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the research showed that Tajuk, Bima Curut, Bali Lancur and Bali Karet varieties were highly susceptible due to disease severity of more than 71%, have a faster incubation period of anthracnose, high disease incidence and a significant decrease in tuber. Bauji and Bima Rajat varieties are classified as susceptible varieties due to disease severity of 64% but have a longer incubation period of anthracnose, higher number of tubers, higher fresh and dry weight of tubers and lower reduction in the number and weight of tubers.</p>

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