scholarly journals A review of the ecology of grapevine leafroll associated virus type 3 (GLRaV3)

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Charles ◽  
D. Cohen ◽  
J.T.S. Walker ◽  
S.A. Forgie ◽  
V.A. Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leafroll Disease ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Over Time

Grapevine leafroll disease in New Zealand is predominantly caused by the ampelovirus GLRaV3 which is vectored between vines by up to three species of mealybugs (Pseudococcus spp) However global understanding of the transmission and spread of GLRaV3 remains limited and does not definitively show how to successfully manage the disease in New Zealand The disease is a manifestation of a complex relationship between the virus vine and vectors each component of which is interdependent on the other two The review suggests that a full understanding of the disease will require research and operational input from plant virologists entomologists vine physiologists pest controllers vineyard managers grapevine breeders/improvers and winemakers Such a wide range of expertise should ensure that the factors behind the spread of the disease over time (its epidemiology) are accurately determined and that effective management solutions are delivered over the course of decades

Walking of Long Pipelines With Multiple Buckles: Can a Trend Be Trusted?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Carneiro ◽  
Andrew Rathbone
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Axial Displacement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Over Time

Walking of long pipelines with multiple buckles is usually self-limiting. The buckles break the ‘long’ pipeline into multiple ‘short’ ones that are prone to walk. However, as temperature decays over the length of the pipeline, the ‘short’ sections further downstream might become cyclically constrained and eventually anchor the full pipeline length. Walking of the hot end would then slow down and cease. This tapering down can take a large number of cycles, and not seem obvious when after a fair number of cycles, a small value of accumulated axial displacement per cycle is still observed in FEA. Often, designers would stop the analyses at some stage and assume the small rate will continue indefinitely. This can be overconservative, as a limit will often exist — which is demonstrated using first principles in the paper. On the other hand, extrapolating without full understanding of the underlying processes can be dangerous. For some particular conditions, the trend can suddenly change after continuing unaltered for many cycles. This paper illustrates such change in behavior with the example of a fictitious pipeline seeing a gentle, gradual increase in operational temperature over time. The exercise shows that, after the trend has apparently settled, at a given point the rate of walking can increase again. The conditions that trigger it are shown to be predictable.

scholarly journals Keeping Keeping New Zealand in the World Values Survey, 1985-2019:

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Paul Perry ◽  
Polly Yeung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

A brief review of the World Values Survey (WVS) is presented. Seven waves of the survey have occurred since the 1980’s, in between 50 and 80 different countries, using a common questionnaire of several hundred items covering a wide range of social and political views.  The WVS in New Zealand is then described, having completed six waves between 1985 and the latest survey in 2019. New Zealand social researchers are urged to make use of the WVS data, which is freely available on the WVS website, for all waves. WVS data can be used for cross-national comparisons, examining issues within New Zealand and to consider changes in social views over time.  Examples of some the most evident social trends over time in New Zealand are presented.  These include increasing environmental concern, social tolerance, support for gender equality, and increasing value placed on the Treaty of Waitangi. Declines can be seen in religiosity, active participation in some types of voluntary organisations, a willingness to fight for the country and the use of traditional media as a source of news. Several illustrative cross-national comparisons are also presented including a dramatic difference in attitudes towards migrants between New Zealand and Australia.

scholarly journals Urban Compression: Incremental Strategies for Achieving Suburban Densification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tegan Wardle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Accessory Dwelling Units ◽  
Incremental Housing ◽  
Over Time

<p>Background:  Sprawling, car related development dominates and destroys natural landscapes and productive farm land at the edges of urban centres. Yet, suburbs continue to grow outwards to meet New Zealanders’ preferences for stand-alone housing and keep up with increasing housing demand, while existing dwellings are demolished to make way for new developments.  Research objectives:  This research aims to investigate the implications of building dwellings incrementally to achieve gradual densification within New Zealand suburbs, reducing the need for green field development, and slowing urban sprawl. The objective of this research is to determine how incremental housing strategies could enable suburbs to continue to grow, however in density rather than sprawl, through the design of accessory dwelling units that can be added to existing sites and developed over time.  Research method:  Built and proposed incremental housing projects are reviewed to determine existing strategies and their suitability for creating buildings that are able to grow over time. Literature is reviewed to identify current preferences and priorities for suburban living, strategies for sustainable suburban development and current provisions within district plans for achieving denser suburbs. Siteless and site responsive architectural strategies for incremental accessory dwelling units are developed through iterative massing and plan studies to generate a wide range of potential solutions at each stage of development, continually reflecting on and progressing with the most successful options.  Potential Implications:  The development of spatial strategies for incrementally built accessory dwelling units that could facilitate long term densification in the New Zealand suburban context while reducing the need for the demolition and redevelopment of existing residential sites.</p>

scholarly journals Bayesian Exploration: Incentivizing Exploration in Bayesian Games

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yishay Mansour ◽  
Alex Slivkins ◽  
Vasilis Syrgkanis ◽  
Zhiwei Steven Wu
Keyword(s):  
Single Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Bayesian Games ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Over Time

In a wide range of recommendation systems, self-interested individuals (“agents”) make decisions over time, using information revealed by other agents in the past, and producing information that may help agents in the future. Each agent would like to exploit the best action given the current information but would prefer the previous agents to explore various alternatives to collect information. A social planner, by means of a well-designed recommendation policy, can incentivize the agents to balance exploration and exploitation in order to maximize social welfare or some other objective. The recommendation policy can be modeled as a multiarmed bandit algorithm under Bayesian incentivecompatibility (BIC) constraints. This line of work has received considerable attention in the “economics and computation” community. Although in prior work, the planner interacts with a single agent at a time, the present paper allows the agents to affect one another directly in a shared environment. The agents now face two sources of uncertainty: what is the environment, and what would the other agents do? We focus on “explorable” actions: those that can be recommended by some BIC policy. We show how the principal can identify and explore all such actions.

Katherine Mansfield and Elizabeth von Arnim

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Katherine Mansfield ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
John Middleton Murry ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Final Letter

Recent scholarship on the complex relationship between Katherine Mansfield and her best-selling author cousin, Elizabeth von Arnim, has done much to shed light on the familial, personal and literary connections between these unlikely friends. Although their lives appeared to be very different (Mansfield’s largely one of penurious poor health, von Arnim’s chiefly one of robust privilege), we know that each of these women experienced the other as an influential presence. Moreover, Mansfield’s narrator in her early collection of short stories, In a German Pension (1911), bears marked resemblances with the protagonist of Elizabeth and her German Garden (1898), and von Arnim’s most radical novel, Vera (1921), was written at the height of her friendship with Mansfield. The final letter Mansfield ever wrote was to von Arnim and, following Mansfield's death in 1923, John Middleton Murry dedicated his posthumous collection of Mansfield’s poems as follows: ‘To Elizabeth of the German Garden who loved certain of these poems and their author’. This volume brings together contributions from leading scholars including Bonnie Kime Scott, Angela Smith and Andrew Thacker, including the prize-winning essay by Juliane Römhild and creative contributions from New Zealand writers Sarah Laing and Nina Powles.

scholarly journals Urban Compression: Incremental Strategies for Achieving Suburban Densification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tegan Wardle
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
Spatial Strategies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Accessory Dwelling Units ◽  
Incremental Housing ◽  
Over Time

<p>Background:  Sprawling, car related development dominates and destroys natural landscapes and productive farm land at the edges of urban centres. Yet, suburbs continue to grow outwards to meet New Zealanders’ preferences for stand-alone housing and keep up with increasing housing demand, while existing dwellings are demolished to make way for new developments.  Research objectives:  This research aims to investigate the implications of building dwellings incrementally to achieve gradual densification within New Zealand suburbs, reducing the need for green field development, and slowing urban sprawl. The objective of this research is to determine how incremental housing strategies could enable suburbs to continue to grow, however in density rather than sprawl, through the design of accessory dwelling units that can be added to existing sites and developed over time.  Research method:  Built and proposed incremental housing projects are reviewed to determine existing strategies and their suitability for creating buildings that are able to grow over time. Literature is reviewed to identify current preferences and priorities for suburban living, strategies for sustainable suburban development and current provisions within district plans for achieving denser suburbs. Siteless and site responsive architectural strategies for incremental accessory dwelling units are developed through iterative massing and plan studies to generate a wide range of potential solutions at each stage of development, continually reflecting on and progressing with the most successful options.  Potential Implications:  The development of spatial strategies for incrementally built accessory dwelling units that could facilitate long term densification in the New Zealand suburban context while reducing the need for the demolition and redevelopment of existing residential sites.</p>

scholarly journals Telling the Truth about People's China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alistair Shaw
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>This work is a discussion of the history of the construction and propagation over time (1949- 2002), by New Zealanders, of positive images of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This was done primarily through the New Zealand China Friendship Society. The thesis also looks at China-aligned communist parties, students who went on New Zealand University Students'  Association study tours in the 1970s, and key interlocutors such as Rewi Alley. These other groups had cross-membership with the NZCFS but differing engagements with China. The images propagated by the New Zealanders altered over time in response to changes in the PRC, developments in New Zealand, and shifting characteristics amongst the people who were engaged in the practice of producing images of the PRC. The thesis looks at how these observers of the PRC, and the organisations which they are combined, are themselves created, and see themselves, in relation to their process of viewing the PRC. This idea of a shifting sense of China and the changing sense of self is explored using a range of ideas. These include ideology, subjectivity, concepts of truth and practices of truth-telling. The thesis is an attempt to provide a sympathetic reading of a wide range of material and trying to understand what the PRC has meant at different times, in different circumstances and to different people. Accounts of the PRC are examined contextually. This involves the re-reading of a range of texts that have 'written' the PRC for those New Zealanders who, in different circumstances, have themselves been sympathetic to projections of successes taking place in the PRC.</p>

scholarly journals Telling the Truth about People's China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alistair Shaw
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Over Time ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>This work is a discussion of the history of the construction and propagation over time (1949- 2002), by New Zealanders, of positive images of the People's Republic of China (PRC). This was done primarily through the New Zealand China Friendship Society. The thesis also looks at China-aligned communist parties, students who went on New Zealand University Students'  Association study tours in the 1970s, and key interlocutors such as Rewi Alley. These other groups had cross-membership with the NZCFS but differing engagements with China. The images propagated by the New Zealanders altered over time in response to changes in the PRC, developments in New Zealand, and shifting characteristics amongst the people who were engaged in the practice of producing images of the PRC. The thesis looks at how these observers of the PRC, and the organisations which they are combined, are themselves created, and see themselves, in relation to their process of viewing the PRC. This idea of a shifting sense of China and the changing sense of self is explored using a range of ideas. These include ideology, subjectivity, concepts of truth and practices of truth-telling. The thesis is an attempt to provide a sympathetic reading of a wide range of material and trying to understand what the PRC has meant at different times, in different circumstances and to different people. Accounts of the PRC are examined contextually. This involves the re-reading of a range of texts that have 'written' the PRC for those New Zealanders who, in different circumstances, have themselves been sympathetic to projections of successes taking place in the PRC.</p>

scholarly journals A Simulation Survey of Galaxy Interactions

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 565-568
Author(s):  
G. Byrd ◽  
W. Keel ◽  
S. Howard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Interacting Galaxies ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Galaxy Interactions ◽  
Detailed Modelling ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Survey Approach ◽  
Over Time

Many carefully selected samples of interacting galaxies have been observed expensively in attempts to clarify whether interaction produces activity in galaxies. Because the sample members represent a wide range of encounter parameters and times, one can then study whether there are correlations between observable encounter features and, for example, Seyfert activity. On the other hand, in theoretical studies, simulations typically deal with either time-consuming detailed modelling of single galaxy pairs or tracing a few model encounters over time. We are extending the observational survey approach by combining it with a simulation survey.

scholarly journals The need to synthesise industry academy ambitions

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Green
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
The Other ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Hard Place

Journalism education in Australia, as it seems in New Zealand, finds itself between a rock and a hard place. On the one hand universities find themselves under pessure to provide courses that meet industry demands and enhance job success rates; on the other hand journalists seek to be recognised as professionals for a wide range of reasons. Among those reasons is the desire to raise the credibility of journalism in the public perception and the need to argue for higer rates of pay and improved conditions.

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