Sinhala New Year: The Banku Rabana and its Relationship to Food Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-250
Author(s):  
G.A.C. Sri Palitha
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Percussion Instrument ◽  
Village Life ◽  
Communication Methods ◽  
Rough Outline

The main livelihood of Sri Lankan village life is the agricultural industry centered on the rice plant. This culture has incorporated a sub-culture surrounding food sprouting from this as well. Throughout history, the harvest brought home has been consumed in a festive setting. This is most clearly seen in the month of April, with the dawn of the New Year. The banku rabana is a traditional percussion instrument that is 3-4 feet in diameter and is made to represent the sun. Played by four individuals sitting around the rabana this is a custom spread island wide with variations indigenous to regions. This is a qualitative study through which the following aims are discussed. First, a rough outline of the traditional New Year festival and the significance of the banku rabana. Then, the communication methods involving the banku rabana, the different playing styles and related vocal verses as well as their hidden meanings were investigated. Finally, the aspects of food culture brought out through the banku rabana are discussed. Discussions and field observations were carried out as primary sources. Furthermore, experience in the field of Ayurveda medicine and food culture was used as a primary source here. The secondary sources used were studying the relevant texts on the topics relevant to the research. This culture is an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Sri Lanka.

Using Sources In History Teaching

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Seema S.Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
History Teaching ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The World ◽  
Source Materials

History is constructed by people who study the past. It is created through working on both primary and secondary sources that historians use to learn about people, events, and everyday life in the past. Just like detectives, historians look at clues, sift through evidence, and make their own interpretations. Historical knowledge is, therefore, the outcome of a process of enquiry. During last century, the teaching of history has changed considerably. The use of sources, viz. textual, visual, and oral, in school classrooms in many parts of the world has already become an essential part of teaching history. However, in India, it is only a recent phenomenon. Introducing students to primary sources and making them a regular part of classroom lessons help students develop critical thinking and deductive reasoning skills. These will be useful throughout their lives. This paper highlights the benefits of using primary source materials in a history classroom and provides the teacher, with practical suggestions and examples of how to do this.

scholarly journals Relasi Kuasa Ulama Sufi dan Negara dalam Kultur-Budaya Politik Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Rubaidi Rubaidi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
The People ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Public Sphere

This article examines the critical role of the dimensions of Sufism represented by Sufi ulama in the public sphere (political power) state, either directly or indirectly. In Indonesian historicity, the relationship between Sufi ulama and the state has lasted centuries, even to the modern era. In political theory, there is a "descending of power" and an "ascending of power". Descending power is identical to religiopolitical power, namely power based on religion by placing Sufi scholars as representatives of the people and above the king's power. Power is interpreted as a political system that separates religion and state. This problematic relationship places Sufi ulama in a transcendent way to become part of the state both directly and remotely. Examples of ascending of power are shown clearly through the figures of Habib Lutfi bin Yahya and KH. Maimun Zubair (Mbah Maimun) is in the midst of a potential nation clash during the 2019 presidential election process. This study is based on secondary sources in related references and primary sources. The primary source is based on the thoughts of a Sufi teacher and the murshid of Majelis Shalawat Kubro, Shalawat Muhammad, and Shalawat Adlimiyah in East Java.

Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Boeke
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Sub Saharan

Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) is a branch of the al-Qaeda terrorist movement that is active in the Sahel countries. It has been responsible for many attacks and hostage-takings in North as well as sub-Saharan Africa, and has targeted French and Western interests, as well as local governments (which are seen as stooges of the West). Although AQIM is continually in flux, this bibliography aims to provide initial pointers for historical research covering the group’s background and developments. Since much research and reporting on Sahel developments emanates from the Francophone world, this bibliography does not distinguish between French or English sources, and includes French articles and books that are worthy of study (but refers to the English translation if one is present). A recurrent challenge in terrorism research is the reliance on secondary sources, in part as a result of the limited availability of primary sources. This also applies to AQIM, and the bibliography starts by mentioning some of the primary sources available. Most secondary sources mentioned here are academic articles and think-tank reports. Few books have been written focusing solely on AQIM; those that have are often more journalistic than academic in nature, and some lack references. After listing several primary source works and avenues, this bibliography mentions articles covering the GIA and GSPC; AQIM’s ancestral roots. The next section focuses on academic works that analyze AQIM between its official inception in 2006 and the start of the Malian crisis of 2012. This cutoff date is important, as the group temporarily became the governing authority in northern Mali, effectively running its own “Islamic State.” Then the article focuses on the nexus between terrorism and crime, mentioning works that explore this theme for AQIM. One section subsequently focuses on the period 2012–2018, while another examines counterterrorism operations deployed in the Sahel. Finally, several ancillary works that cover AQIM—but not as the primary subject—are mentioned. Here the emphasis might lie elsewhere (e.g., local politics, Tuareg history, political Islam), but these works still offer valuable insights for the study of AQIM.

How One Mistake Leads to Another: On the Importance of Verification/Replication

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemus Ward
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Retirement Decisions ◽  
Federal Statute ◽  
Federal Judges

It is impossible to overstate the importance of doing original research based on primary source material in scientific analysis (see, for example, King 1995). Failing to consult primary sources, and by definition relying on secondary sources, can lead to incorrect analyses and mistaken conclusions. An exemplary case is the apparent mystery of whether justices strategically retire and exactly when Congress passed legislation allowing federal judges to retire with benefits upon reaching age 65. One study cited 1937 as the year and based its analysis of judicial retirement on this “fact” (Abraham 1975). Subsequent studies cited the original piece without ever checking the original data—in this case a federal statute—and “replicated” the same mistaken analyses (see Atkinson 1999). In fact, the actual year this legislation was passed was 1954. This 17-year error not only makes a significant difference in the analysis of judicial retirement decisions, but also shows the importance of verification and replication in political research.

On the Effects of International Economic Sanctions, With Examples from the Case of Rhodesia

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Galtung
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Economic Sanctions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Know How ◽  
Secondary Sources

It may seem preposterous to write about the effects of the economic sanctions currently in effect against Rhodesia since the process is not yet completed: we do not know how it will all end, and primary source material of a crucial nature is not yet available. But the purpose of this article is more in the direction of a general theory, using the case of Rhodesia as a source of examples and illustrations. The material on Rhodesia included here consists of some secondary sources, such as books and articles, and some primary sources, such as documents and other printed material; but the basic sources are mainly personal observation and a number of informal interviews with Rhodesian citizens (mostly businessmen) and with citizens of other African countries (mostly politicians), all dating from January 1966, about two months after UDI.

scholarly journals Pemikiran Pendidikan Karakter Ibn Miskawaih (Telaah Filosofis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-247
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ihwani ◽  
Muhammad Noupal ◽  
Ari Sandi
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Unit Processing

This study aims to analyze the concept of character education according to Ibn Miskawaih in a philosophical perspective with a focus on studies from the side of ontology, epistemology, and axiology. The research method used is the library research method. Sources of literature in this study consist of primary sources and secondary sources. The primary source of literature is the book of tahzib al-Akhlak, and the secondary source is references related to character education such as other books from Ibn Miskawaih's essays, journals, or proceedings. Data analysis begins with unit processing, categorization, and ends with data interpretation. The results showed that ontologically, character education is an effort to curb the three forces that exist in the human soul, so that all body activities become good and spontaneous without the need for prior consideration. Epistemologically, the character education method includes willpower, self-introspection, thariqun thabi'iyyah and opposition methods. Axiologically, character education boils down to the middle path (al-wasath), with main virtues such as al-hikmah (wisdom), al-'iffah (maintaining self-purity), as-Saja'ah (courage) and al-'adalah ( justice).

Parliamentary party discipline and tactics: the Fianna Fáil archives, 1926–32

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (120) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunan O’Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Party Discipline ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Fianna Fail ◽  
Academic Study

Academic study of the development of Irish political parties has been hampered by a shortage of primary source material available to historians and political scientists. This is because the headquarters records of parties, where they have survived, are generally fragmentary and ill-organised, and because few national politicians or party organisers have left papers for research.The shortage of primary sources on the major political parties is reflected in the standard academic works dealing with their development, from Maurice Manning’s Irish political parties (1972) and Michael Gallagher’s The Irish Labour Party in transition, 1957–1982 (1982) to Richard Dunphy’s recent The making of Fianna Fáil power in Ireland (1995). These are largely based on secondary sources, on interviews, and on the private papers of individual politicians. Where scholars have had access to party records, furthermore, it has generally been on an informal and improvised basis. It was in such circumstances that John Bowman, while preparing De Valera and the Ulster question, 1917–1973 (1982), and Dermot Keogh, while researching Ireland and Europe, 1919–1948 (1988), were given sight of some of the records of the Fianna Fail national executive committee and the parliamentary party.

Re-invention through Recycling: Tharanga Beraya

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
W.M.D.A.L.B. Tilakaratna
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Modern Application ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Audio Video

Sri Lanka is a country where the coconut plant (Cocos nuceifera) is of utmost importance to daily activities. However, while the coconut fruit is used in meals every day, the shell is usually discarded in modern times. This is a case study that aims to investigate the modern application of the usually discarded object, the coconut shell, within a musical instrument and the quality and feasibility of such a musical instrument. First, the importance of the coconut plant in Sri Lankan culture and daily life is to be discussed, through which, the historic application of coconut shells as a raw material to construct musical instruments is to be investigated. Leading on to question the modern use of coconut shells as such, a selected instrument, the tharanga beraya was then investigated. Finally, comparisons of this to the traditional percussion instrument, the thammattama, was considered. While this research is qualitative in nature, discussions and field observations were used as a primary source and the relevant texts and articles on matters were used as secondary sources of information. Audio-video techniques were used to document the relevant data. Conclusions and thoughts on the future for this instrument were brought out in the end.

Integration of Digital Primary Sources

2011 ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Fry ◽  
David C. Ensminger
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
Higher Order Thinking Skills ◽  
The Public ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
K 12

At the end of the twentieth century, the Library of Congress (LOC) began archival digitization of its holdings in order to share its rich collections with the public. The digitization process has made available, via the internet, over ten million items, many of which are primary source items (LOC, 2006, para. 5). These digital primary sources are defined by the LOC (2006) as “actual records that have survived from the past, like letters, photographs, articles of clothing and music. They are different from secondary sources, which are accounts of events written sometime after they happened” (para.4). As result of the digitization process, access to these primary sources is no longer limited to people physically present at the Library of Congress. Additionally, other libraries and organizations have begun to digitize and make their primary sources available to the public via the internet. We have listed the URLs of several of these organizations at the end of this article. The ease of accessibility through the internet creates an opportunity for teachers within K-12 settings to begin integrating these digital primary sources into the classroom. This article discusses the research on primary sources in the classroom, defines primary source-based instruction (PSBI), connects practices used in PSBI to higher order thinking skills, and offers examples of PSBI practices.

scholarly journals Women Migrant Workers in Fiqh Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
L. Lutfiyah ◽  
Nurdien Harry Kistanto ◽  
Muhammad Akmaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Library Research

<p><span>The purpose of this study is to find information about the law of a wife to be a migrant worker from the perspective of fiqh. This study is qualitative research using library research and uses the fiqh approach. Data sources come from primary and secondary sources. The primary source functions as the main source, obtained by tracing the book of jurisprudence by analyzing the content (content analysis). Secondary sources function to support primary sources obtained through books, journals, and other important documents. The result is that the husband must rethink to permit wives who want to become migrant workers. Changes in Islamic law against migrant workers can occur if they meet the requirements including time, place, intention, and custom. The proof of <em>sadd al-dhari'ah</em> serves to inhibit the rate of sending women migrant workers.</span></p>

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