scholarly journals Brain Network Connectivity and Association with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphism in Korean Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 925-933
Author(s):  
Jeong Ha Park ◽  
Young Don Son ◽  
Yeni Kim ◽  
Doug Hyun Han
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective We sought to determine if the links between and within the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAT) exhibited different conditions according to catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism in relationship to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms.Methods Fifty-seven children with ADHD and 48 healthy controls (HCs) were administered an intelligence test, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Korean ADHD rating scale, and continuous performance test. Resting-state brain functional MRI scans were obtained, and COMT genotyping was performed to distinguish valine carriers and methionine homozygotes.Results Compared to controls, children with ADHD showed increased ADHD scale scores, increased visual commission errors, and increased functional connectivity (FC) within the DMN and DAT. Compared to all children with ADHD, children with the methionine homozygote and those who were valine carriers showed increased FC within the DMN and DAT and decreased FC between the DMN and DAT. FC within the DMN was also increased in HC valine carriers compared to HC children with the methionine homozygote, and in children with ADHD who were valine carriers compared to HC valine carriers.Conclusion We observed increased brain connectivity within the DMN and DAT and altered brain connectivity within and between the DMN and DAT associated with COMT polymorphism in children with ADHD.

Possible association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and attempted suicide in adolescents – A pilot study

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Manor ◽  
I. Gutnik ◽  
D.H. Ben-Dor ◽  
A. Apter ◽  
J. Sever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Psychiatric Emergency Room ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties ◽  
High Comorbidity

AbstractObjectiveBoth adolescent suicide and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are troubling phenomena with high comorbidity, including impulsivity, depression and personality disorders (PD). Studies on the association between these two phenomena are relatively rare. This pilot study's aim was to estimate the rate of ADHD in adolescents attempting suicide.MethodSubjects constituted consecutive admissions to the psychiatric emergency room (ER) who were admitted as a result of attempting suicide. Assessment included the use of the Kiddie-SADS, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the Conners’ Rating Scale (CRS). Those diagnosed as suffering from ADHD were assessed by a standardized Continuous Performance Test (Test of Variables of Attention [TOVA]) that included methylphenidate (MPH) challenge. Twenty-three (23) adolescents completed the study. M:F ratio was 5:18, respectively.ResultsOf the 23 participants who completed the study, 65% were diagnosed with ADHD, 43.5% with depression and 39% with cluster B PD. ADD/ADHD ratio was 66%:34%. Only five of the patients were formerly diagnosed as ADHD, only three had been medicated and 14 out of 15 adolescents responded well to MPH challenge.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest a significant association between ADHD and suicidal behavior in adolescents. Further study is needed to establish this association and assess the causality.

Association of the GRIN2B rs2284411 polymorphism with methylphenidate response in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna I Kim ◽  
Jae-Won Kim ◽  
Jong-Eun Park ◽  
Subin Park ◽  
Soon-Beom Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Clinical Global Impression ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Commission Errors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: We investigated the possible association between two NMDA subunit gene polymorphisms (GRIN2B rs2284411 and GRIN2A rs2229193) and treatment response to methylphenidate (MPH) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A total of 75 ADHD patients aged 6–17 years underwent 6 months of MPH administration. Treatment response was defined by changes in scores of the ADHD-IV Rating Scale (ADHD-RS), clinician-rated Clinical Global Impression—Improvement (CGI-I), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT). The association of the GRIN2B and GRIN2A polymorphisms with treatment response was analyzed using logistic regression analyses. Results: The GRIN2B rs2284411 C/C genotype showed significantly better treatment response as assessed by ADHD-RS inattention ( p=0.009) and CGI-I scores ( p=0.009), and there was a nominally significant association in regard to ADHD-RS hyperactivity-impulsivity ( p=0.028) and total ( p=0.023) scores, after adjusting for age, sex, IQ, baseline Clinical Global Impression—Severity (CGI-S) score, baseline ADHD-RS total score, and final MPH dose. The GRIN2B C/C genotype also showed greater improvement at the CPT response time variability ( p<0.001). The GRIN2A G/G genotype was associated with a greater improvement in commission errors of the CPT compared to the G/A genotype ( p=0.001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the GRIN2B rs2284411 genotype may be an important predictor of MPH response in ADHD.

scholarly journals Task-Related Brain Oscillation and Coherence Analysis Between High and Low Cognitive Proficiencies in Preschoolers With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chun Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chen ◽  
Chih-Hao Chang ◽  
Zuo-Cian Fan ◽  
Yang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Wireless Eeg

Abstract BackgroundEarly diagnosis and intervention is essential for children at risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). For preschool-age children with ADHD, who have heterogeneous neurobehavioral deficits, the continuous performance test and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) can facilitate clinical diagnosis. This study investigated EEG dynamics and task-based EEG coherence in preschoolers with ADHD, who exhibited varying cognitive proficiencies.MethodsThe participants comprised 54 preschoolers (aged 5–7 years), 18 and 16 of whom exhibited high and low cognitive proficiency (ADHD-H and ADHD-L, respectively). The remaining 20 children had typical development (TD). All the children underwent the Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test and wireless EEG recording under different task conditions (rest, fast, and slow). ResultsIn the slow-rate task condition, the task-related parietal delta power of preschoolers with ADHD-L was significantly higher than that of their peers with TD. In the fast-rate condition, the preschoolers with ADHD-L exhibited higher parietal delta and theta/beta ratio as well as lower parietal beta power than those with ADHD-H. Unlike those in the TD group, the alpha power values of the participants in both the ADHD groups declined from rest to the task conditions. Task- related EEG beta coherence was decreased in both ADHD groups, which were distinct with TD groups. ConclusionThe aforementioned findings suggest that task-related brain oscillations were related to cognitive proficiency in preschool children with ADHD. The novel wireless EEG system used was demonstrated to be convenient and highly suitable for clinical use in preschool children. The EEG profiles in the present study may contain specific neural biomarkers that can assist early detection, diagnosis, and clinical planning for the treatment of ADHD in preschool children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document