scholarly journals The Anxiety Status of Chinese Medical Workers During the Epidemic of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Pan ◽  
Liqing Zhang ◽  
Jiyang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Retrieval Time ◽  
National Norm ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Database Construction ◽  
The Difference

Objective To analysis the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19 by meta-analysis method.Methods CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar and other databases were searched to collect literature on the anxiety status of Chinese medical workers during the epidemic of COVID-19. The retrieval time is from the database construction to 11/03/2020. Meta-analysis was performed on the included articles by using Stata 16.0 software.Results A total of 7 articles were included, with a total sample size of 7,741 people. Meta-analysis using the random effects model showed that the anxiety score of Chinese medical during the epidemic of COVID-19 was significantly higher than that of the national norm in each study, the difference was statistically significant [SMD (95% CI)=1.145 (0.705–1.584), p<0.001].Conclusion The anxiety level of Chinese medical workers has increased significantly during the epidemic of COVID-19.

Setting Doesn’t Matter Much

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Becker ◽  
Marco Koch ◽  
Johannes Schult ◽  
Frank M. Spinath
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Current Testing ◽  
Population Effect ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Testing Practice ◽  
Diagnostic Setting

Abstract. This study deals with the effects of the diagnostic setting on the performance in intelligence tests. We conducted a meta-analysis in which k = 30 samples with a total sample size of N = 2,448 were integrated. We compared results for the same intelligence tests administered either in a group or in an individual setting. The main analysis indicated a small mean population effect [ M( g) = 0.085] that was not significant [−0.036 ≤  M( g) ≤ 0.206]. Nevertheless, moderator analyses indicated a stronger [ M( g) = 0.193] and significant [0.087 ≤  M( g) ≤ 0.298] effect in favor of individual settings for studies employing a between-person design. Setting effects in within-person designs were most likely superimposed by retest effects. As the setting effect was very small, the current testing practice in which results obtained in group and individual settings are treated as interchangeable is not overly problematic. However, our results encourage test developers to examine setting effects before stating that results obtained in different settings are equivalent. Between-person designs using participants of comparable ability are most suitable in this context as retest effects can be ruled out.

scholarly journals The effect of smoke-free legislation on the mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gao ◽  
Yanyu Li ◽  
Fugang Wang ◽  
Shengfa Zhang ◽  
Zhiyong Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Risk Estimates

Abstract Background Several studies have demonstrated that smoke-free legislation is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study aimed to examine and quantify the potential effect of smoke-free legislation on AMI mortality rate in different countries. Methods Studies were identified using a systematic search of the scientific literature from electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), from their inception through September 30, 2017. A random effects model was employed to estimate the overall effects of smoke-free legislation on the AMI mortality rate. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore the possible causes of heterogeneity in risk estimates based on sex and age. The results of meta-analysis after excluding the studies with a high risk of bias were reported in this study. Results A total of 10 eligible studies with 16 estimates of effect size were included in this meta-analysis. Significant heterogeneity in the risk estimates was identified (overall I2 = 94.6%, p < 0.001). Therefore, a random effects model was utilized to estimate the overall effect of smoke-free legislation. There was an 8% decline in AMI mortality after introducing smoke-free legislation (RR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90–0.94). The results of subgroup analyses showed that smoke-free legislation was significantly associated with lower rates of mortality for the following 5 diagnostic subgroups: smoke-free in workplaces, restaurants and bars (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90–0.95), smaller sample size (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95), study location in Europe (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85–0.94), regional study area (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.94), and no previous local smoke-free legislation (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.90–0.93). However, there was not much difference in AMI mortality rates after the legislation between the longer (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.98) and shorter follow-up duration subgroups (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.94). Conclusion Smoke-free legislation could significantly reduce the AMI mortality rate by 8%. The reduction in the AMI mortality rate was more significant in studies with more comprehensive laws, without prior smoke-free bans, with a smaller sample size, at the regional level, and with a location in Europe.

scholarly journals The relationship between the perception of justice in the organization and the intention to leave the organization: Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-117
Author(s):  
Katarina Milić
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this meta-analysis is to examine the connection between distributive and procedural justice and the intention to leave the organization by quantitative synthesis of available empirical papers that meet the defined criteria. 126 papers have been found through the search of the literature, out of which 58 studies met all the defined criteria. After summing up all studies that had data on the correlation between distributive justice and the intention to leave the organization, the total sample size equals 20068, while the total sample size of studies that had data on the correlation between procedural justice and the intention to leave the organization equals 17901. The results show that distributive and procedural justice are significantly, negatively correlated to the intention to leave the organization and that this connection is of moderate intensity. Examination of the file-drawer effect has shown that there was no bias in the selection of studies which will be included in the process of meta-analysis. Since the results have shown that there is a very large heterogeneity between the studies that have entered the process of meta-analysis, the moderating effect of the category of the journal in which the studies have been published was examined as well. The results have shown that the weighted magnitudes of the effects do not differ with respect to the category of the journal in which the studies have been published.

scholarly journals Effect of Reflexology in Treating Cancer Pain: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhila Najafpour ◽  
Kamran Shayanfard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Patients With Cancer

Context: Pain is a common symptom associated with cancer and its treatment. The conventional treatment does not often relieve cancer pain optimally. The complementary therapies are increasingly used as adjunct therapy alongside pharmacological and conventional treatments in patients. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the existing evidence for reflexology effect on cancer pain through a meta-analysis. Data Sources: In this systematic review, electronic databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PubMed were searched to find relevant studies until December 2018. Study Selection: We included before-after studies and trials of interventions that focused on pain management using reflexology modality as an intervention in patients with cancer regardless of cancer type. The effect of reflexology for patients with cancer pain was investigated as the main outcome. Data Extraction: The extracted information included name of authors, year of publication, study location, type of study, sample size, and outcome indicator. Consensus was reached by discussion in case of disagreement during each stage of selection, qualitative assessment, and extraction of data. We assessed heterogeneity using the I2 statistics. The publication bias was explored using the Egger’s and the funnel plot. We meta-analyzed the data and reported the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effects model. Meta-analysis was done using the Revman software. Results: Eight studies with 948 participants were analyzed using a random- effects model meta-analysis. Included studies consisted of five randomized clinical trials, one quasi-experimental, and two pre-post design. We observed a positive effect for reflexology in patients with cancer pain compared with usual care (SMD- 0.55 [95% CI-0.82 to 0.21] P < 0.001). Conclusions: This systematic review provides sufficient evidence for the effectiveness of reflexology as an effective treatment in cancer pain. But we recommend conducting studies with larger sample size, well-designed trials with sufficient duration and longer follow-up periods with clear details about reflex practitioners, duration of intervention, instrument for pain assessment, and outcome. Meanwhile, patients should be adequately monitored and adverse effects should be reported. All of the aforementioned issues might affect the impact of reflexology adjuvant treatment.

Farmers Sustainability and Social Justice: Evidences of Land Inequalities in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-238
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Fragmentation Index ◽  
State Economy

The present study is an attempt to inspect the aspect of social justice among the farmers in terms of fragmented land and farmers’ distress in Uttar Pradesh. The data were obtained through field survey via interview scheduled. A sample of 80 respondents from each targeted village namely, Jansar, Sithauli, Charsoni, and Jonai were selected from each region of Uttar Pradesh state economy. Thus, the study used a total sample size of 320 samples. Simmons index (1968) for canvassing the land fragmentation index (LFI) was applied in the Uttar Pradesh context. Further distress was measured via the help of ratios. It flaunted causes and degrees of distress were relatively high among marginal and small farmers. The result of LFI confirms that high fragmentation was a cause of subsistence income among marginal and small farms compared to semi-medium, and medium farms.

Growth in Self-Actualization (Personal Orientation Inventory) in Adult Encounter Groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Les Beach
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation

To test the efficacy of the Personal Orientation Inventory in assessing growth in self-actualization in relation to encounter groups and to provide a more powerful measure of such changes, pre- and posttest data from 3 highly comparable encounter groups (N = 43) were combined for analysis. Results indicated that the Personal Orientation Inventory is a sensitive instrument for assessing personal growth in encounter groups and that a larger total sample size provides more significant results than those reported for small samples (e. g., fewer than 15 participants).

scholarly journals Gunshot Wounds to the Lumbosacral Spine: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 219256822110308
Author(s):  
Andrew Platt ◽  
Mostafa H. El Dafrawy ◽  
Michael J. Lee ◽  
Martin H. Herman ◽  
Edwin Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Operative Intervention ◽  
Lumbosacral Spine ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Significant Difference

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objectives: Indications for surgical decompression of gunshot wounds to the lumbosacral spine are controversial and based on limited data. Methods: A systematic review of literature was conducted to identify studies that directly compare neurologic outcomes following operative and non-operative management of gunshot wounds to the lumbosacral spine. Studies were evaluated for degree of neurologic improvement, complications, and antibiotic usage. An odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated for dichotomous outcomes which were then pooled by random-effects model meta-analysis. Results: Five studies were included that met inclusion criteria. The total rate of neurologic improvement was 72.3% following surgical intervention and 61.7% following non-operative intervention. A random-effects model meta-analysis was carried out which failed to show a statistically significant difference in the rate of neurologic improvement between surgical and non-operative intervention (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.45, 2.53; P = 0.88). In civilian only studies, a random-effects model meta-analysis failed to show a statistically significant difference in the rate of neurologic improvement between surgical and non-operative intervention (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.21, 2.72; P = 0.66). Meta-analysis further failed to show a statistically significant difference in the rate of neurologic improvement between patients with either complete (OR 4.13; 95% CI 0.55, 30.80; P = 0.17) or incomplete (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.10, 1.52; P = 0.17) neurologic injuries who underwent surgical and non-operative intervention. There were no significant differences in the number of infections and other complications between patients who underwent surgical and non-operative intervention. Conclusions: There were no statistically significant differences in the rate of neurologic improvement between those who underwent surgical or non-operative intervention. Further research is necessary to determine if surgical intervention for gunshot wounds to the lumbosacral spine, including in the case of retained bullet within the spinal canal, is efficacious.

P–022 Improvement in sperm concentration and motility after oral antioxidant supplementation in infertile men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair: systematic review and meta-analys

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Ioannidou ◽  
J Bosdou ◽  
D Papanikolaou ◽  
D Goulis ◽  
A Lambropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Single Study

Abstract Study question Does oral antioxidant supplementation improve sperm quality in infertile men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair? Summary answer Oral antioxidant supplementation improves sperm concentration and motility in infertile men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair. What is known already: Benefit from oral antioxidant supplementation has been shown in infertile men with varicocele following surgical repair. Similarly, oral antioxidant supplementation has been suggested in infertile men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair. However, its effect currently remains controversial. Study design, size, duration A literature search was performed until January 2021 aiming to identify prospective studies evaluating the use of oral antioxidant supplementation alone or in combination in men with varicocele who have not undergone surgical repair. Participants/materials, setting, methods Seven prospective studies were identified, published between 1987 and 2018, including 278 infertile men with varicocele who had not undergone surgical repair. The number of patients included ranged from 20 to 65. Sperm analysis, evaluating sperm concentration, motility and morphology was performed in these studies before and after oral antioxidant supplementation. Meta-analysis of weighted data was performed using random effects model. Results are reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Main results and the role of chance Seven studies were included in the systematic review. Oral antioxidant supplementation was performed by a combination of pentoxifylline, zinc and folic acid (single study), a combination of l-carnitine, fumarate, acetyl-l-carnitine, fructose, CoQ, vitamin C, zinc, folic acid and vitamin B12 (single study), a combination of L-Carnitine, vitamin C, coenzyme Q10, vitamin E, vitamin B9, vitamin B12, zinc , and selenium, l-carnitine (single study), or sole treatment with acetyl-l-carnitine (single study), L-Carnitine (single study), Coenzyme Q10 (single study) or zinc sulfate (single study). For the purpose of meta-analysis, the effect of oral antioxidant supplementation was evaluated after three months of treatment. Oral antioxidant supplementation significantly increased sperm concentration (WMD +5.65x106/ml 95% CI: +1.11 to + 10.12 p = 0.01, random effects model) and motility (WMD +4.30%, 95% CI: +0.86 to + 7.74 p = 0.01, random effects model) in infertile men with varicocele who had not undergone surgical repair. On the other hand, no significance difference was observed in sperm morphology (WMD +3.9%, 95% CI: –0.16 to + 8.04 p = 0.06, random effects model) and volume (WMD +0.53ml, 95% CI: 0.0 to + 1.0 p = 0.052, random effects model). Limitations, reasons for caution The number of relevant trials and that of patients included is small to allow for solid conclusions to be drawn. Moreover, although different oral antioxidants have been administered in infertile who had not undergone surgical repair, subgroup analysis was not feasible. Wider implications of the findings: Currently, limited evidence supports the use of oral antioxidants in the treatment of men with varicocele, who have not undergone surgical repair. Although the benefit in sperm concentration and motility appears to be modest, it might be important regarding achievement of pregnancy in these men. Trial registration number Not applicable

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