scholarly journals Effect of feed water composition and pretreatment on the irrigation water for boron-sensitive crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enver GÜLER
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Composition

scholarly journals The Impact of Water Loss by Evaporation and Calcite Precipitation on the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) and an Alternative Method of Estimating the SAR of Irrigation Drainage Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiyu Zhou ◽  
William Bleam ◽  
Douglas Soldat
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Calcite Precipitation ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Irrigation Drainage ◽  
The Impact

Soil water loss by evaporation influences the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of irrigation drainage water. Evaporation concentrates sodium and magnesium but calcite precipitation has a more complicated effect on soluble calcium and alkalinity. Here we propose a revised sodicity hazard assessment that quantifies the impact of evaporative water loss and calcite precipitation on drainage water SAR. This paper shows sodicity hazard is determined by the initial composition of irrigation water as originally suggested by previous researchers, and provide a simple, accurate way to identify the potential sodicity hazard of any irrigation water. In particular, the initial equivalent concentration of alkalinity and calcium determine the salinization pathway followed during evaporation. If the irrigation water alkalinity exceeds soluble calcium expressed as equivalent concentrations, drainage water SAR approaches an upper limit determined by the initial relative concentration of sodium and magnesium. If irrigation water alkalinity is less than soluble calcium, drainage water SAR approaches a lower limit determined by the initial calcium, magnesium and sodium. In both cases the SAR is scaled by the square root of the concentration factor √Fc quantifying soil water loss. To assess the impact of evaporation and calcite precipitation on the SAR and test the accuracy of the new sodicity hazard assessment, we evaluated data from previously published lysimeter studies. We plotted water composition boundaries for each source water, comparing these boundaries to the drainage water composition recorded in the lysimeter studies. As salinity increased by evaporation, each drainage water followed a distinct salinization path.

scholarly journals A study of the effect of irrigation water composition on soil properties

Hilgardia ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Babcock ◽  
R. M. Carlson ◽  
R. K. Schulz ◽  
R. Overstreet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Composition

Use of Soil, Water and Leaf Analyses in Growing Oranges in Jordan

1967 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Allbrook
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Jordan Valley ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Soil And Water

SummarySoil, water and leaf analyses were carried out on samples from irrigated orchards in the Jordan Valley. Analysis of the soil for available phosphorus and potassium gave meaningful results. Analysis of the irrigation water showed that a high sodium and chloride content caused an increase of these ions in the soil, which led to undesirable effects such as chlorosis. Irrigation water class C3–S1 should only be used if there is an annual precipitation of about 300 mm. Leaf analysis showed changes in the composition of leaves with age, but only potassium varied significantly between varieties. Standards of leaf, soil and water composition are suggested for the growing of citrus.

scholarly journals Produced Water Desalination via Pervaporative Distillation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3560
Author(s):  
Jingbo Wang ◽  
Dian Tanuwidjaja ◽  
Subir Bhattacharjee ◽  
Arian Edalat ◽  
David Jassby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Salt Passage

Herein, we report on the performance of a hybrid organic-ceramic hydrophilic pervaporation membrane applied in a vacuum membrane distillation operating mode to desalinate laboratory prepared saline waters and a hypersaline water modeled after a real oil and gas produced water. The rational for performing “pervaporative distillation” is that highly contaminated waters like produced water, reverse osmosis concentrates and industrial have high potential to foul and scale membranes, and for traditional porous membrane distillation membranes they can suffer pore-wetting and complete salt passage. In most of these processes, the hard to treat feed water is commonly softened and filtered prior to a desalination process. This study evaluates pervaporative distillation performance treating: (1) NaCl solutions from 10 to 240 g/L at crossflow Reynolds numbers from 300 to 4800 and feed-temperatures from 60 to 85 °C and (2) a real produced water composition chemically softened to reduce its high-scale forming mineral content. The pervaporative distillation process proved highly-effective at desalting all feed streams, consistently delivering <10 mg/L of dissolved solids in product water under all operating condition tested with reasonably high permeate fluxes (up to 23 LMH) at optimized operating conditions.

scholarly journals Selection of membranes and reagents for membrane facilities operation to treat ground water

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1556-1569
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Golovesov ◽  
Galina Ya. Rudakova ◽  
Alexei G. Pervov ◽  
Dmitriy V. Spitsov
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Product Water

Introduction. New techniques to operate reverse osmosis facilities are presented as well as problems and disadvantages are discussed that vodocanals face with, such as: imported chemicals, high operational costs, low reliability, concentrate handling and disposal. Main reasons that cause problems are understood. Experiments are described that provide evaluation of reagents efficiencies and ways to significantly decrease concentrate flows and reduce operational costs. A newly developed approach is presented that uses nanofiltration membranes and enables us to reduce chemical, energy and concentrate discharge costs. Goals — the investigation of antiscaling efficiencies together with use of membranes with different properties to reduce operational costs due to low chemical dosing, low pressure and energy consumption. Materials and methods. Experiments are conducted to evaluate inhibiting efficiencies using different antiscalant doses and different membranes. Experimental method is describe to calculate rates of calcium carbonate formation as a function of coefficient K (Initial Volume Reduction coefficient) value. To provide economical comparison of different water treatment techniques, operational costs are evaluated depending on operational parameters, such as: coefficient K, working pressure antiscalant dose values as well as membrane type used. Results. Main relationships are obtained of calcium carbonate scaling rates that provide chemical consumption, concentrate flow rate and power consumption. Using two ground water compositions examples are calculated to predict product water composition for different membranes and of feed water and product water flows. Operational costs are calculated for both cases. Conclusions. To reduce hardness of the ground water nanofiltration membranes can be efficiently applied that ensures low operational costs of membrane facility. Application of nanofiltration membranes possess lower scaling propensities and therefore enables us to use smaller doses of aniscalants added to feed water. Despite the increased amount of membrane elements required to furnish membrane facility, the total operational costs amount is lower due to lower chemical costs (antiscalants and cleaning agents), energy costs as well as payments for concentrate disposal.

Lesquerella growth and selenium uptake affected by saline irrigation water composition

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Grieve ◽  
J.A. Poss ◽  
D.L. Suarez ◽  
D.A. Dierig
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Selenium Uptake

Effect of saline irrigation water composition on selenium accumulation by wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1443-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Grieve ◽  
Donald L. Suarez ◽  
Michael C. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Selenium Accumulation
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