scholarly journals High environmental temperature potentiated marker of oxidative cellular damage and renal expression of p38 MAPK in male rats fed a high salt diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-223
Author(s):  
Francis Muyiwa Agbaraolorunpo ◽  
Ahmed Kolade Oloyo ◽  
Adesina Paul Arikawe ◽  
Chikodi Nnanyelu Anigbogu ◽  
Olusoga Adekunle Sofola
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
High Environmental Temperature ◽  
Renal Expression

scholarly journals Fructose plus High-Salt Diet in Early Life Results in Salt-Sensitive Cardiovascular Changes in Mature Male Sprague Dawley Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Peter E. Levanovich ◽  
Charles S. Chung ◽  
Dragana Komnenov ◽  
Noreen F. Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Fructose and salt intake remain high, particularly in adolescents and young adults. The present studies were designed to evaluate the impact of high fructose and/or salt during pre- and early adolescence on salt sensitivity, blood pressure, arterial compliance, and left ventricular (LV) function in maturity. Male 5-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were studied over three 3-week phases (Phases I, II, and III). Two reference groups received either 20% glucose + 0.4% NaCl (GCS-GCS) or 20% fructose + 4% NaCl (FHS-FHS) throughout this study. The two test groups ingested fructose + 0.4% NaCl (FCS) or FHS during Phase I, then GCS in Phase II, and were then challenged with 20% glucose + 4% NaCl (GHS) in Phase III: FCS-GHS and FHS-GHS, respectively. Compared with GCS-GCS, systolic and mean pressures were significantly higher at the end of Phase III in all groups fed fructose during Phase I. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) was elevated at the end of Phase I in FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS (vs. GCS-GCS). At the end of Phase III, PWV and renal resistive index were higher in FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS vs. GCS-GCS. Diastolic, but not systolic, LV function was impaired in the FHS-GHS and FHS-FHS but not FCS-FHS rats. Consumption of 20% fructose by male rats during adolescence results in salt-sensitive hypertension in maturity. When ingested with a high-salt diet during this early plastic phase, dietary fructose also predisposes to vascular stiffening and LV diastolic dysfunction in later life.

Multiple blood pressure loci on rat chromosome 13 attenuate development of hypertension in the Dahl S hypertensive rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Moreno ◽  
Mary L. Kaldunski ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Richard J. Roman ◽  
Andrew S. Greene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Chromosome 13 ◽  
Congenic Strains ◽  
Multiple Blood

Previous studies have indicated that substitution of chromosome 13 of the salt-resistant Brown Norway BN/SsNHsdMcwi (BN) rat into the genomic background of the Dahl salt-sensitive SS/JrHsdMcwi (SS) rat attenuates the development of salt-sensitive hypertension and renal damage. To identify the regions within chromosome 13 that attenuate the development of hypertension during a high-salt diet in the SS rat, we phenotyped a series of overlapping congenic lines covering chromosome 13, generated from an intercross between the consomic SS-13BN rat and the SS rat. Blood pressure was determined in chronically catheterized rats after 2 wk of high-salt diet (8% NaCl) together with microalbuminuria as an index of renal damage. Four discrete regions were identified, ranging in size from 4.5 to 16 Mbp, each of which independently provided significant protection from hypertension during high-salt diet, reducing blood pressure by 20–29 mmHg. Protection was more robust in female than male rats in some of the congenic strains, suggesting a sex interaction with some of the genes determining blood pressure during high-salt diet. Among the 23 congenic strains, several regions overlapped. When three of the “protective” regions were combined onto one broad congenic strain, no summation effect was seen, obtaining the same decrease in blood pressure as with each one independently. We conclude from these studies that there are four regions within chromosome 13 containing genes that interact epistatically and influence arterial pressure.

Abstract P149: Bilateral Renal Denervation Attenuates Hypertension in Male Rats Deficient of Functional Endothelin B Receptors but Does Not Affect Salt-Sensitivity

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan K Becker ◽  
Amanda C Feagans ◽  
Chunhua Jin ◽  
David M Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Endothelin B ◽  
Renal Sympathetic

Independent studies of renal sympathetic nerves and the endothelin (ET) system have demonstrated important contributions of each in the progression of hypertension. Very few studies, however, have investigated the interaction between the ET system and renal nerves in relation to blood pressure control and electrolyte homeostasis. Although endothelin B (ETB) receptors in the renal medulla promote natriuresis, ETB receptors on sympathetic neurons are thought to increase neuronal activity. We hypothesized that renal denervation reduces blood pressure in a salt-sensitive, hypertensive model of ET dysfunction, the ETB-deficient (ETB-def) rat, which lacks functional ETB receptors in all tissues except neurons. After bilateral renal sympathetic denervation (Dnx) or sham operation of ETB-def and transgenic control (TG) rats, baseline blood pressure was recorded via telemetry for 5 days on a normal salt (0.49% NaCl) diet followed by a high salt (4.0%) diet. At baseline, ETB-def Dnx rats had a lower 24-hr systolic blood pressure (SBP) (152.6 ± 3.6 mmHg) relative to ETB-def sham (167.8 ± 2.6 mmHg; p < 0.005; n = 7/group). Denervation did not significantly affect TG rats relative to sham on normal salt (138.8 ± 2.5 vs. 144.7 ± 0.5 mmHg respectively; p = 0.53; n = 6/group). Following 10 days of high salt diet, ETB-def sham rats had an increased 24-hr SBP (+10.59 ± 2.8 mmHg relative to baseline; p < 0.005). There was a similar increase in SBP in ETB-def Dnx rats (+10.03 ± 2.3 mmHg relative to baseline; p < 0.005), although the ETB-def Dnx group remained lower than ETB-def sham. High salt had no effect on TG sham or Dnx animals (-2.2 ± 1.3 and -0.6 ± 2.8 mmHg relative to baseline). Preliminary evidence from a subset of the animals in this experiment indicated a dramatically reduced inner medullary ET-1 content in ETB-def sham rats vs. TG sham (97.9 ± 15.4 vs. 327.0 ± 25.4 ng/mg total protein; p < 0.005; n = 3-4/group) in both ETB-def and TG groups, Dnx tended to increase inner medullary ET-1 content (181.8 ± 75.8 and 402.7 ± 19.6 ng/mg total protein respectively). We conclude that in a model of ET dysfunction, the renal nerves are integral mediators of hypertension during normal salt diet, but do not mediate the increase in pressure following high salt diet in this model of salt-sensitive hypertension.

scholarly journals CYP2C11 played a significant role in down-regulating rat blood pressure under the challenge of a high-salt diet

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6807
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Danjuan Sui ◽  
Huanying Ye ◽  
Zhen Ouyang ◽  
Yuan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Renal Expression

Background Arachidonic acid (AA) is oxidized by cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), compounds that modulate ion transport, gene expression, and vasorelaxation. Both CYP2Cs and CYP2Js are involved in kidney EET epoxidation. Methods In this study, we used a CYP2C11-null rat model to explore the in vivo effects of CYP2C11 on vasorelaxation. For 2 months, CYP2C11-null and wild-type (WT) Sprague-Dawley rats were either fed normal lab (0.3% (w/w) sodium chloride) or high-salt (8% (w/w) sodium chloride) diets. Subsequently, an invasive method was used to determine blood pressure. Next, western blots, quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine renal expression of CYPs involved in AA metabolism. Results Among CYP2C11-null rats, a high-salt diet (females: 156.79 ± 15.89 mm Hg, males: 130.25 ± 16.76 mm Hg, n = 10) resulted in significantly higher blood pressure than a normal diet (females: 118.05 ± 8.43 mm Hg, P < 0.01; males: 115.15 ± 11.45 mm Hg, P < 0.05, n = 10). Compared with WT rats under the high-salt diet, western blots showed that CYP2C11-null rats had higher renal expression of CYP2J2 and CYP4A. This was consistent with the results of immunohistochemistry and the qPCR, respectively. The two rat strains did not differ in the renal expression of CYP2C23 or CYP2C24. Conclusion Our findings suggested that CYP2C11 plays an important role in lowering blood pressure under the challenge of a high-salt diet.

scholarly journals Effect of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension on Osmotic Fragility and Hemorheological Factors in Male Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
David Ehikhuemen Okonofua ◽  
Jerome Ndudi Asiwe ◽  
Kenneth Kelechi Anachuna ◽  
Emuesiri Goodies Moke ◽  
Kamaldeen Olalekan Sanusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Viscosity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Osmotic Fragility ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus is a common risk factor for erythrocyte osmotic stress. This study was aimed at exploring the effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus and salt-induced hypertension on osmotic fragility and hemorheological variables in male Wistar rats. Thirty male rats were grouped into five groups of six animals each as follows: negative control (zero salt in diet); positive control (normal salt diet - 0.3% salt); high salt diet (8% salt) (HSD only); STZ induced diabetes and normal salt diet (STZ only); STZ induced diabetes and high salt diet (STZ + HSD). At the end of a 4 weeks period, hematological variables, osmotic fragility, rheology and cardiovascular responses were assessed. There was an increase (p<0.05) in the mean arterial pressure and heart rate of HSD, STZ and HSD + STZ groups indicating a salt induced hypertension. There was a decrease in the body weight of STZ and HSD +STZ groups. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in the haematocrit, platelets estimates and fibrinogen concentrations in the experimental groups when compared with the controls. The STZ and STZ + HSD groups showed a reduced clotting time which corresponded to the increased platelet estimates and fibrinogen concentration. The increase in haematocrit, platelet and plasma protein resulted in the increased blood viscosity and a decreased flow rate. The osmotic fragility test was also observed to be increased (p<0.05) in HSD, STZ only and STZ + HSD groups. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension increase the rate of hemolysis of erythrocyte, as well as increase blood viscosity.

Abstract P335: Greater Reduction in Sympathetic Tone following ET B Receptor Blockade in Rats Lacking the Clock Gene Bmal1 during High Salt Diet

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jermaine G Johnston ◽  
Bryan K Becker ◽  
Chunhua Jin ◽  
David M Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clock Gene ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

The absence of diurnal oscillations in blood pressure is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The clock gene Bmal1 plays important roles in diurnal cardiovascular control as mice lacking Bmal1 have lower blood pressure and lack a diurnal rhythm. Our lab has previously reported a global Bmal1 knockout rat model that lacks a night-day difference in sodium excretion. Due to the importance of endothelin signaling in sodium homeostasis and autonomic tone, we sought to characterize the hemodynamic and autonomic responses of our Bmal1 knockout (KO) rat to high salt diet and endothelin receptor blockade. Male rats homozygous for the Bmal1 mutation (KO, n = 4) and wild type (WT, n = 7) littermate controls were implanted with telemetry transmitters to record blood pressure. After a recovery period of at least one week, the rats were placed on 7 days each of normal salt (0.49% NaCl) diet, high salt (4.0% NaCl) diet, followed by high salt diet containing the specific ET B receptor antagonist A192621 (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.). Rats were placed in metabolic cages for the last three days of each diet. Surprisingly, KO rats had a similar night-day difference in mean arterial pressure (MAP) as WT during normal salt diet (6.3 ± 0.4 vs. 6.9 ± 0.9 mmHg; respectively), high salt diet (7.1 ± 0.1 vs. 5.4 ± 0.9 mmHg; respectively), and high salt + A192621 (5.4 ± 0.4 vs. 4.8 ± 1.1 mmHg; respectively). KO and WT rats had similar 24-hr MAP during normal salt diet (104.1 ± 3.3 vs. 107.3 ± 1.2 mmHg; respectively), high salt diet (113.8 ± 4.1 vs. 114.0 ± 1.4 mmHg; respectively), and high salt + A192621 (136.3 ± 8.6 vs. 133.4 ± 3.1 mmHg; respectively). Despite these similar blood pressure responses to high salt diet and ET B antagonism, KO rats had a significantly greater reduction in vasomotor sympathetic to parasympathetic tone compared to WT rats as demonstrated by low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF) analysis of diastolic blood pressure variability (-0.9 ± 0.3 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2 ΔLF/HF relative to normal salt; respectively; p = 0.01). These results indicate that lack of Bmal1 may result in greater ET B receptor mediated vasomotor sympathetic tone in rats fed a high salt diet and that factors other than Bmal1 may be influential in circadian control of blood pressure in rats.

scholarly journals Salt-induced sympathoexcitation involves vasopressin V1a receptor activation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (11) ◽  
pp. R1369-R1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ribeiro ◽  
Helena do Nascimento Panizza ◽  
Karoline Martins dos Santos ◽  
Hildebrando C. Ferreira-Neto ◽  
Vagner Roberto Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Loading ◽  
Salt Diet

A high-salt diet can lead to hydromineral imbalance and increases in plasma sodium and osmolality. It is recognized as one of the major contributing factors for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a pivotal role in osmotically driven sympathoexcitation and high blood pressure, the precise mechanisms of which are not fully understood. Recent evidence indicates that AVP released from magnocellular neurons might be involved in this process. Using a combination of in vivo and in situ studies, we sought to investigate whether AVP, acting on PVN neurons, can change mean arterial pressure (MAP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in euhydrated male rats. Furthermore, we wanted to determine whether V1a receptors on PVN neurons would be involved in salt-induced sympathoexcitation and hypertension. In rats, 4 days of salt loading (NaCl 2%) elicited a significant increase in plasma osmolality (39 ± 7 mosmol/kgH2O), an increase in MAP (26 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), and sympathoexcitation compared with euhydrated rats. Microinjection of AVP into the PVN of conscious euhydrated animals (100 nl, 3 μM) elicited a pressor response (14 ± 2 mmHg) and a significant increase in lumbar SNA (100 nl, 1 mM) (19 ± 5%). Pretreatment with a V1a receptor antagonist, microinjected bilaterally into the PVN of salt-loaded animals, elicited a decrease in lumbar SNA (−14 ± 5%) and MAP (−19 ± 5 mmHg), when compared with the euhydrated group. Our findings show that AVP plays an important role in modulating the salt-induced sympathoexcitation and high blood pressure, via V1a receptors, within the PVN of male rats. As such, V1a receptors in the PVN might contribute to neurogenic hypertension in individuals consuming a high-salt diet.

scholarly journals Parkia biglobosa aqueous extract ameliorates risk markers of cardiometabolic diseases in spironolactone treated and high-salt fed Sprague-Dawley male rat

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewumi Oyabambi ◽  
Akinjide Akinnuga ◽  
Success Echibiri ◽  
Aminat Imam-Fulani ◽  
Abdulbasit Abdulsalam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases

Abstract Background: The numbers of people with salt-sensitive hypertension and cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are increasing due to high-salt diet (HSD) consumption globally. Parkia biglobosa (PB), an African locust bean tree, has been reported to have several cardiovascular protective properties but its ameliorative effects on CMD are scarcely reported. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effects of PB stem bark aqueous extract on some risk markers of CMD in weanling male rats subjected to HSD and Spironolactone (Sp) treatment.Twenty-five weanling male rats (95-105 g) were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 (Control); Group 2 (untreated HSD) fed on normal chow and HSD (8% NaCl); Group 3 (HSD+Sp); Group 4 (HSD+PB); Group 5 (HSD+Sp+PB) fed on HSD (8% NaCl) and received either 80 mg/kg of Sp or 400 mg/kg of PB and both as treatment, respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment, blood samples and heart were collected from each animal for biochemical analysis.Results: Administration of both PB and Sp or only PB, significantly decreased the plasma or cardiac adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, C-reactive protein, lipids (except high density lipoprotein), uric acid, sodium, and potassium concentrations. Contrarily, the plasma as well as cardiac nitric oxide and endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased significantly by the same treatment.Conclusion: Parkia biglobosa or its administration with Spironolactone ameliorates associated-risk markers of cardiometabolic disease which are triggered by high salt diet.

scholarly journals Gambaran Tekanan Darah Tikus Wistar Jantan dan Betina Setelah Pemberian Diet Tinggi Garam

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Mutia Lailani ◽  
Zulkarnain Edward ◽  
Rahmatina B Herman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test

AbstrakHipertensi masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia. Penyebabnya diduga berkaitan dengan diet tinggi garam. Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui gambaran tekanan darah tikus Wistar setelah pemberian diet tinggigaram. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan post-test only control group design. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan dan 10 ekor betina yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan (P). Diet tinggi garam (NaCl8%, 3ml/hari) diberikan pada kelompok P selama empat minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah yang bermakna pada kelompok P bila dibandingkan dengan kelompok K, yaitu tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) 191±17mmHg (P) dan 168±16mmHg (K) (p<0,05), tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) 162±17mmHg (P) dan 139±13mmHg (K) (p<0,05), tekanan arteri rata-rata (TAR) 176±17mmHg (P) dan 156±15mmHg (K) (p<0,05). Peningkatan TDS dan TDD hanya terjadi pada tikus jantan, tidak pada tikus betina. Pada tikus jantan TDS 185±13mmHg (P) dan 159±9mmHg (K) (p<0,05), TDD 159±18mmHg (P) dan 131±10mmHg (K) (p<0,05), TAR 172±16mmHg (P) dan 150±15mmHg (K) (p>0,05). Pada tikus betina TDS 197±19mmHg (P) dan 178±16mmHg (K) (p>0,05), TDD 165±18mmHg (P) dan 148±11mmHg (K) (p>0,05), TAR 181±18mmHg (P) dan 162±14mmHg (K) (p>0,05). Kesimpulan studi ini adalah peningkatan tekanan darah setelah pemberian diet tinggi garam hanya terjadi pada tikus jantan.Kata kunci: diet tinggi garam, tekanan darah, hipertensiAbstractHypertension remains a health problem in the world. The cause is believed to be related to the high-salt diet. The purpose of this studi was to describe the blood pressure of Wistar rats after administration of high-salt diet. This research was experimental with post-test only control group design. Ten male and ten female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: control group(K) and treated group(P). High-salt diet (8%NaCl, 3ml/day) was given to the P group for four weeks. Blood pressure increased significantly in group P compared to group K, systolic blood pressure (SBP) 191±17mmHg (P) and 168±16mmHg (K) in (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 162±17mmHg (P) and 139±13mmHg (K) in (p<0.05), mean arterial pressure (MAP) 176±17mmHg (P) and 156±15mmHg (K) in (p<0.05). The increase in SBP and DBP only occurred in male rats, not in female rats. In male rats, SBP were 185±13mmHg (P) and 159±9mmHg (K) in (p<0.05), DBP were 159±18mmHg (P) and 131±10mmHg (K) in (p<0.05), MAP were 172±16mmHg (P) and 150±15mmHg (K) in (p>0.05). In female rats, SBP were197±19mmHg (P) and 178±16mmHg (K) in (p>0.05), DBP were 165±18mmHg (P) and 148±11mmHg (K) in (p>0.05), MAP were 181±18mmHg (P) and 162±14mmHg (K) in (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is an increase of blood pressure after the administration of high-salt diet only occured in male rats.Keywords: high-salt diet, blood pressure, hypertension

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