scholarly journals ”But my own story was fading”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salla Rahikkala
Keyword(s):  
Swing Time

Tässä artikkelissa analysoidaan romaanin ja kertomusten rakentumisen kysymyksiä rinnakkain mustaan naissubjektiuteen liittyvien ongelmanasettelujen kanssa Zadie Smithin uusimmassa romaanissa Swing Time (2016). Romaani kuvaa moniulotteisesti todellisuutta ja subjektiutta määrittelemään pyrkivien kertomusten moneutta ja hajanaisuutta. Puntaroidessaan mustan naissubjektiuden konstruoinnin mahdollisuuksia romaanissa pohditaan samalla metanarratiivisesti kertomusten merkitystä postmodernismin/postmoderniteetin jälkeisessä kirjallisuudessa ja ajassa. Tarkastelu rakentuu neljän kertomuksia ja metanarratiivisuutta koskevan havainnon ympärille. Tutkin kertomusten poissaolon uhkaa, kertomusten ongelmallista moneutta, kertomusten mahdollisuuksia sekä lopuksi kertomusten ”esteettis-eettisiä” (vrt. Vermeulen & van den Akker 2010, 2015) ulottuvuuksia. Näitä kertomusten eri puolia analysoimalla havainnollistuu, miten Swing Time esittää mustan naissubjektiuden rakentumisen kertomusten, ja erityisesti romaanin, rakentumiseen kytkeytyvänä ja rinnastuvana ilmiönä. Smithin romaani näyttäisi nostavan esiin uudenlaisen metamodernistisen ja itsetietoisen rekonstruktion paradigman. Se ehdottaa siirtymistä postmodernismin hajonneista pienistä kertomuksista – niin subjektiutta kuin romaanimuotoa koskevista – kohti kertomusten tarpeen (ks. esim. Meretoja 2014; Malmio 2019) tunnustavaa politiikkaa ja poetiikkaa.  

Music and Gesture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Zbikowski
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Charlie Chaplin ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between music and physical gesture, drawing on recent research on the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech. Such gestures appear to be motivated by thought processes that are independent from speech and that in many cases offer analogs for dynamic processes. The chapter outlines the infrastructure for human communication that supports language and gesture as well as music. This outline provides a framework for exploring how music and gesture are similar and for how they are different. These comparisons are made through analyses of the movements Fred Astaire makes while accompanying himself at the piano in the 1936 film Swing Time and those Charlie Chaplin makes to Brahms’s Hungarian Dance No. 5 in the 1941 film The Great Dictator. These analyses further explicate the role of syntactic processes and syntactic layers in musical grammar and introduce referential frameworks, which serve as perceptual anchors for syntactic processes.

scholarly journals Parameters for gait rehabilitation in Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Corradini ◽  
Renata de Sousa Mota ◽  
Maíra Macêdo ◽  
Marina Brasil ◽  
Selena Márcia Dubois-Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Asymmetry ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Flexion And Extension

INTRODUCTION: The gait in people with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM / TSP) is little known. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the kinematic profile of gait in people with HAM/TSP. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 25 people with HAM/TSP and 25 healthy participants. Spatiotemporal and angular data from filming of gait were submitted to kinematic analysis using CVMob software. The gait of partipants with HAM/TSP was analized quantitatively through t Student test (alpha 5% and Power of 80%). The project was approved by Ethical Committee of the Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health with CAAE 13568213.8.0000.5544. RESULTS: The HAM/TSP group showed significant changes in two different domains of biomechanical gait analysis when compared to healthy controls. The angular variables showed increased trunk inclination, flexion and extension (p<0.05); increased hip flexion and decreased hip extension (p<0.05); decreased knee flexion and extension (p<0.05); decreased ankle dorsi and plantar flexion (p<0.05). Range of Motion was also reduced in all those joints. The spatiotemporal variables showed decreased stride length and increased stride time and speed gait cycle (p<0.001). Those changes point out to reduction in joint amplitudes of hip, knee and ankle, changes in support base and double support time asymmetry between right and left sides, reduction of pre-swing time, hip lift in the mid-swing, and foot drop throughout the swing. CONCLUSION: People with HAM/TSP have gait characterized by reduction in joint amplitudes of hip, knee and ankle, asymmetry between right and left sides and reduction of pre-swing time, hip lift in the mid-swing, and foot drop throughout the swing.

A Computer Model to Simulate the Swing Phase of a Transfemoral Prosthesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Burkett ◽  
James Smeathers ◽  
Timothy M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Prosthetic Knee ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prosthetic Knee Joint ◽  
Transfemoral Prosthesis ◽  
Everyday Task ◽  
Phase Motion

For amputees to perform an everyday task, or to participate in physical exercise, it is crucial that they have an appropriately designed and functional prosthesis. Past studies of transfemoral amputee gait have identified several limitations in the performance of amputees and in their prosthesis when compared with able-bodied walking, such as asymmetrical gait, slower walking speed, and higher energy demands. In particular the different inertial characteristics of the prosthesis relative to the sound limb results in a longer swing time for the prosthesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether this longer swing time could be addressed by modifying the alignment of the prosthesis. The following hypothesis was tested: Can the inertial characteristics of the prosthesis be improved by lowering the prosthetic knee joint, thereby producing a faster swing time? To test this hypothesis, a simple 2-D mathematical model was developed to simulate the swing-phase motion of the prosthetic leg. The model applies forward dynamics to the measured hip moment of the amputee in conjunction with the inertial characteristics of prosthetic components to predict the swing-phase motion. To evaluate the model and measure any change in prosthetic function, we conducted a kinematic analysis on four Paralympic runners as they ran. When evaluated, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between predicted and measured swing time. Of particular interest was how swing time was affected by changes in the position of the prosthetic knee axis. The model suggested that lowering the axis of the prosthetic knee could reduce the longer swing time. This hypothesis was confirmed when tested on the amputee runners.

scholarly journals The influence of prosthetic foot alignment on trans-tibial amputee gait

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fridman ◽  
I. Ona ◽  
E. Isakov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Prosthetic Foot ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Identical Type ◽  
Foot Position

An optimally aligned prosthesis, as accomplished by the subjective judgment of the prosthetist, guarantees the best quality of gait. Yet, amputees can adapt to a large variety of geometrical configurations of the prosthetic components. Different external rotation angles of the foot in trans-tibial (TT) prostheses were investigated. The study tried to identify (a) the relationship between foot angle and other gait parameters and (b) the compensating pattern of the amputees to excessive external rotation of the foot. Eight (8) TT amputees, fitted with an identical type of prosthesis, were investigated during ambulation. The prosthetic foot was externally rotated as follows: optimal angle (10.94°±5.21°), optimal angle plus another 18°, and optimal angle plus another 36°. Analysis of gait was performed with the aid of an electronic walkway. Speed of gait, stance and swing time, and foot angle were monitored in 4 runs for each of the three foot angles. Speed of gait remained almost constant in the three tests. Stance and swing time, as well as step length, significantly changed when 36° were added to the optimal foot angle. This foot position significantly influenced inter-legs time difference and symmetry between the legs. During ambulation, prosthetic foot external rotation was decreased by internal rotation of the limb at the hip joint level. It is concluded that TT amputees can maintain an efficient speed of gait even when the prosthetic foot is malpositioned in excessive external rotation. Although such a malalignment significantly influences other gait parameters during walking, amputees are able to adapt themselves by internal rotation of the hip joint in the amputated leg.

scholarly journals Features Observed Using Multiple Inertial Sensors for Running Track and Hard-Soft Sand Running: A Comparison Study

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. O. Worsey ◽  
Hugo G. Espinosa ◽  
Jonathan B. Shepherd ◽  
Julian Lewerenz ◽  
Florian S. M. Klodzinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Literature Report ◽  
Swing Time ◽  
Gait Mechanics

Variability in the running surface can cause an athlete to alter their gait. Most literature report running on grass, a treadmill or athletics running tracks using inertial sensors. This study compares the signals obtained by 9 degrees of freedom (DOF) inertial-magnetic sensors incorporating an accelerometer (±16 g), gyroscope (±2000°/s) and magnetometer (±8 gauss). The sensors were placed on the participant’s shank, knee, lower spine and upper spine, and the participants were asked to run on three different surfaces (running track, hard sand and soft sand). The calculated player loads for a 400 m run on each surface type was very similar. The mean and standard deviation values were 577 ± 130, 581 ± 128, 568 ± 124 for soft sand, hard sand and the running track, respectively. This did not correlate with the participant’s self-assessment RPE (Rate of perceived exertion), which demonstrated running on soft sand to be significantly more challenging, yielding a mean and standard deviation of 5.3 ± 2.5 (Hard to Very Hard). Soft sand running had a decreased swing time duration but increased variability (0.44 ± 0.02 s—Swing Time, 6.5 ± 1.1%—CV), hard sand running had the longest swing and intermediate variability duration (0.46 ± 0.02 s—Swing Time, 3.30 ± 2.58 %—CV) and running track running had the medium swing time but lowest variability (0.45 ± 0.02 s, 2.7 ± 0.9%—CV). Gait dominance was not consistent across the surfaces for each participant and remained below a ratio of 0.4. These results provide an insight into how athletes modify their gait mechanics to accommodate different running surfaces.

Birth to two…: Swing time

Nursery World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (15) ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Penny Tassoni
Keyword(s):  
Swing Time
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