scholarly journals Influence of printing direction on 3D printed ABS specimens

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Nassim Markiz ◽  
Eszter Horváth ◽  
Péter Ficzere
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction

AbstractIn the recent years, additive manufacturing became an interesting topic in many fields due to the ease of manufacturing complex objects. However, it is impossible to determine the mechanical properties of any additive manufacturing parts without testing them. In this work, the mechanical properties with focus on ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of 3D printed acrylonitrile butadi-ene styrene (ABS) specimens were investigated. The tensile tests were carried using Zwick Z005 loading machine with a capacity of 5KN according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard test methods for tensile properties of plastics. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of printing direction on the mechanical properties of the printed specimens. Thus, for each printing direction ( and ), five specimens were printed. Tensile testing of the 3D printed ABS specimens showed that the printing direction made the strongest specimen at an ultimate tensile strength of 22 MPa while at printing direction it showed 12 MPa. No influence on the modulus of elasticity was noticed. The experimental results are presented in the manuscript.

Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed Polycarbonate/Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karun Kalia ◽  
Amir Ameli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Printing Direction

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is highly commercialized Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology for its ability to build complex parts with low cost in a short period of time. The process parameters in the FDM play a vital role in the mechanical properties of the polymeric parts. Most of the research studies show that the variable parameters such as orientation, layer thickness, raster angle, raster width, and air gap are some of the key parameters that affect the mechanical properties of FDM-processed polymeric parts. However, no reports have been made regarding the influence of nozzle diameter with raster width on the tensile properties of FDM fabricated polymeric parts. This work was devoted to achieving improved and isotropic mechanical properties in polycarbonate (PC) and PC/carbon nanotube (PC/CNT) nanocomposites by investigating the effect of printing parameters in FDM process. The nozzle diameter to raster width ratio, α was found to significantly affect the mechanical properties. The printing direction dependency in tensile properties were studied with the ratio α < 1 and α≥ 1 at three different raster angles of 0°, 45°/−45° and 90°. For α < 1, Ultimate tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were higher for 0°, compared to 45°/−45° and 90° raster angles. However, for α ≥ 1, the ultimate tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity showed little dependency to print direction. This certainly determines the decrease in anisotropy at higher values of α. Mesostructure characterization with microscopy and image analysis were used to further explain the printing behavior and the resultant properties of the printed samples.

scholarly journals Effects of Irradiation by UV- Acceleration on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Blends (Polyester: Starch)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihama I. Salih ◽  
Qahtan A. Hamad ◽  
Safaa N. Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Najat H. Sabit
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Polymer Blends ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Elongation Percentage

This work covers mixing of unsaturated polyester (un- polyester) with starch powders as polymer blends and study the effects of irradiation by UV-acceleration on mechanical properties of its. The unsaturated polyester was mixing by starch powders at particle size less than (45 µm) at selected weight fraction of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3%). These properties involve ultimate tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, elongation percentage, flexural modulus, flexural strength, fracture toughness, impact strength and hardness. The results illustrate decrease in the ultimate tensile strength at and elongation percentage, while increasing modulus of elasticity, with increasing the weight ratio of starch powder to 3 % weight fraction, whereas the maximum value of hardness and flexural, impact properties happened at 1 % weight fraction for types of polymer blends.

scholarly journals The Impact of Slicing Softwares on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Stl File ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Intersection Curves ◽  
The Impact

“Slicing tool” or “Slicing Software” computes the intersection curves of models and slicing planes. They improve the quality of the model being printed when given in the form of STL file. Upon analyzing a specimen that has been printed using two different slicing tools, there was a drastic variation on account of the mechanical properties of the specimen. The ultimate tensile strength and the surface roughness of the material vary from one tool to another. This paper reports an investigation and analysis of the variation in the ultimate tensile strength and the surface roughness of the specimen, given that the 3D printer and the model being printed is the same, with a variation of usage of slicing software. This analysis includes ReplicatorG, Flashprint as the two different slicing tools that are used for slicing of the model. The variation in the ultimate tensile strength and the surface roughness are measured and represented statistically through graphs. An appropriate decisive conclusion was drawn on the basis of the observations and analysis of the experiment on relevance to the behavior and mechanical properties of the specimen.

scholarly journals Superior Mechanical Behavior and Fretting Wear Resistance of 3D-Printed Inconel 625 Superalloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gao ◽  
Mingzhuo Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Fretting Wear ◽  
Inconel 625 ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Inconel 625 Superalloy ◽  
Electron Beam Selective Melting

Additive manufacturing (AM) nickel-based superalloys have been demonstrated to equate or exceed mechanical properties of cast and wrought counterparts but their tribological potentials have not been fully realized. This study investigates fretting wear behaviors of Inconel 625 against the 42 CrMo4 stainless steel under flat-on-flat contacts. Inconel 625 is prepared by additive manufacturing (AM) using the electron beam selective melting. Results show that it has a high hardness (335 HV), superior tensile strength (952 MPa) and yield strength (793 MPa). Tribological tests indicate that the AM-Inconel 625 can suppress wear of the surface within a depth of only ~2.4 μm at a contact load of 106 N after 2 × 104 cycles. The excellent wear resistance is attributed to the improved strength and the formation of continuous tribo-layers containing a mixture of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Cr2O3 and Mn2O3.

scholarly journals Effect of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations of orbital pipe welding on SS 316L

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (12 (110)) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Agus Widyianto ◽  
Ario Sunar Baskoro ◽  
Gandjar Kiswanto ◽  
Muhamad Fathin Ginanjar Ganeswara
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Welding Current ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Welding Sequence ◽  
Pipe Welding

Orbital pipe welding was often used to manufacture piping systems. In orbital pipe welding, a major challenge is the welding torch’s position during the welding process, so that additional methods are needed to overcome these challenges. This paper discusses the influence of welding sequence and welding current on distortion, mechanical properties and metallurgical observations in orbital pipe welding with SS 316L pipe square butt joints. The variation of the orbital pipe welding parameters used is welding current and welding sequence. The welding current used is 100 A, 110 A, and 120 A, while the welding sequence used is one sequence, two sequences, three sequences, and four sequences. The welding results will be analyzed from distortion measurement, mechanical properties test and metallurgical observations. Distortion measurements are made on the pipe before welding and after welding. Testing of mechanical properties includes tensile tests and microhardness tests, while metallurgical observations include macrostructure and microstructural observations. The results show that maximum axial distortion, transverse distortion, ovality, and taper occurred at a welding current of 120 A with four sequences of 445 µm, 300 µm, 195 µm, and 275 µm, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength is 51 % compared to the base metal’s ultimate tensile strength. Horizontal and vertical microhardness tests show that welding with one sequence produces the greatest microhardness value, but there is a decrease in the microhardness value using welding with two to four sequences. Orbital pipe welding results in different depths of penetration at each pipe position. The largest and smallest depth of penetration was 4.11 mm and 1.60 mm, respectively

scholarly journals Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds Using PolyJet and Stereolithography Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7336
Author(s):  
Shummaila Rasheed ◽  
Waqas Akbar Lughmani ◽  
Muhannad Ahmed Obeidi ◽  
Dermot Brabazon ◽  
Inam Ul Ahad
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Bone Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Printing Techniques

In this study, the printing capability of two different additive manufacturing (3D printing) techniques, namely PolyJet and micro-stereolithography (µSLA), are investigated regarding the fabrication of bone scaffolds. The 3D-printed scaffold structures are used as supports in replacing and repairing fractured bone tissue. Printed bone scaffolds with complex structures produced using additive manufacturing technology can mimic the mechanical properties of natural human bone, providing lightweight structures with modifiable porosity levels. In this study, 3D scaffold structures are designed with different combinations of architectural parameters. The dimensional accuracy, permeability, and mechanical properties of complex 3D-printed scaffold structures are analyzed to compare the advantages and drawbacks associated with the two techniques. The fluid flow rates through the 3D-printed scaffold structures are measured and Darcy’s law is applied to calculate the experimentally measured permeability. The Kozeny–Carman equation is applied for theoretical calculation of permeability. Compression tests were performed on the printed samples to observe the effects of the printing techniques on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold structures. The effect of the printing direction on the mechanical properties of the 3D-printed scaffold structures is also analyzed. The scaffold structures printed with the µSLA printer demonstrate higher permeability and mechanical properties as compared to those printed using the PolyJet technique. It is demonstrated that both the µSLA and PolyJet printing techniques can be used to print 3D scaffold structures with controlled porosity levels, providing permeability in a similar range to human bone.

Mechanical Characterization of Aluminium Alloy 6061 Powder Deposit Made by Friction Stir Based Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 846 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Akash Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Probir Saha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Graded Structures

Additive Friction Stir (AFS) has the potential for extensive future application in metal based additive manufacturing. Powder based AFS is specifically useful for fabricating functionally graded structures. But, the consolidation of powder inside the hollow tool used in this operation hinders the powder based AFS process. This problem could be resolved by Additive Friction Stir Processing (AFSP) while maintaining the key advantages of AFS. A 3D deposit structure of height 5 mm and width 64 mm was made from Al6061 alloy powder by AFSP. Mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and micro-hardness of the deposit were evaluated in both longitudinal and transverse directions. The ultimate tensile strength and micro-hardness of the deposit were comparable to Al6061-O and there was a significant increment in tensile yield strength. Also, the isotropic nature of the deposit could be inferred from similar mechanical properties in the longitudinal and transverse direction. Dimple ruptures seen in fractographic analysis gave evidence to the ductile nature of the deposit.

Mechanical Properties of PP/clay Nanocomposites Prepared from Masterbatch: Effect of Nanoclay Loadings and Re-Processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Cholila Tamzysi ◽  
Lilis Kistriyani ◽  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Dhoni Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Clay Nanocomposites ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Molding Machine ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Twin Screw

PP/clay nanocomposites samples of 1st and 2nd cycles (recycle) and different nanoclay loadings (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15 wt%) samples were made by utilizing twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine. The samples were then characterized using a tensile test machine. The tensile tests results showed that modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the nanocomposites samples for both 1st and 2nd cycles were all higher than the neat PP, and increased with increasing nanoclay loadings. The enhancements of modulus of elasticity (as compared to the neat PP) for 1st cycle of the nanocomposites were about 38.08%, 49.33%, and 78.65% for NC-5-I, NC-10-I, and NC-15-I, respectively. Whereas, for the 2nd cycle of the nanocomposites were about 44.33%, 59.59%, and 84.69% for NC-5-II, NC-10-II, and NC-15-I, respectively. This indicated that the incorporation of nanoclay in the PP matrix significantly increased mechanical properties, especially modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the nanocomposites. Additionally, values of modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of 1st cycle and 2nd cycle of PP/clay nanocomposites were compared by plotting them in two graphs. The plots revealed that reprocessing of the nanocomposites did not significantly influence the mechanical properties of the nancomposites.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Laser-Sintered 3D-Printed Cobalt Chromium and Soft-Milled Cobalt Chromium

Prosthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-320
Author(s):  
Abdullah Barazanchi ◽  
Kai Chun Li ◽  
Basil Al-Amleh ◽  
Karl Lyons ◽  
J. Neil Waddell
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Proof Stress ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose: To compare the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of laser-sintered/3D-printed cobalt chromium (LS CoCr) with soft-milled cobalt chromium (SM CoCr) to assess their suitability for use in high-stress areas in the oral cavity. Material and Method: Two computer-aided manufacturing methods were used to fabricate dumbbell specimens in accordance with the ASTM standard E8. Specimens were fractured using tensile testing and elastic modulus, and proof stress and ultimate tensile strength were calculated. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Plate specimens were also fabricated for the examination of hardness and elastic modulus using nanoindentation. Unpaired t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. Results: LS CoCr specimens were found to have significantly higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and proof stress (PS) (p < 0.05) but not a significantly higher elastic modulus (p > 0.05). Examination of the dumbbell fracture surfaces showed uniform structure for the LS CoCr specimens whilst the SM CoCr specimens were perforated with porosities; neither showed an obvious point of fracture. Nanoindentation also showed that LS CoCr specimens possessed higher hardness compared with SM CoCr specimens. Conclusion: LS CoCr and SM CoCr specimens were both found to exhibit uniformly dense structure; although porosities were noted in the SM CoCr specimens. LS CoCr specimens were found to have superior tensile properties, likely due to lack of porosities, however both had mean values higher than those reported in the literature for cast CoCr. Uniformity of structure and high tensile strength indicates that LS CoCr and SM CoCr fabricated alloys are suitable for long-span metallic frameworks for use in the field of prosthodontics.

Reinforcing Inconel 718 Superalloy by Nano-TiC Particles in Selective Laser Melting

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachao Wang ◽  
Jing Shi ◽  
Yun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Reinforcement Particle ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Laser Melting

Metal components produced by additive manufacturing processes usually have inferior properties and performances as compared with the counterparts by the traditional forming and machining processes. To close the gap, the metal matrix can be strengthened by adding reinforcement particles in additive manufacturing processes. This research presents the fabrication of nano-TiC reinforced Inconel 718 composites using selective laser melting (SLM). Tensile and wear performance tests are conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the formed composites. It is discovered that the composites exhibit improved mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength and yield stress. Compared with the pure Inconel 718 specimens by SLM, the ultimate tensile strength and yield stress of the reinforced Inconel 718 increase by 207 MPa and 204 MPa, respectively, with 0.5 wt.% addition of nano-TiC particle. Smaller increases are observed with 0.25 wt.% and 1.0 wt.% nano-TiC additions. On the other hand, the addition of nano-TiC particles decreases the ductility of Inconel 718. To investigate the strengthening mechanism of nano reinforcement particles in SLM, the microstructures with different levels of nano-TiC particles are observed. The results indicate that the microstructure of Inconel 718 is remarkably refined by the TiC particles, and the reinforcement particle significantly impede the growth of columnar grain in the solidification process.

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