OVERVIEW OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND (UHI) PHENOMENON TOWARDS HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 2097-2111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanadoss Ponraj ◽  
Yee Yong Lee ◽  
Mohd Fadhil Md Din ◽  
Zainura Zainon Noor ◽  
Kenzo Iwao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat

scholarly journals Green Infrastructure as an Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategy—A Review

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3577
Author(s):  
Fatma Balany ◽  
Anne WM Ng ◽  
Nitin Muttil ◽  
Shobha Muthukumaran ◽  
Man Sing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban Heat

Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focusing on green infrastructure (GI) as a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of an urban heat island (UHI). This paper aims at presenting a review of the range of findings from GI research for urban heat mitigation through a review of scientific articles published during the years 2009–2020. This research includes a review of the different types of GI and its contribution for urban heat mitigation and human thermal comfort. In addition to analysing different mitigation strategies, numerical simulation tools that are commonly used are also reviewed. It is seen that ENVI-met is one of the modelling tools that is considered as a reliable to simulate different mitigation strategies and hence has been widely used in the recent past. Considering its popularity in urban microclimate studies, this article also provides a review of ENVI-met simulation results that were reported in the reviewed papers. It was observed that the majority of the research was conducted on a limited spatial scale and focused on temperature and human thermal comfort.

Human thermal comfort in Local climate zones of Berlin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Langer ◽  
Alexander Pasternack ◽  
Uwe Ulbrich
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Local Climate Zones ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The City

<p>Urban areas show higher nocturnal temperature comparing to rural areas, which is denoted by urban heat island. This effect can intensify the impact of global warming in urban areas especially during heat waves, that leads to higher energy demand for cooling the building and higher thermal stress for residents.  </p><p>The aim of this study is to identify the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect during the heat spell 2018 and 2019 in order to calculated human thermal comfort for Berlin. Berlin, the capital city of Germany covers an area of 892km<sup>2</sup> and its population is growing, therefore more residential areas will be planned in future through higher building. The methodology of this research is to divide Berlin into Local Climate Zones (LCZ's) regarding the concept of Stewart & Oke (2012). Then to evaluate the accuracy of this concept using 30 microclimate stations. Estimating the magnitude of urban heat island and its seasonal changes in combination with human thermal perception in different LCZ during summer time is another objective of this research. </p><p>Ten LCZ's for Berlin were selected, as class 1 (compact high rise), class 3 (compact low rise), class 7 (lightweight low-rise), class C (bush, scrub), class E (bare rock or paved) and class F (bare soil or sand) don't exist in Berlin. Class A (dense trees) is with a fraction of 18.6% in a good agreement with the percentage of dense trees reported from the city administration of Berlin (18.4%), class G (water) has a coverage of 5.1% through our classification instead of 6.7% reported by the city administration. In summary, the LCZ 1-10 cover 59.3% (more than half) of the city area.</p><p>Regarding temperature measurements, which represent a hot summer day with calm wind and clear sky the difference of Local Climate Zones will be calculated and the temperature variability in every LCZ's regarding sky view factor values show the hot spot of the city.</p><p>The vulnerability of LCZ's to heat stress will be ranked and discussed regarding ventilation and other factors.</p><p> </p><p>Literature</p><p>Matzarakis, A. Mayer, H., Iziomon, M. (1999) Applications of a universal thermal index: Physiological equivalent temperature: Intern. J. of Biomet 43 (2), 76-84.</p><p>Stewart, I.D., Oke, T.R. (2012) Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 93 1879-1900. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Green Infrastructure as an Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategy - A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma balany ◽  
A.W.M Ng ◽  
Nitin Muttil ◽  
Shobha Muthukumaran ◽  
Man Sing Wong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban Heat

Research on urban heat mitigation has been growing in recent years with many of the studies focusing on green infrastructure (GI) as a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Urban Heat Island (UHI). This paper aims at presenting a review of the range of findings from GI research for urban heat mitigation through a review of scientific articles published during the years 2009-2019. This research includes a review of the different types of GI and its contribution for urban heat mitigation and human thermal comfort. In addition to analyzing different mitigation strategies, numerical simulation tools that are commonly used are also reviewed. It is seen that ENVI-met is one of the modelling tools that is considered as a reliable tool to simulate different mitigation strategies and hence has been widely used in the recent past. Considering its popularity in urban microclimate studies, this article also provides a review of ENVI-met simulation results that were reported in the reviewed papers. It was observed that the majority of the research was conducted on a limited spatial scale and focused on temperature and human thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Biomimicry-Based Strategies for Urban Heat Island Mitigation: A Numerical Case Study under Tropical Climate

Biomimetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Kevin Araque ◽  
Paola Palacios ◽  
Dafni Mora ◽  
Miguel Chen Austin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Outdoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Pet Index ◽  
Radiant Temperature

In recent years, demographic growth has caused cities to expand their urban areas, increasing the risk of overheating, creating insurmountable microclimatic conditions within the urban area, which is why studies have been carried out on the urban heat island effect (UHI) and its mitigation. Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the cooling potential in the application of strategies based on biomimicry for the microclimate in a historical heritage city of Panama. For this, three case studies (base case, case 1, and case 2) of outdoor thermal comfort were evaluated, in which the Envi-met software was used to emulate and evaluate the thermal performance of these strategies during March (highest temperature month) and October (rainier month). The strategies used were extracted from the contrast of zebra skin, human skin, evaporative cooling, and ant skin. The results showed a reduction of 2.8 °C in the air temperature at 11:00, the radiant temperature decreased by 2.2 °C, and the PET index managed to reduce the thermal comfort indicator among its categories. The importance of thinking based on biomimicry in sustainable strategies is concluded; although significant changes were obtained, high risks of discomfort persist due to the layout and proximity of the building.

scholarly journals Combating Urban Heat Island Effect—A Review of Reflective Pavements and Tree Shading Strategies

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
V. R. Sankar Cheela ◽  
Michele John ◽  
Wahidul Biswas ◽  
Prabir Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Pavement Temperature ◽  
Reflective Coatings

Pavements occupy about 40% of urban land cover, with 75–80% black top roads, playing a critical role in urban connectivity and mobility. Solar energy is absorbed and stored in pavements leading to an increase in surface temperatures. Decreasing green cover is further contributing to rise in regional temperatures. Due to this activity, the city experiences urban heat island (UHI). This study presents a critical review of the literature on mitigation measures to combat UHI using reflective pavements with an emphasis on durability properties and impacts of tree canopy. The strategies with a focus on application of chip seals, white toppings, and coatings were discussed. Role of surface reflectance, including those from asphalt and concrete pavements, albedo improvements, and technological trends, application of waste materials, and industrial by‐products are presented. Also, urban tree shading systems’ contribution to pavement temperature and microclimate systems is presented. The review shows that the development of mitigation measures using tree shading systems can reduce the pavement temperature during daytime and increase human thermal comfort. The outcomes of this review provide a scope for future studies to develop sustainable and state‐of‐the-art engineering solutions in the field of reflective coatings and urban forest systems.

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