MERGING EARTH OBSERVATION DATA, WEATHER PREDICTIONS, IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS AND HYDROLOGICAL MODELS FOR WATER INFORMATION SERVICES

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2031-2042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isnaeni M. Hartanto ◽  
Carina Almeida ◽  
Thomas K. Alexandridis ◽  
Melanie Weynants ◽  
Gildo Timoteo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
Information Services ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Earth Observation Data

scholarly journals Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Colour (FRM4SOC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clive Banks ◽  
Riho Vendt ◽  
Krista Alikas ◽  
Agnieszka Bialek ◽  
Joel Kuusk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Paper ◽  
Uncertainty Estimation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Ocean Colour ◽  
Satellite Validation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Reference Measurements

Earth observation data can help us understand and address some of the grand challenges and threats facing us today as a species and as a planet, for example climate change and its impacts and sustainable use of the Earth’s resources. However, in order to have confidence in earth observation data, measurements made at the surface of the Earth, with the intention of providing verification or validation of satellite-mounted sensor measurements, should be trustworthy and at least of the same high quality as those taken with the satellite sensors themselves. Metrology tells us that in order to be trustworthy, measurements should include an unbroken chain of SI-traceable calibrations and comparisons and full uncertainty budgets for each of the in situ sensors. Until now, this has not been the case for most satellite validation measurements. Therefore, within this context, the European Space Agency (ESA) funded a series of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRM) projects targeting the validation of satellite data products of the atmosphere, land, and ocean, and setting the framework, standards, and protocols for future satellite validation efforts. The FRM4SOC project was structured to provide this support for evaluating and improving the state of the art in ocean colour radiometry (OCR) and satellite ocean colour validation through a series of comparisons under the auspices of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). This followed the recommendations from the International Ocean Colour Coordinating Group’s white paper and supports the CEOS ocean colour virtual constellation. The main objective was to establish and maintain SI traceable ground-based FRM for satellite ocean colour and thus make a fundamental contribution to the European system for monitoring the Earth (Copernicus). This paper outlines the FRM4SOC project structure, objectives and methodology and highlights the main results and achievements of the project: (1) An international SI-traceable comparison of irradiance and radiance sources used for OCR calibration that set measurement, calibration and uncertainty estimation protocols and indicated good agreement between the participating calibration laboratories from around the world; (2) An international SI-traceable laboratory and outdoor comparison of radiometers used for satellite ocean colour validation that set OCR calibration and comparison protocols; (3) A major review and update to the protocols for taking irradiance and radiance field measurements for satellite ocean colour validation, with particular focus on aspects of data acquisition and processing that must be considered in the estimation of measurement uncertainty and guidelines for good practice; (4) A technical comparison of the main radiometers used globally for satellite ocean colour validation bringing radiometer manufacturers together around the same table for the first time to discuss instrument characterisation and its documentation, as needed for measurement uncertainty estimation; (5) Two major international side-by-side field intercomparisons of multiple ocean colour radiometers, one on the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT) oceanographic cruise, and the other on the Acqua Alta oceanographic tower in the Gulf of Venice; (6) Impact and promotion of FRM within the ocean colour community, including a scientific road map for the FRM-based future of satellite ocean colour validation and vicarious calibration (based on the findings of the FRM4SOC project, the consensus from two major international FRM4SOC workshops and previous literature, including the IOCCG white paper on in situ ocean colour radiometry).

scholarly journals Copernicus: the European Earth Observation programme

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jutz ◽  
M.P. Milagro-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
In Situ Sensors ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Observation Programme

<span>The European Union-led Copernicus programme, born with the aim of developing space-based global environmental monitoring services to ensure a European autonomous capacity for Earth Observation, comprises a Space Component, Core Services, and In-situ measurements. The Space Component, coordinated by ESA, has seven Sentinel satellites in orbit, with further missions planned, and is complemented by contributing missions, in-situ sensors and numerical models, and delivers many terabytes of accurate climate and environmental data, free and open, every day to hundreds of thousands of users. This makes Copernicus the biggest provider of Earth Observation data in the world.</span>

Integration of earth observation data in distributed hydrological models: the Senegal River basin

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Sandholt ◽  
Jens Andersen ◽  
Gorm Dybkjær ◽  
Lotte Nyborg ◽  
Medou Lô ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Hydrological Models ◽  
Senegal River ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Distributed Hydrological Models ◽  
Senegal River Basin

scholarly journals Earth Observation for Crustal Tectonics and Earthquake Hazards

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Elliott ◽  
M. de Michele ◽  
H. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Active Fault ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Earthquake Hazards ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Optical Imagery ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Geophysical Measurements

Abstract In this paper, we illustrate some of the current methods for the exploitation of data from Earth Observing satellites to measure and understand earthquakes and shallow crustal tectonics. The aim of applying such methods to Earth Observation data is to improve our knowledge of the active fault sources that generate earthquake shaking hazards. We provide examples of the use of Earth Observation, including the measurement and modelling of earthquake deformation processes and the earthquake cycle using both radar and optical imagery. We also highlight the importance of combining these orbiting satellite datasets with airborne, in situ and ground-based geophysical measurements to fully characterise the spatial and timescale of temporal scales of the triggering of earthquakes from an example of surface water loading. Finally, we conclude with an outlook on the anticipated shift from the more established method of observing earthquakes to the systematic measurement of the longer-term accumulation of crustal strain.

Our goal is to establish the earth observation data in the business world Unser Ziel ist es, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten in der Geschäftswelt zu etablieren

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Eicher, A
Keyword(s):  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Business World ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Our goal is to establish the earth observation data in the business world Unser Ziel ist es, die Erdbeobachtungsdaten in der Geschäftswelt zu etablieren

Mapping slums and model population density using earth observation data and open source solutions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tais Grippa ◽  
Stefanos Georganos ◽  
Sabine Vanhuysse ◽  
Moritz Lennert ◽  
Nicholus Mboga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Model Population ◽  
Earth Observation Data

scholarly journals Examining the Economic and Environmental Impacts of COVID-19 Using Earth Observation Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
William Straka ◽  
Shobha Kondragunta ◽  
Zigang Wei ◽  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Steven D. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Earth Observation Data

The COVID-19 pandemic has infected almost 73 million people and is responsible for over 1.63 million fatalities worldwide since early December 2019, when it was first reported in Wuhan, China. In the early stages of the pandemic, social distancing measures, such as lockdown restrictions, were applied in a non-uniform way across the world to reduce the spread of the virus. While such restrictions contributed to flattening the curve in places like Italy, Germany, and South Korea, it plunged the economy in the United States to a level of recession not seen since WWII, while also improving air quality due to the reduced mobility. Using daily Earth observation data (Day/Night Band (DNB) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Suomi-NPP and NO2 measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument TROPOMI) along with monthly averaged cell phone derived mobility data, we examined the economic and environmental impacts of lockdowns in Los Angeles, California; Chicago, Illinois; Washington DC from February to April 2020—encompassing the most profound shutdown measures taken in the U.S. The preliminary analysis revealed that the reduction in mobility involved two major observable impacts: (i) improved air quality (a reduction in NO2 and PM2.5 concentration), but (ii) reduced economic activity (a decrease in energy consumption as measured by the radiance from the DNB data) that impacted on gross domestic product, poverty levels, and the unemployment rate. With the continuing rise of COVID-19 cases and declining economic conditions, such knowledge can be combined with unemployment and demographic data to develop policies and strategies for the safe reopening of the economy while preserving our environment and protecting vulnerable populations susceptible to COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals 2nd Edition of Instrumenting Smart City Applications with Big Sensing and Earth Observatory Data: Tools, Methods and Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bitelli ◽  
Emanuele Mandanici
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
High Resolution Imagery ◽  
Observatory Data ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Earth Observation Data

The exponential growth in the volume of Earth observation data and the increasing quality and availability of high-resolution imagery are increasingly making more applications possible in urban environments [...]

scholarly journals Quantifying Tree Cover Loss in Urban Forests within Nairobi City Metropolitan Area from Earth Observation Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Francis Oloo ◽  
Godwin Murithi ◽  
Charlynne Jepkosgei
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Vegetation Health ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Urban forests contribute significantly to the ecological integrity of urban areas and the quality of life of urban dwellers through air quality control, energy conservation, improving urban hydrology, and regulation of land surface temperatures (LST). However, urban forests are under threat due to human activities, natural calamities, and bioinvasion continually decimating forest cover. Few studies have used fine-scaled Earth observation data to understand the dynamics of tree cover loss in urban forests and the sustainability of such forests in the face of increasing urban population. The aim of this work was to quantify the spatial and temporal changes in urban forest characteristics and to assess the potential drivers of such changes. We used data on tree cover, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and land cover change to quantify tree cover loss and changes in vegetation health in urban forests within the Nairobi metropolitan area in Kenya. We also used land cover data to visualize the potential link between tree cover loss and changes in land use characteristics. From approximately 6600 hectares (ha) of forest land, 720 ha have been lost between 2000 and 2019, representing about 11% loss in 20 years. In six of the urban forests, the trend of loss was positive, indicating a continuing disturbance of urban forests around Nairobi. Conversely, there was a negative trend in the annual mean NDVI values for each of the forests, indicating a potential deterioration of the vegetation health in the forests. A preliminary, visual inspection of high-resolution imagery in sample areas of tree cover loss showed that the main drivers of loss are the conversion of forest lands to residential areas and farmlands, implementation of big infrastructure projects that pass through the forests, and extraction of timber and other resources to support urban developments. The outcome of this study reveals the value of Earth observation data in monitoring urban forest resources.

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