COMBINED OPTOELECTRONIC METHODS USED IN THE MONITORING OF SO2 EMISSIONS AND IMISSIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeni Vasilescu ◽  
Luminita Marmureanu ◽  
Lucia Deaconu ◽  
Nicolae Ajtai ◽  
Camelia Talianu
Keyword(s):  
So2 Emissions

scholarly journals Determining the Role of Acidity, Fate and Formation of IEPOX-Derived SOA in CMAQ

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Petros Vasilakos ◽  
Yongtao Hu ◽  
Armistead Russell ◽  
Athanasios Nenes
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Acidity ◽  
A Value ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
The Impact

Formation of aerosol from biogenic hydrocarbons relies heavily on anthropogenic emissions since they control the availability of species such as sulfate and nitrate, and through them, aerosol acidity (pH). To elucidate the role that acidity and emissions play in regulating Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA), we utilize the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) dataset to enhance the extensive mechanism of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX)-mediated SOA formation implemented in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model (Pye et al., 2013), which was then used to investigate the impact of potential future emission controls on IEPOX OA. We found that the Henry’s law coefficient for IEPOX was the most impactful parameter that controls aqueous isoprene OA products, and a value of 1.9 × 107 M atm−1 provides the best agreement with measurements. Non-volatile cations (NVCs) were found in higher-than-expected quantities in CMAQ and exerted a significant influence on IEPOX OA by reducing its production by as much as 30% when present. Consistent with previous literature, a strong correlation of isoprene OA with sulfate, and little correlation with acidity or liquid water content, was found. Future reductions in SO2 emissions are found to not affect this correlation and generally act to increase the sensitivity of IEPOX OA to sulfate, even in extreme cases.

Reduction of SO2 emissions by ammonia gas during unstaged combustion

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. Khan ◽  
B. M. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Ammonia Gas

scholarly journals Emissions Effects of Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation: Comparing Battery and Flywheel Storage to Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Eric Pareis ◽  
Eric Hittinger
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Storage System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Electrical Generation

With an increase in renewable energy generation in the United States, there is a growing need for more frequency regulation to ensure the stability of the electric grid. Fast ramping natural gas plants are often used for frequency regulation, but this creates emissions associated with the burning of fossil fuels. Energy storage systems (ESSs), such as batteries and flywheels, provide an alternative frequency regulation service. However, the efficiency losses of charging and discharging a storage system cause additional electrical generation requirements and associated emissions. There is not a good understanding of these indirect emissions from charging and discharging ESSs in the literature, with most sources stating that ESSs for frequency regulation have lower emissions, without quantification of these emissions. We created a model to estimate three types of emissions (CO2, NOX, and SO2) from ESSs providing frequency regulation, and compare them to emissions from a natural gas plant providing the same service. When the natural gas plant is credited for the generated electricity, storage systems have 33% to 68% lower CO2 emissions than the gas turbine, depending on the US eGRID subregion, but higher NOX and SO2 emissions. However, different plausible assumptions about the framing of the analysis can make ESSs a worse choice so the true difference depends on the nature of the substitution between storage and natural gas generation.

scholarly journals The Convergence of Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Emissions Per Capita in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Zhang ◽  
Deng-Kui Si ◽  
Bing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Unit Root ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Environmental Protection Policies

As the third-largest SO2 emitter in the world, China is facing mounting domestic and external pressure to tackle the increasingly serious SO2 pollution. Figuring out the convergence and persistence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions matters much for environmental policymakers in China. This study mainly utilizes the Fourier quantile unit root test to survey the convergence of the SO2 emissions per capita in 74 cities of China during the period of December 2014 to June 2019, by conducting five traditional unit root tests and a quantile root unit test as a comparative analysis. The empirical results indicate that the SO2 emissions per capita in 72 out of 74 cities in China are convergent in the sample period. The results also suggest that the unit root behavior of the SO2 emissions per capita in these cities is asymmetrically persistent at different quantiles. For the cities with the convergent SO2 emissions, the government should consider the asymmetric mean-reverting pattern of SO2 emissions when implementing environmental protection policies at different stages. For Hefei and Nanjing, the local governments need to enact stricter environmental protection policies to control the emission of sulfur dioxide.

scholarly journals Impact of Manufacturing Transfer on SO2 Emissions in Jiangsu Province, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Peng ◽  
Jian Cui ◽  
Youhui Cao ◽  
Ying Du ◽  
Andrew Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
So2 Emissions

scholarly journals Cleaning up the air: Effectiveness of air quality policy for SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions in China

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. van der A ◽  
Bas Mijling ◽  
Jieying Ding ◽  
Maria Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
Fei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Provincial Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Quality Policy

Abstract. Air quality observations by satellite instruments are spatially consistent, and have a regular temporal resolution, which make them very useful in studying long-term trends in atmospheric species. To monitor air quality trends in China for the period 2005–2015 we derive SO2 columns and NOx emissions on a provincial level with an unprecedented accuracy. To put these trends into perspective they are compared with public data on energy consumption and the environmental policies of China. We distinguish the effect of air quality regulations from economic growth by comparing them relatively to fossil fuel consumption. Pollutant levels, per unit of fossil fuel, are used to assess the effectiveness of air quality regulations. We note that the desulphurisation regulations enforced in 2005–2006 only had a significant effect in the years 2008–2009 when a much stricter control of the actual use of the installations began. For national NOx emissions a distinct decreasing trend is only visible since 2012, but the emission peak year differs from province to province. Unlike SO2, emissions of NOx are highly related to traffic. Furthermore, regulations for NOx emissions are partly decided on a provincial level. The last three years show both a reduction in SO2 and NOx emissions per fossil fuel unit, since the authorities have implemented several new environmental regulations. Despite an increasing fossil fuel consumption and a growing transport sector, the effects of air quality policy in China are clearly visible. Without the air quality regulations the concentration of SO2 would be almost 3 times higher and the NO2 concentrations would be at least 30 % higher than they are today in China.

Seawater Scrubbing for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide in a Steam Turbine Power Plant

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akili D. Khawaji ◽  
Jong-Mihn Wie
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil

The most popular method of controlling sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions in a steam turbine power plant is a flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process that uses lime/limestone scrubbing. Another relatively newer FGD technology is to use seawater as a scrubbing medium to absorb SO2 by utilizing the alkalinity present in seawater. This seawater scrubbing FGD process is viable and attractive when a sufficient quantity of seawater is available as a spent cooling water within reasonable proximity to the FGD scrubber. In this process the SO2 gas in the flue gas is absorbed by seawater in an absorber and subsequently oxidized to sulfate by additional seawater. The benefits of the seawater FGD process over the lime/limestone process and other processes are; 1) The process does not require reagents for scrubbing as only seawater and air are needed, thereby reducing the plant operating cost significantly, and 2) No solid waste and sludge are generated, eliminating waste disposal, resulting in substantial cost savings and increasing plant operating reliability. This paper reviews the thermodynamic aspects of the SO2 and seawater system, basic process principles and chemistry, major unit operations consisting of absorption, oxidation and neutralization, plant operation and performance, cost estimates for a typical seawater FGD plant, and pertinent environmental issues and impacts. In addition, the paper presents the major design features of a seawater FGD scrubber for the 130 MW oil fired steam turbine power plant that is under construction in Madinat Yanbu Al-Sinaiyah, Saudi Arabia. The scrubber with the power plant designed for burning heavy fuel oil containing 4% sulfur by weight, is designed to reduce the SO2 level in flue gas to 425 ng/J from 1,957 ng/J.

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