scholarly journals Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies Technology: a survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashar Ibrahim Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Financial Technology

Blockchain  and Cryptocurrency has gotten wider considerations as of late. The decentralized digital Cryptocurrency  and its underlying “Blockchain ” technology has created much excitement in the technology community. The financial technology sector sees high potential value in Cryptocurrency Blockchain  protocols, or distributed-ledger technology. The key advantage of this technology lies in the fact that it enables the establishment of secured, trusted, and decentralized autonomous ecosystems for various scenarios, especially for better usage of the legacy devices, infrastructure, and resources. In this paper, we presented a systematic investigation of Blockchain  and Cryptocurrencies with explained simply in a way that Cryptocurrency is a form of digital currency that is being used to make transactions using a ledger known as Blockchain  which is a decentralized system of banking in which there is no centralized authority and all the control lies on an algorithm and its controlling users. Blockchain , a financial tool that can potentially play an important role in the sustainable development of the global economy. The new technology is expected to bring massive benefits to consumers, to current banking system and to the whole society in general. 

Money Code Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Challenging Research ◽  
Digital Politics ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
And Control

Newly emerging cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology present a challenging research problem in the field of digital politics and economics. Bitcoin—the first widely implemented cryptocurrency and blockchain architecture—seemingly separates itself from the existing territorial boundedness of nation-state money via a process of algorithmic decentralisation. Proponents declare that the utilisation of cryptography to advance financial transactions will disrupt the modern centralised structures by which capitalist economies are currently organised: corporations, governments, commercial banks, and central banks. Allegedly, software can create a more stable and democratic global economy; a world free from hierarchy and control. In Money Code Space, Jack Parkin debunks these utopian claims by approaching distributed ledger technologies as a spatial and social problem where power forms unevenly across their networks. First-hand accounts of online communities, open-source software governance, infrastructural hardware operations, and Silicon Valley start-up culture are used to ground understandings of cryptocurrencies in the “real world.” Consequently, Parkin demonstrates how Bitcoin and other blockchains are produced across a multitude of tessellated spaces from which certain stakeholders exercise considerable amounts of power over their networks. While money, code, and space are certainly transformed by distributed ledgers, algorithmic decentralisation is rendered inherently paradoxical because it is predicated upon centralised actors, practices, and forces.

International Financial Centres after the Global Financial Crisis and Brexit

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Financial Technology

This book gathers leading economic historians, geographers, and social scientists to focus on the developments in key international financial centres following the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and to consider the likely effects of Brexit on these centres. Eleven centres in eight countries are taken into consideration: New York, London, Frankfurt, Paris, Zurich/Geneva, Hong Kong/Shanghai/Beijing, Tokyo, and Singapore. The book addresses three main issues. The first is the hierarchy of international financial centres, in particular whether Asian financial centres have taken advantage of the crisis in the West. The second is the medium-term effects of the crisis, with respect to the volume of business activity (including employment), and the level of regulation, with concerns regarding the risks of regulatory overkill. And the third is the rise of new technology, known as fintech, possibly the most important change in the decade following the crisis, with questions as to whether it will render financial centres, as we know them, unnecessary for the functioning of the global economy, and which cities are likely to emerge as hubs of new financial technology. Finally, the book discusses the likely effects of Brexit on international financial centres, in particular London, Paris, and Frankfurt. The book takes a decidedly interdisciplinary approach, with a general introduction providing a global overview from a historical perspective, and a general conclusion providing a global overview from a geographical perspective. Its focus on the implications for global financial centres is unique among books about the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis.

scholarly journals Tracking of Clinical Documentation Based on the Blockchain Technology—A Polish Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9517
Author(s):  
Łukasz Wyciślik ◽  
Elżbieta Marcinkowska
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Documentation System ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
General Data

The article presents the concept of application DLT (distributed ledger technologies) for building the electronic clinical documentation tracking system. After a short introduction to block chain issues, and discussion about the attempts of its application on various fields of everyday human life, including healthcare, basic requirements for tracking of clinical documentation system are presented, followed by the proposition of its architecture leveraging the distributed ledger technologies. The paper is concluded with a discussion about the possibilities of running such a system, regarding constraints coming from local legal regulations and general data protection regulation (GDPR), but also economic and social conditions, including ecological ones, which are part of the sustainable development trend.

Use of blockchain in designing smart city

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surbhi Dewan ◽  
Latika Singh
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Wide Range

PurposeA blockchain is a shared distributed ledger technology that stores the information of every transaction in the network. The blockchain has emerged with a huge diversity of applications not only in the economic but in the non-economical domain as well. Blockchain technology promises to provide a wide range of solutions to the problems faced during implementation of smart cities. It has the potential to build smart contracts more secure, thus eliminating the need for centralized authority.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a proof-of-concept for a use case that uses an Ethereum platform to build a blockchain network to buy, sell or rent a property.FindingsThe findings of this study provide an opportunity to create novel decentralized scalable solutions to develop smart cities by enabling paperless transactions. There are enormous opportunities in this distributed ledger technology which will bring a revolutionary change in upcoming years.Originality/valueThe concept of blockchain along with smart contracts can be used as a promising technology for sharing services which is a common requirement in smart cities. All the blockchain transactions are stored in decentralized shared database. The transaction recorded in decentralized system is immutable, it cannot be altered and hence chance of forgery is negligible.

scholarly journals A Review of Blockchain in Internet of Things and AI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany F. Atlam ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Azad ◽  
Ahmed G. Alzahrani ◽  
Gary Wills
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Impact

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new technology that enables both virtual and physical objects to be connected and communicate with each other, and produce new digitized services that improve our quality of life. The IoT system provides several advantages, however, the current centralized architecture introduces numerous issues involving a single point of failure, security, privacy, transparency, and data integrity. These challenges are an obstacle in the way of the future developments of IoT applications. Moving the IoT into one of the distributed ledger technologies may be the correct choice to resolve these issues. Among the common and popular types of distributed ledger technologies is the blockchain. Integrating the IoT with blockchain technology can bring countless benefits. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive discussion of integrating the IoT system with blockchain technology. After providing the basics of the IoT system and blockchain technology, a thorough review of integrating the blockchain with the IoT system is presented by highlighting benefits of the integration and how the blockchain can resolve the issues of the IoT system. Then, the blockchain as a service for the IoT is presented to show how various features of blockchain technology can be implemented as a service for various IoT applications. This is followed by discussing the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) on both IoT and blockchain. In the end, future research directions of IoT with blockchain are presented.

Crypto-friendliness: understanding blockchain public policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikayla Novak
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise the chief aspects of policy interest in blockchain technology. Design/methodology/approach The paper outlines policymaking processes in the context of innovation and technological change, assesses generic variations in policy treatment towards blockchain, and identifies manifestations of policy entrepreneurship using national case studies of blockchain policies. Findings Favourable policy dispositions towards blockchain technology are interpreted as political efforts to develop local, blockchain-enabled economies. So-called “crypto-friendly” jurisdictions proactively clarify regulatory and tax treatments of cryptocurrency and other blockchain applications, and trial blockchain uses in fields predominated by public sector activity. Policymakers in countries hostile towards blockchain-related activity have instigated bans or strict limitations with respect to blockchain engagement by developers and users. Research limitations/implications Reliance upon case studies suggests the need for alternative study approaches (e.g. index construction, empirical research) as blockchain use consolidates throughout the global economy. Practical implications This paper provides insight to policymakers and blockchain practitioners regarding the attributes of accommodative policies towards distributed ledger technology. Social implications Countries and sub-national regions exhibiting a more welcoming policy stance are more likely to attract entrepreneurs and investors in the crypto-economic blockchain space. Originality/value This paper develops a policy “crypto-friendliness” construct to assess the extent to which policymakers enact accommodative policies for blockchain development.

scholarly journals Governance in the era of Blockchain technology in Qatar: a roadmap and a manual for Trade Finance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Antoine Ibrahim ◽  
Jon Truby
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Financial Technology

AbstractNations worldwide have sought to capitalize on the benefits of distributed ledger technology (DLT) including Blockchain, but struggled to strike a balance between encouraging investment and innovation in the technology while addressing the challenges and uncertainties through regulation. Through its FinTech (Financial Technology) Strategy, Qatar has sought to embrace DLT, but its regulatory approach also remains cautious. Trade Finance is an ideal business process to be disrupted through the benefits of DLT and especially Blockchain technology, since its processes remain antiquated, inefficient and lack digitization. Blockchain as a form of DLT particularly offers the Trade Finance process not only more rapid, secure, cost-effective and efficient procedures, but importantly completely assures trust between importers and exporters and removes the requirement to place such trust in third-party intermediaries. Qatar can reap considerable economic benefits through the enhancement of its Trade Finance regulations enabling the adoption of such Blockchain technology. As such, the authors propose a roadmap and manual for the governance of the Trade Finance Blockchain ecosystem in Qatar. The authors propose multi-layered governance approach to the regulation of Blockchain in Qatar by (1) embracing international regulations and standards; (2) replicating foreign regional and national rules that are appropriate and innovative; and (3) applying sandbox regulations to Blockchain products and services.

scholarly journals THE TREASURY SERVICING PROCESS MANAGING OF BUDGET EXECUTION BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Savastieieva ◽  
Larysa Borysova ◽  
Tetiana Zhuravlova
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
Servicing Process ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Distributed Ledger Technology ◽  
Level Information ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Financial Transactions

The article explores the possibilities and international experience of using multi-functional and multi-level information blockchain technology, the main purpose of which is reliable accounting of financial transactions with various assets. A mechanism for determining the legitimacy of transactions sequence carried out using distributed ledger technology is considered. The main directions of the distributed ledger technology application by the business community in all spheres and sectors of the global economy are identified. The mechanism of using smart contracts based on block-technology in the Treasury servicing system was designed and presented. The preformed mechanism covers the management process of all Treasury servicing procedures of the estimates expenditure part of budget managers. The complex of advantages from the implementation of distributed ledger technology to the Treasury servicing system for state and local budgets is determined.

scholarly journals Blockchain technology as a key element in the development of the oil and gas industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Azieva
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Main Thing

New breakthrough technologies can have a positive or negative impact on the development of the fuel and energy sector. Therefore, the main thing is to evaluate technologies, analyze their suitability for the industry and determine priorities for future opportunities, i.e., identify technologies that provide new advantages for the energy world, and determine how, when and how their impact will become tangible. In this regard, researchers have determined that the innovative technology of the XXI century, recognized to transform the national and global economy is the blockchain technology. The article provides an overview of blockchain technology, defines the principles of its operation and possible applications, i.e., identifies the mechanism of action of the revolutionary system, as well as presents the players of the oil and gas industry to launch blockchain technology and identifies the advantages of innovative technology used in the oil and gas sector. It is determined that on the basis of the new technology, it is possible to create a single network for digitizing all interaction processes and automating them. The study also shows that the scope of application of blockchain in the oil and gas business is much broader, which determines the possibility of further consideration of a wide range of the need for the use of blockchain technology for the oil and gas industry, as well as its impact on the development of oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals The Crypto Effect on Cross Border Transfers and Future Trends of Cryptocurrencies

e-Finanse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Burak Uyduran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Money Transfers ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical and empirical outlook on different aspects of various cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology including the evolution of digital tokens and how they widely affect the financial markets, organizations, banks, governments via analyzing the characteristics and current history of cryptocurrencies alongside with blockchain technology. The choice of this topic was motivated by the fact that the virtual money concept and blockchain technology are utterly new phenomena. This new technology is completely decentralized making the subject worthy of scientific research.The paper solely focuses on analyzing how cryptocurrencies currently affect the financial markets and the future trends of these virtual tokens in the global economy. The study is keen to further examine the impact of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies on international fund transfers. Literature review and case study with up-to-date data has been included in the analysis. The following results have been obtained: cryptocurrencies offer a wide range of features such as faster, cheaper and more secure cross-border money transfers that can also provide anonymity. Most crypto tokens are highly volatile due to their nature and various other factors. Cryptocurrencies could provide more beneficial options for users on cross border transfers compared to traditional methods of fund transfers. Cryptocurrencies might have the potential to replace paper money and gain mainstream recognition throughout the world. The study sheds light onto current and future trends of cryptocurrencies and blockchain. It is outlined for the crypto, financial, economic field.

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