scholarly journals Bio-Rational Management of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais in Maize (Zea Mays) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p59
Author(s):  
M. M. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder ◽  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Cereal Grain

Bangladesh is a sub-tropical and humid country. That is why, the infestation of insects during storage is very common here. The maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), locally known as “Katta Poka”, is one of the most serious cosmopolitan pest of stored cereal grain, especially of maize (Zea mays L.), in tropical and subtropical regions including Bangladesh. Considering the issue, the study was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Entomology, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to evaluate the efficacy of four locally available botanicals and chemicals. The botanicals used were: Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf, Datura (Datura stramonium) leaf, Nishinda (Vitex negundo L) leaf and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders at three different doses (3, 4 and 5gm)/100g of grain seed against maize weevil. The results revealed that all test materials at 5g doses exhibited higher mortality action against maize weevil while at 3g doses it gave the lowest percentage efficacy. Powdered leaves of neem and datura at 4 and 5gm were showed statistical significant (P<0.01) differences while powdered leaves of nishinda at the similar rates were observed with moderately effectiveness and powdered tablet of garlic gave the lowest mortality rate within 28 days of exposure in all tested doses. These findings suggest that botanical treatments exerted better mortality of maize weevil and reduced maize seed weight loss with higher germination capacity compared to the untreated control. It was also observed that the highest mortality percentage, lowest seed weight loss and highest germination capacity in the seeds which were treated with Sevin 85SP at the rate of 0.25g/100g maize seeds. Maize grains treated with botanicals, indicated that insect reproduction and development were impaired in all botanical pesticides. It is suggested that datura leaf, neem leaf powder can be used as good alternatives to chemical insecticides against S. zeamays due to their higher mortality, lower seed weight losses and higher germination capacity.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf leaf extract as seed protectant against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Diligent Oboho ◽  
Joseph Eyo ◽  
Felicia Ekeh ◽  
Solomon Okweche
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal property of <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> leaf extract as seed protectant against maize weevil. One (1) gram each of acetone, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were re-suspended in 5 ml of deionized water and used to impregnate filter papers set in four replicates. Varied concentrations of the aqueous extract per 50 g of <em>Zea mays</em> grains infested with 10 pairs of sexed <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> for 28 days were tested for insecticidal properties and compared with experimental and synthetic conventional insecticide [Coopex (0.25 g)] controls. Parameters assessed were effect of <em>C. citratus</em> extracts on weevil mortality (toxicity test) and protection of maize against <em>S. zeamais</em>. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using New Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. Results showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) concentration and duration dependent mortalities of <em>S. zeamais</em>. The aqueous extract gave the highest protection of the maize grains followed by chloroform, methanol and acetone extracts respectively. The insecticidal potency of <em>C. citratus</em> extracts and its availability places it as an attractive biopesticide in traditional post-harvest seed protection.

scholarly journals CNSL Concentration and Natural Dyes Effects in Formulation of Botanical Pesticide on Sitophilus zeamais and Maize Seed Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dian Astriani ◽  
Wafit Dinarto ◽  
Aji Jatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Push Down

Maize is an important commodity in Indonesia and is vulnerable to maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) during storage which can cause a 100% yield loss. Chasew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) is a botanical pesticide able to control S. zeamais. Increasing CNSL efficiency and effectiveness requires additional adjuvants, such as solvents and dyes. Natural dyes addition is intended to provide seed markers. This study aimed to determine the best CNSL and natural dye formulation to control maize weevil and maintain maize seeds quality during storage. The research was conducted from August to October 2018 at the Agronomy Laboratory, Faculty of Agroindustry, Yogyakarta Mercu Buana University. The research was a single factor consisted of seven treatments with four replications arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments were combinations of CNSL concentrations with the addition of natural dyes from suji leaf and teak leaves with one untreated control. The results of the research showed that CNSL as a seed treatment botanical pesticide could cause mortality and suppress S. zeamais populations and maintain the quality of maize seeds during storage for 12 weeks. Treatments with 20% CNSL formulation concentration and the addition of natural dyes both leaf pleomele or teak leaves could cause higher mortality and push down more populations and also could better maintain seed quality than 10 and 0% CNSL formulation concentrations.

Relative susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties to infestation and damage by the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Nwosu ◽  
C.O. Adedire ◽  
E.O. Ogunwolu ◽  
M.O. Ashamo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Maize Varieties

Susceptibility studies keep farmers informed, and enhance breeding programmes' testing against infestation and damage by stored product pests. Therefore, the susceptibility of 20 elite maize varieties toSitophilus zeamaisinfestation was investigated in the laboratory at 32.7 °C ambient temperature and 70.4% relative humidity. The varieties tested were obtained from the Maize Breeding Units of International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), and Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&amp;T), both in Ibadan, Nigeria. Susceptibility was assessed, using as indices, weevil mortality and survival rates, percentage grain damage, percentage grain weight loss, weight of grain powder, weevil development time, and number of emerged adults. The susceptibility index was determined post-infestation at 56 days using Dobie's formula and at 90 days from a new formula derived from Dobie's formula. Susceptible varieties produced significantly (P≤ 0.05) high numbers of F1and F2progeny, and had significantly (P≤ 0.05) low weevil mortality and early first weevil emergence. Grain damage and loss increased with storage duration. There was no visible damage to varieties 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 at 56 days post-infestation. At 90 days, the two varieties had the lowest percentage grain damage, percentage weight loss, and weight of grain powder. The index of susceptibility at F2progeny showed that the resistant varieties decreased in number from 17 (85%) to 13 (65%) and the moderately resistant varieties increased from 2 (10%) to 6 (30%). This suggests the effect of prolonged storage duration on the inherent ability of varieties to resist weevil attack. Variety PVASYN3F2 was susceptible. The factors conferring high resistance to 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 should be investigated. They should be promoted to controlS. zeamaisinfestation and damage in stored maize.

scholarly journals The Compared Efficiency of the Traditional Method, Radiography without Contrast and Radiography with Contrast in the Determination of Infestation by Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) in Maize Seeds

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laene Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Eva Rezende Leite ◽  
Geraldo Andrade Carvalho ◽  
Fabiano França-Silva ◽  
Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Maize Seeds

Technologies that increase safety and efficiency, while facilitating and streamlining the work of seed analysts, are increasingly required by the seed industry. X-ray image analysis is a technique that has been used in the analysis of grain and seeds because it is fast, accurate and non-destructive. The traditional method to verify the presence of insect damage in seeds involves manual cutting of the seeds, which endangers the safety of the analyst and is time-consuming and repetitive work that leads to visual fatigue. The objective of this study was to compared the efficiency of radiographic analysis with and without contrast in the determination of infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), at different stages of development, in maize seeds, compared to the traditional method required by seed legislation, which consists of cutting and visual evaluation. Seeds were evaluated regarding the presence of eggs/oviposition signs, larvae, pupae, adult insects, insect damage in five infestation periods (5, 18, 33 and 35 days after infestation), while evaluating the total number of seeds infested, comparing the three methods. For characterization of the oviposition stage, the use of contrast was best at all times of infestation. For the larval stage, there was no difference between the evaluation methods; however, at 18 days, larger infestations were observed by the traditional method. At 5 days, the identification of pupae was better by the traditional method and radiography without contrast, while for the identification of adult insects the best method was the use of radiography without contrast. The characterization of the level of infestation with maize weevil damage was best verified using contrast radiography. Radiographic analysis is efficient in the detection of damage caused by S. zeamais in maize seeds. This method of radiographic analysis (with or without contrast) is thus an auxiliary tool to assess the damage and presence of S. zeamais in maize seeds.

scholarly journals Morphophysical and biochemical traits involved in maize grain varietal susceptibility to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Déthié Ngom ◽  
Marie-Laure Fauconnier ◽  
Paul Malumba ◽  
Cheikh Thiaw ◽  
Thierry Brévault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Varieties

Description of the subject. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food providing nutrients for humans and animals worldwide. In Sub-Saharan Africa, maize is stored to ensure food resource availability throughout the year. However, stored-product pests such as the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch.) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae) can cause huge grain losses. Objectives. This study aimed to assess the oviposition preference of Sitophilus zeamais over maize varieties commonly cultivated in Senegal and the effect of grain morphophysical and biochemical characteristics on their susceptibility to the maize weevil. Method. Twenty-five S. zeamais pairs (M/F) were placed in the center of an arena at equal distance of small heaps of maize grains (30 g) from nine maize varieties. Adult abundance, damaged grains, grain weight loss, and progeny were confronted to grain characteristics (phenolics and ferulic acid content, hardness, brightness, color and size of grains). Results. Susceptibility to the maize weevil varied significantly among maize varieties. Synth-9243 was the most susceptible variety with greatest damaged grains (10.5 ± 2.3%), grain weight loss (2.3 ± 0.6%), and progeny (17.3 ± 3.8 adults). The least susceptible varieties were Across-Pool, SWAN, Obatampa, and Tzee-Yellow. Grain characteristics such as phenolics and ferulic acid content were negatively related to susceptibility, but other constituents may have antixenosis or antibiosis effects. In addition, grain brightness may also have a visual effect deterring oviposition. Conclusions. The most repellent and less favorable varieties for S. zeamais were Tzee-Yellow, Across-Pool, Obatampa and SWAN, that presented high content of phenolics and ferulic acid, hardness and brightness of grains.

scholarly journals Biopesticidal Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus Chinensis L) in Chickpea Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. p184
Author(s):  
Md. Israfil Jahan ◽  
Masum Ahmad ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
Fakhar Uddin Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Leaf Powder

The pesticidal efficacy of four locally available leaves of botanicals like neem (Azadirachta indica), datura (Datura stramonium),  marigold (Tagetes erecta) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) tablet powders was assessed on pulse bettle (Callosobruchus chinensis L) through adult mortality and emergence, oviposition performance, seed damage, weight loss and germination  of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). The above test biopesticides were tested at three different rates (0.5 g, 1.0 g and 1.50 g powder/kg of chickpea seeds). All the tested powder showed significant effect on the above parameters. The highest adult mortality was recorded when chickpea seeds were treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg, whereas marigold showed the least effect on adult mortality. The powders used in the experiment effectively controlled oviposition and adult emergence of pulse beetle. The lowest number of adult emergence was obtained from chickpea seeds treated with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg. The highest weight loss was observed in control seeds followed by marigold leaf powder 0.5 g/kg gram seeds. Datura leaf powder treated seeds showed the lowest seed weight loss followed by neem, garlic and marigold. Plant powders had profound effect on seed germination. The highest germination was observed in treated seed with datura leaf powder at 1.50 g/kg and the lowest germination in control seed followed by marigold leaf powder at 1.5 g/kg treated seeds. The pesticidal effect on oviposition, adult mortality, adult emergence, and seed weight loss was directly proportional to leaf powder rates.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Eucalyptus Leaf (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera) and Pirimiphos-methyl Powders against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) in Stored Maize

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
C. P. O. Emeka ◽  
F. K. Ewete ◽  
S. T. Ebeniro
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Leaf Powder

Annually, Nigeria loses 20–40% of maize grain due to insect pests attack. However, insect pest control in stored products relied heavily on the use of gaseous fumigants and residual contact insecticides. The control method is limited as it is toxic to beneficials and humans. Efforts have now shifted to the use of edible plant materials as protectants of which the tropics are well endowed with. Therefore, a study was conducted in laboratory in order to evaluate the effectiveness of powders of eucalyptus leaf (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Schlecht,) moringa seed (Moringa oleifera Lam.) and Pirimiphos-methyl against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) on stored maize (Zea mays L.). camaldulensis leaf powder showed 100% repellence effect at a concentration of 2.0 g / 20 g maize seeds while M. oleifera seed powder had 75% repellence effect against S. zeamais. Contact toxicity of E. camaldulensis leaf powder on S. zeamais was 65% at 1.0 g/20 g maize seeds after 96 hours of exposure. Contact toxicity of M. oleifera seed powder on S. zeamais was 60% at 96 hours of exposure at a concentration of 1.0 g/20 g maize seeds. The powders of E. camaldulensis leaf and M. oleifera seed showed promising effects against S. zeamais in stored maize, hence could be incorporated in an integrated approach as alternative to synthetic pesticides when used in reducing weevil infestation in stored maize seeds.

Identification of Host Kairomones from Maize, Zea mays, for the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1402-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Ukeh ◽  
Christine M. Woodcock ◽  
John A. Pickett ◽  
Michael A. Birkett
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Maize Weevil
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