Euergetism and city-walls in the Italian city of Telesia

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Richard Ramanius
Keyword(s):  
City Wall ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Italian City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

Six inscriptions relating to the construction of the fortifications of the southern Italian town of Telesia were analyzed and compared to three inscriptions of the same type from the Italian town of Grumentum. The purpose of this was to gain insight into how Italian towns funded and organized the construction of city-walls during the Late Republic. The city-walls were built progressively in both towns, and in both cases were probably funded by private citizens, even if they were acting as magistrates. In Grumentum an older city-wall was gradually replaced by letting each new, annually elected magistrate build a new section. It would seem that in Telesia the walls were built first. The subsequent construction of the towers probably followed the plan of the local senate and was paid for by the magistrates themselves. The expressions pro ludeis/ludis on some inscriptions suggest that they were built instead of giving games.

Preservation Strategies of Longdong Ancient City Walls in Systematic Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Yu ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Lina Wang
Keyword(s):  
Point System ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
System Planning ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Historic Landmark ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Great Portion

City wall is an important symbol of ancient Chinese cities with unique geographical and cultural characteristics. Thus, the preservation of this historic landmark is considered significantly important. However, numerous residential construction activities and changes in ecological environment have destructed a great portion of the city walls in recent years. This study looks into the preservation of the ancient city walls from the systematic perspective and in line with the actual characteristics of Longdong Region to provide guideline measures for the protection and restoration of such landmark. Cognition and preservation are adopted extensively to investigate the specific situation of and the factors that influence the ancient city walls in this region. Preservation strategies for the city walls, including the “Axis-Point” system, planning control, and authenticity readability, are presented. The ancient city walls in Longdong Region can be preserved by protecting the entire region, the city, and the main wall body. The systematic method and preservation strategies at the “macro perspective,” “medium perspective” and “micro perspective” levels can solve the preservation problems of the ancient city walls in Longdong Region effectively.

Writings on the City Wall

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nili Steinfeld ◽  
Azi Lev-On
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Facebook Pages ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

Municipality Facebook pages are significant social media arenas for maintaining contact between representatives and their constituencies. The authors use digital tools to collect and analyze some 24,000 posts from the Facebook pages of all Israeli municipalities in a six-month period. Following a purely automatic linguistic analysis of the texts of all posts published on the pages, this study moved to a manual coding of a sample of the most popular posts in the data in order to gain insight into the character of the discourse in these arenas; the actors; the format, type, and emotionality of the contents that attract the highest levels of engagement.

scholarly journals STUDY ON EXTRACTION AND EXPRESSION METHODS OF BULGING DISEASES IN ANCIENT CITY WALLS

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W20 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Q. Song ◽  
Y. G. Hu ◽  
M. L. Hou
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The City

Abstract. The ancient city wall contains rich cultural values. Due to environmental and human factors, there are many diseases in the ancient city wall: bulging, cracking, etc., which will lead to the collapse or even death of the ancient city wall. Therefore, the monitoring and protection of the ancient city wall is imminent. This paper proposes a new scheme for bulging monitoring for wall bulging. The feature plane is fitted according to the actual scan data, the degree of bulging, the trend and the area size are determined, and the bulging deformation of the city wall is displayed in the form of an image. Simplify workflow, improve data processing efficiency, and display more intuitively.

scholarly journals Forum provinciae in Sarmizegetusa

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Ádám Szabó ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
Exact Match ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Imperial Cult ◽  
The Third ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Made In

L. F. Marsigli represented three archaeological structures on the map of Colonia Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, made in 1699 and published in 1726 – the city walls, the amphitheatre and a rectangular, double-walled building which encloses an empty space, and which has a square-shaped niche on one side (Pl. I/2). The map, compared in scale to the results of archaeological excavations and geophysical surveys shows an exact match with the currently known groundplan of the city wall, its northeastern corner and the amphitheatre. The third building may be identified as the centre of the provincial assembly (concilium provinciae)1 and the provincial imperial cult, namely the forum provinciae, that was situated within the territory of the Area sacra (Pl. I/1; Pl. II), approximately 20 metres to the northwest from the location given by Marsigli. The two textual fragments previously found in the area also support the assessment of the structure of forum provinciae. The dislocation of the third building on the map was presumably due to misprinting or Marsigli’s field error. Today, the area is still unexplored, only future archeological excavations can justify or refute the exact characteristics, structure and periodisation of the third building depicted on Marsigli’s map.

scholarly journals An urban extent dataset in late imperial China in 15th–19th centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaofeng Xue ◽  
Xiaobin Jin ◽  
Yinong Cheng ◽  
Xuhong Yang ◽  
Yinkang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
City Walls ◽  
Urban Extent ◽  
The City

Abstract. Long-term urban extent data are highly desirable for understanding urban land use patterns and achieving sustainable development goals. However, urban observation data based on remote sensing are typically confined to recent decades. In this study, we advance in this arena by reconstructing the urban extents for China that extend back from 15th century to 19th century based on multiple historical documents. Cities in late imperial China (the Ming and the Qing Dynasties, 1368–1911) generally had city walls, and these walls were usually built around the urban built-up area. By restoring the scope of the city walls, the urban extend in this period could be restored. Firstly, we collected the years of construction or reconstruction of city walls from the historical data. Specifically, the period in which the scope of the city wall keeps unchanged is recorded as a lifetime of it. Secondly, specialization of the scope of the city wall could be conducted based on the urban morphology method, and variety of documentation, including the historical literature materials, the military topographic maps of the first half of the 20th century, and the remote sensing images of the 1970s. Correlation and integration of the lifetime and the spatial data would produce China City Wall Areas Dataset (CCWAD) in late imperial. Based on the proximity to the time of most of the city walls, we generated China Urban Extent Dataset (CUED) in the 15th–19th centuries in six representative years (i.e., 1400, 1537, 1648, 1708, 1787, and 1866). These datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14112968.v1

scholarly journals Amersfoort’s city walls

Bulletin KNOB ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Van de Pol
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
City Council ◽  
First Wall ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
City Wall ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Southern Section ◽  
Historical Centre

The development of Amersfoort’s two city walls can be divided into five periods. The first city wall was built in the first period 1259-1379. Although Amersfoort had been granted a charter in 1259, construction of the wall did not commence until after a serious assault by troops from the duchy of Gelre (Geulders) in 1274. The defensive wall was made stronger on that side, probably in expectation of more attacks from that direction. Between 1380 and 1500 Gelre troops attacked Amersfoort on multiple occasions and offensive firepower increased. Interestingly, Amersfoort opted to build a second city wall rather than reinforcing the existing one, considerably increasing the size of the city in the process. However, the project proved difficult to finance, defend and maintain, most likely due to the stagnating economy. Instead of being demolished after the second wall was in place, the first wall was reinforced with abutting houses, thereby becoming a kind of rampart within a rampart. The new fortifications turned out to be ineffective and in 1501 the city council decided to demolish the first city wall. This freed up space for a second generation of wall houses, mostly built from reused stone and with their front elevation on the trajectory of the first wall, with the exception of the houses along Krankeledenstraat and the southern section of Breestraat. In this same period, up until 1644, there was an attempt to strengthen Amersfoort’s defences. Several fortification plans were drawn up, none of which was implemented in its entirety, most probably due to a lack of financial resources. The ramparts that were realized are concentrated in the south-west since in this period the possibility of a new Spanish incursion was greater than any threat from Gelre. In the third period, 1645-1828, the council’s approval of additional openings in the city wall marked the beginning of a gradual deterioration of the defensive works. They had always been a big budget item, yet they had not been particularly effective. Accordingly, the council decided to convert the fortifications into lucrative functions. The Davidsbolwerk, for example, was turned into a cemetery. The most extensive demolition probably started in 1778 when it was also decided to dismantle various outer and inner gates in the second city wall. By 1829 the fortifications had entirely lost their defensive function and the city council proposed converting the outer line into a green pathway encircling the city, which would have resulted in the disappearance of all remaining traces of the wall. However, this was averted in 1844 by a national ban on the demolition of fortifications and they were subsequently integrated with the walking route. City planners continued to submit applications for demolition but encountered fierce resistance from heritage organizations. In addition, many remnants avoided demolition because most urban expansion occurred outside the historical centre. This resulted in a concomitant shift in the economic focus so that the fortifications no longer needed to be sacrificed to industrial development. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, with appreciation for the heritage value of fortifications growing, money became available for their restoration and Amersfoort’s historical centre was declared a conservation area.

scholarly journals When the virtual influences reality. The conservation project of the Toledo Gate in Ciudad Real (Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
A. Almagro Vidal ◽  
I. Ramírez González ◽  
C. Clemente San Román
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
3D Models ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
Final Project ◽  
Virtual Reconstruction ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The City

The Toledo Gate of Ciudad Real, Spain, constructed between the late 13th and early 14th centuries, is the last remaining portion of a once complete medieval city wall. It represents the long history of the city and constitutes its main heritage symbol, dividing the historic city centre from the later 19th and 20th century expansions. In October 2012, the Town Hall and the Montemadrid Foundation started the conservation works to preserve this important monument. The preliminary phase of this project included an in-depth series of scientific studies which were carried out by a multidisciplinary team focusing on archival research, historic investigations, archaeological excavations as well as material composition analysis and main treatment application tests. As a result of these studies a series of virtual 3D models were created to inform, discuss and study the monument. A first digital model permitted visualization of the gate in the 19th century and how the main entrance to the city was integrated as a fundamental part of the city walls. This virtual reconstruction also became an important part of the campaign to raise awareness among the citizens towards a monument that had remained in the shadows for the last century, isolated in a roundabout after the systematic demolition of the city walls in the late 19th century. <br><br> Over the last three years and as a result of these archaeological and historic investigations and subsequent virtual models, surprisingly new and interesting data were brought to light thus permitting the establishment and corroboration of a new and updated hypothesis of the Toledo Gate that goes beyond the previous ideas. As a result of these studies a new architectural typology with construction techniques of has been suggested. <br><br> This paper describes how the results of this continuous and interdisciplinary documentation process have benefitted from a computer graphic reconstruction of the gate. It highlights how virtual reconstruction can be a powerful tool for conservation decision making and awareness raising. Furthermore, the interesting results of the final reconstruction hypothesis convinced the technical team responsible for the conservation to alter some aspects of the final project physical interventions in order to focus on some of the features and conclusions discovered through the virtual model study.

Roman-period pottery from a trench by the northern city wall in Beit Ras/Capitolias

2020 ◽  
pp. 577-602
Author(s):  
Jolanta Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Roman Period ◽  
City Wall ◽  
The City ◽  
Northern City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Northern Jordan

One of the trenches opened by the team of the PCMA during 2015–2016 at the site of Beit Ras (ancient Capitolias) in the governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan, revealed remains of the defensive city wall. Neither the foundation nor the earliest walking level connected with the wall could have been reached; however, the archaeological exploration allowed to identify three upper floors, all posterior to the construction of the city wall. The analysis of the ceramics from under the floors permitted to establish the repertory of the local, regional and some imported wares in the Roman-period Capitolias and, at the same time, provided an insight into the chronology of the defenses of ancient Capitolias.

Research on the Rehabilitation of the Ancient City Wall of the Wuchang Uprising Gate

2012 ◽  
Vol 166-169 ◽  
pp. 1526-1529
Author(s):  
Zhu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Tang Dynasty ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The South ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Xinghai Revolution, the government of Wuchang district in Wuhan City intends to rehabilitate rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls. After access to historical data, site survey, mapping, photographing and measuring, the rehabilitating engineering program of rain-wind corridor, feudal pavilion and the city walls of the Wuchang Uprising Gate is achieved. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371), Ming dynasty, Zhou Dexing, the duke of Jiangxia, built Wuchang city on the basis of Yingzhou city of Tang dynasty. Wuchang city has large scale. In Ming and Qing dynasty, it was the legacy of county, town, city and province. Its diameter from the east to the west was of 2.5 km, with 3 km from the north to south. The thickness of wall foundation is 22.44 m, with top thickness 17.82 m. Nine gates were designed for the ancient city. The Uprising gate, one of the nine gate of the Wuchang ancient city, was opened to the south and also the busiest gate for entering the city. New Army Engineering Battalion of Hubei took the lead and fired the first shot. And then they occupied Zhonghe Gate and Chu Wangtai to welcome the South Lake artillery, Ma team and other revolutionaries.

Excavations at Tocra (1985-1992)

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 59-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Buzaian
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The University ◽  
Pottery Kiln ◽  
The City ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThis article presents a preliminary report on the post-excavation analysis of excavations conducted between 1985 and 1992 by the Department of Archaeology of the University of Garyunis (Benghazi) at the ancient city of Tocra. The construction and design of the buildings excavated are analysed, with particular emphasis on the late antique phases; and descriptions of pottery, other artefacts (including two early Islamic coins) are given. The area appears to have been an artisan district, as evidenced by the finds of a pottery kiln, ovens, vats and other structures associated with manufacturing activities. Mortar and plaster samples were analysed to help phase the structures, and to compare the excavated vats with their counterparts at another site within the city. A limited study of the faunal remains gives some insight into diet at the site in late antiquity.The study shows clearly that Tocra remained inhabited after the Arab conquest (AD 640s), confirming suggestions of previous excavations at other sites within the city wall.

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