scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Preparation of Nano-Crystalline Cellulose from Tropical Water Hyacinth

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Abdul Latif ◽  
Yasir Fathi Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Average Crystal Size ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Stretching Vibration

Because of the conservation problems causes by the existence of water hyacinth (W.H) as an watery plant in water bodies of Iraq, our study aimed to make  use of (W.H) by isolation of microcrystalline cellulose, and a new method of preparation of Nano crystalline cellulose. Microcrystalline cellulose was produced using base bleaching method by sodium hypochlorite [NaOCl] to remove unorganized region of cellulose and lignin to create particles comprising of micro crystal and preparing of Nano crystalline cellulose from microcrystalline cellulose by acid hydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment. The Nano crystalline and microcrystalline cellulose characterized by AFM, FTIR, XRD and TGA. FT-IR spectra of microcrystalline cellules and Nano crystalline cellulose show peaks at (1076.28, 1058.92) cm-1 and (1118.71, 1112.93) cm-1 refer to the stretching vibration of   C–O and stretching vibration intermolecular ester bonding.         The AFM image shows that isolated microcrystalline cellulose have a diameter of (141.37 nm) and the prepared Nano crystalline have a diameter of (87.39 nm). The Thermo gravimetric analysis of cellulose showed a high decomposition temperature at (283°C) for microcrystalline cellulose and (253)°C for Nano crystalline cellulose .The thermal stability of microcrystalline cellulose was more than Nano crystalline cellulose XRD result possessed a segal crystallinity index of 92.8 % and a average crystal size of 41.7 A ° for Nano crystalline cellulose and a Segal Crystallinity Index of 86.4 % and a average crystal size of 55.3°A    of microcrystalline cellulose.   

scholarly journals Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Microcrystalline Cellulose of Date Palm Fibers as a Promising Candidate for Bio-Nanocomposites: Isolation and Characterization

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5313
Author(s):  
Amina Hachaichi ◽  
Benalia Kouini ◽  
Lau Kia Kian ◽  
Mohammad Asim ◽  
Hassan Fouad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Date Palm Fibers

Date palm fiber (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is a natural biopolymer rich in lignocellulosic components. Its high cellulose content lends them to the extraction of tiny particles like microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). These cellulose-derived small size particles can be used as an alternative biomaterial in wide fields of application due to their renewability and sustainability. In the present work, NCC (A) and NCC (B) were isolated from date palm MCC at 60 min and 90 min hydrolysis times, respectively. The isolated NCC product was subjected to characterization to study their properties differences. With the hydrolysis treatment, the yields of produced NCC could be attained at between 22% and 25%. The infrared-ray functional analysis also revealed the isolated NCC possessed a highly exposed cellulose compartment with minimized lignoresidues of lignin and hemicellulose. From morphology evaluation, the nanoparticles’ size was decreased gradually from NCC (A) (7.51 nm width, 139.91 nm length) to NCC (B) (4.34 nm width, 111.51 nm length) as a result of fragmentation into cellulose fibrils. The crystallinity index was found increasing from NCC (A) to NCC (B). With 90 min hydrolysis time, NCC (B) showed the highest crystallinity index of 71% due to its great cellulose rigidity. For thermal analysis, NCC (B) also exhibited stable heat resistance, in associating with its highly crystalline cellulose structure. In conclusion, the NCC isolated from date palm MCC would be a promising biomaterial for various applications such as biomedical and food packaging applications.

XRD and FTIR Studies of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Water Hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes) Fiber

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mochamad Asrofi ◽  
Hairul Abral ◽  
Anwar Kasim ◽  
Adjar Pratoto
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Type I ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes

The isolation and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) from water hyacinth (WH) fibers were carried out. There are two treatments to obtain NCC from WH fibers by chemical and mechanical treatments. The chemical treatment involved alkalization with NaOH 25% in a highly-pressured tube, acid hydrolysis with 5M HCl, and bleaching with (NaClO2:CH3COOH) in ratio 5:2. The mechanical treatment was performed by using ultrasonic homogenizing at 12000 Rpm for 2 h. The morphological surface was observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). TEM reported that the size of NCC was 10–40 nm. Crystallinity index and functional group analysis of the NCC WH fibers were also examined using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. XRD reported that the crystallinity index increased significantly after chemical and mechanical treatment due to the presents of crystalline area in the WH fibers. The crystallinity index of raw fiber, digester, bleaching, and ultrasonic homogenizing were 7%, 68%, 69%, and 73% respectively. The content cellulose of final product was 68% as measured by the chemical composition test. Meanwhile, FTIR reported that WH fibers after being given chemical treatment lead the functional group change due to removal hemicellulose and lignin. The result of XRD and FTIR were indicated that the sample of NCC WH fibers presents the structure of cellulose crystal type I.

scholarly journals Modifikasi Serat Limbah Kubis Menjadi Nanokristalin Selulosa Melalui Metode Hidrolisis Asam

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Arjuna ◽  
Selva Natsir ◽  
Andi Amelia Khumaerah ◽  
Risfah Yulianty
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Natural Cellulose ◽  
Ft Ir

As one of vegetable plants in South Sulawesi, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) crops has generated cellulose fibers biomass which is potentially modified into nano-crystalline cellulose, a valuable material in the pharmaceutical formula. Therefore, this study aims to manipulate the natural cellulose fibers of cabbage biomass through acid hydrolysis method within product preliminary evaluation through FT-IR and XRD. The fibers were modified through the bleaching process produce micro crystalline cellulose, which was then hydrolyzed with 65% sulfuric acid to obtain nanocrystalline cellulose. The products have yellow pale to brown colour, with a yield of 10.06% and 31.16% respectively. Based on FT-IR spectra, both products inherit cellulose characteristics, C-O (1232.16 cm-1); C = O (1743.65 cm-1); -OH (1625.99 cm-1); C-H (2920.23 cm-1); O-H (3414 cm-1). The increasing trend of crystallinity index during the process was also observed in XRD diffractogram. It is identifiable from 7.41% for natural fiber, 69.68% for crystalline microcrystalline, and 78.01% for nano crystalline cellulose. Through Match®, the estimated crystalline product size reaches 58.91 nm.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CELLULOSE AND MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE (MCC) FROM Marantochloa cuspidata LEAVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R Udo ◽  
T. U. Onuegbu ◽  
T. U. Onuegbu ◽  
U. D. Akpabio
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Stretching Vibration

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from Marantochloa cuspidata leaves were isolated and characterized. The physicochemical properties of the leaves were investigated. The functional groups analyses were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and the crystalline structure were investigated using X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The morphology and thermal stabilities were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) respectively. The moisture content of the leaves was 7.16± 0.12%. From FTIR, the spectra showed that the hemicelluloses and lignin were removed from the extracted cellulose. The peaks at 1733cm in the spectra of M. cuspidata leaves which were attributed to C = O stretching and C–O out-of plane stretching vibration of the hemicelluloses and lignin disappeared in the spectra of cellulose and MCC. XRD showed that the MCC produced is cellulose I polymorph. The SEM structures showed the microfibrils of the extracts to be crystallites. Cellulose and MCC were shown to have good thermal stability with a degradation temperature of 250oC and 260oC respectively. Keywords: Microcrystalline cellulose, Marantochloa cuspidata, physicochemical properties FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from oil palm biomass residue

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Mohamad Haafiz ◽  
S.J. Eichhorn ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
M. Jawaid
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Oil Palm Biomass

scholarly journals Preparation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposite

2018 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Teerapa Semachai ◽  
Panitnad Chandranupap ◽  
Pravitra Chandranupap
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this work, we successfully mixed polylactic acid (PLA) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from water hyacinth. The MCC was prepared by treating water hyacinth fiber (WHF). Then hydrochloric acid was used to hydrolyze treated fiber to MCC. X-rays diffraction (XRD) showed that the MCC produced has 73.28 per cent crystallinity. Internal mixing was used to combine composites between MCC and PLA. Percentages of MCC were 1, 5, 10 and 15, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicated that the interaction between MCC and PLA are only mechanically interaction. Tensile testing of this composite (ASTM D638) revealed that tensile strength and percentage of elongation at break decreased but the increase of young's modulus. The morphological analysis was observed thru composites fractured surface by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). They showed a void between cellulosic fiber and PLA when high amount of MCC conformed with tensile results.

Preparation and Properties of Nano-Crystalline Cellulose Electro-Rheological Fluid

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Ling Li Xu ◽  
Xing Ling Shi ◽  
Qing Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Methyl Silicone ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Transmission Electron

nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared from micro-crystalline cellulose (MCC) by strong acid hydrolysis. The characteristics of such particle were studied by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electro-rheological fluids (ERF) were prepared by dispersing NCC and MCC in methyl-silicone oil, and their ER effects were measured. Experimental results indicated that NCC ERF exhibited a remarkable ER effect. The highest static shearing stress of NCC ERF (3.5 g/ml) was 5.1 kPa at the room temperature under a 4 .2 kV/mm electric field, increased about 5.5 times compared to MCC ERF, and sedimentation of NCC ERF was not observed even after 60 days.

scholarly journals Effect of Subsequent Dilute Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis on Reducing Sugar Production from Sugarcane Bagasse and Spent Citronella Biomass

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Timung ◽  
Narendra Naik Deshavath ◽  
Vaibhav V. Goud ◽  
Venkata V. Dasu
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Dilute Acid ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

This work was aimed at investigating the effect of process parameters on dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of spent citronella biomass (after citronella oil extraction) and sugarcane bagasse on total reducing sugar (TRS) yield. In acid pretreatment, the parameters studied were acid concentration, temperature, and time. At the optimized condition (0.1 M H2SO4, 120°C, and 120 min), maximum TRS obtained was 452.27 mg·g−1and 487.50 mg·g−1for bagasse and citronella, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass usingTrichoderma reesei26291 showed maximum TRS yield of 226.99 mg·g−1for citronella and 282.85 mg·g−1for bagasse at 10 FPU, 50°C, and 48 hr. The maximum crystallinity index (CI) of bagasse and citronella after acid pretreatment obtained from X-ray diffraction analysis was 64.41% and 56.18%, respectively. Decreased CI after enzymatic hydrolysis process to 37.28% and 34.16% for bagasse and citronella, respectively, revealed effective conversion of crystalline cellulose to glucose. SEM analysis of the untreated and treated biomass revealed significant hydrolysis of holocellulose and disruption of lignin.

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