scholarly journals Determination of the Degree of Consumption (DoC) of Lube Engine Oils Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Rawnaq Qahtan Abdul Kareem ◽  
Khalid W. Salih Al-Janabi
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Motor Oils

    The accreditation of a fast, inexpensive, and simple way to discriminate between different kinds of oils and their efficacy “degree of consumption (DoC)” has been developed. The fluorescence spectroscopy provides a reliable method for oil inspection without resorting to tedious separation. Different new and used oil samples available in the local Iraqi market were investigated. While the challenge is to build a directory containing data of all the oils available in the local market. This method expected to control the falsified (forged) trademarks of motor oils and to discriminate between different oils. The excitation-emission spectra of oil samples were determined in the range of 200 – 600 nm. The effect of the presence of trace metals on the fluorescence intensity of oils was considered by adding few milligrams of (Cu, Al, Fe) to the diluted oil solution. No major effect noticed on fluorescence intensity. The research suggests installing a simple Spectrofluorometer into vehicles to check the DoC of the oil regularly and to notify the driver exactly when to replace the engine oil. The obtained results indicate the applicability to execute such gadget to be installed in the vehicles for routine detection of the engine oil quality and its degree of consumption DoC. As well as demonstrate the potential of the technique in oil identification and could be further developed.

scholarly journals RTIES OF ENGINE OILS AND THE WEAR OF ENGINE FRICTION UNITS WHEN ULTRASONIC OIL TREATMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
А.А. СИМДЯНКИН ◽  
И.А. УСПЕНСКИЙ ◽  
М.Н. СЛЮСАРЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ultrasonic Treatment ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Motor Oil ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Ultrasound Frequency ◽  
Friction Units ◽  
Synthetic Motor ◽  
Motor Oils

Проблема и цель. Целью настоящего исследования является оценка влияния частоты ультразвука на смазочные свойства моторных масел и износ узлов трения двигателей при ультразвуковой обработке масел. Методология. Предметом исследований является ультразвуковая обработка моторных масел и вызываемые ею изменения износа узлов трения. Были проведены следующие эксперименты: оценка влияния частоты ультразвука на изменение коэффициента поверхностного натяжения моторных масел при их ультразвуковой обработке; оценка влияния частоты ультразвуковой обработки смазки на износ образцов пар трения при износных испытаниях образцов на машине трения 2070 СМТ 1М. Обработка моторного масла ультразвуком проводилась с помощью экспериментального устройства для генерации ультразвука переменной частоты. Обработке подвергались моторные масла: масло моторное «LukoilDIESELOIL» 10W-40 минеральное; масло моторное «SHELL Helix HX7 Diesel» 10W-40 полусинтетическое; масло моторное «ZIC X7 Diesel» 10W-40 синтетическое. Результаты. Были получены расчетно-экспериментальные зависимости коэффициента поверхностного натяжения от частоты ультразвукового сигнала для минерального, полусинтетического и синтетического моторных масел, а также зависимости фактора износа образцов пар трения от частоты ультразвука длясинтетического моторного масла.Определен диапазон частот ультразвука (17-44 кГц), при котором ультразвуковая обработка синтетического моторного масла дает наибольшее снижение износа пар трения Заключение. На основании проведенных исследований рекомендуется проводить обработку моторного масла ультразвуком в диапазоне частот от 17 до 44 кГц. Рекомендуется также продолжение работ по доработке устройства для генерации ультразвука оптимальной частоты и адаптации его в систему смазки реальных дизельных автотракторных двигателей. Problem and purpose. The purpose of this study was to assess the efect of ultrasound frequency on lubricating properties of engine oils and the wear of friction units of engines when ultrasonic treatment of oils. Methodology. The subject of the research was the ultrasonic treatment of engine oils and the changes in the wear of friction units caused by it. The following experiments were carried out: evaluation of the efect of the ultrasound frequency on the change in the surface tension coefcient of motor oils when their ultrasonic treatment; evaluation of the efect of the frequency of ultrasonic treatment of the lubricant on the wear of samples of friction pairs during wear tests of samples on a 2070 SMT 1M friction machine. Ultrasonic treatment of engine oil was carried out using an experimental device for generating ultrasound of variable frequency. The following engine oils were processed: motor oil "Lukoil DIESEL OIL" 10W-40 mineral; motor oil "SHELL Helix HX7 Diesel" 10W-40 semi-synthetic and motor oil "ZIC X7 Diesel" 10W-40 synthetic. Results. Authors got calculated and experimental dependences of the surface tension coefcient on the frequency of an ultrasonic signal for mineral, semi-synthetic and synthetic motor oils, as well as the dependence of the wear factor of samples of friction pairs on the frequency of ultrasound for synthetic engine oil. The frequency range of ultrasound (17-44 kHz) was determined, in which the ultrasonic treatment of synthetic motor oil gave the greatest reduction in the wear of friction pairs. Conclusion. Based on the studies carried out, it is recommended to treat engine oil with ultrasound in the frequency range from 17 to 44 kHz. It is also recommended to continue work on improving the device for generating ultrasound of the optimal frequency and adapting it to the lubrication system of real diesel automotive engines.

scholarly journals Rheological profiles of blends of the new and used motor oils

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Kumbár ◽  
Adam Polcar ◽  
Jiří Čupera
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Engine Oil ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Motor Oils

The objective of this paper is to find changes of a rheological profile of the new engine oil if the used engine oil will be add. And also find changes of a rheological profile of the used engine oil if the new engine oil will be add. For these experiments has been created the blends of the new and the used engine oil. The temperature dependence of the density [kg.m−3] has been measured in the range of −10 °C and +60 °C. The instrument Densito 30PX with the scale for measuring engine oils has been used. The dynamic viscosity [mPa.s] has been measured in the range of −10 °C and +100 °C. The Anton Paar digital viscometer with the concentric cylinders geometry has been used. In the accordance with the expected behaviour, the density and the kinematic viscosity of all oils was decreasing with the increasing temperature. To the physical properties has been the mathematical models created. For the temperature dependence of the density has been used the linearly mathematical model and the exponentially mathematical model. For the temperature dependence of the dynamic viscosity has been used the polynomial 6th degree. The knowledge of density and viscosity behaviour of an engine oil as a function of its temperature is of great importance, especially when considering running efficiency and performance of combustion engines. Proposed models can be used for description and prediction of rheological behaviour of engine oils.

scholarly journals Design of Laboratory Test Equipment for Automotive Oil Filters to Evaluate the Technical Life of Engine Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Hujo Ľubomír ◽  
Jablonický Juraj ◽  
Markovič Jaromír ◽  
Tulík Juraj ◽  
Simikić Mirko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Simultaneous Testing ◽  
Motor Oils ◽  
Filtration Capacity

The main aim of the article is to present the design of laboratory test equipment, which is appropriate for monitoring the efficiency of oil filters and the system for evaluating the technical life of engine oils in terms of possible extension of service intervals. The functionality of the designed laboratory test equipment for the filtration of motor oils was verified by a practical experiment with a verification measurement and assessment of the suitability of the hydraulic circuit elements and the designed sensing equipment. The laboratory equipment enables the testing of oil filters with different filtration capacity during simultaneous testing in two separate hydraulic circuits with differently contaminated engine oil, while it enables laboratory measurements to be performed while simulating operating conditions.

Fluorescence spectroscopy of mechanical pulps III: Effect of chlorite delignification

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1955-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Olmstead ◽  
Jian H. Zhu ◽  
Derek G. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Mechanical Pulps ◽  
Almost All

Many paper and wood samples fluoresce, but the sources of the emission are not well understood. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of paper sheets prepared from thermomechanical pulp (TMP) and bleached chemithermomechanical pulp (BCTMP) showed that the emission from the BCTMP was significantly higher than that from the TMP. Removing almost all of the lignin from both pulps by means of an acid chlorite treatment did not reduce the fluorescence significantly. By means of an approximate correction for changes in sheet reflectivity caused by the chlorite treatment, the fluorescence intensity was found to increase with lignin removal. Clearly, fluorescence is not simply related to lignin content. Keywords: wood pulp, lignin, cellulose, fluorescence spectra, acid chlorite delignification.

ABOUT THE QUESTION OF CHEMMOTOLOGY OF MOTOR OILS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR GAS ENGINE

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 522-527
Author(s):  
Толмачев ◽  
D. Tolmachev ◽  
Голубенко ◽  
Natalya Golubenko
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Motor Oils

The article describes some of chemmotology processes in systems: engine oil – elements of internal combustion engines. Motor oil is regarded as an important element in the construction of an internal combustion engine, and it is necessary to make quantitative description of its condition which changing over time for its operability forecasting. In connection with the increasing number of vehicles with gas engines, the topics of necessity of special engine oils use for the gas internal combustion engine and of monitoring of their quality indicators are mentioned

scholarly journals USED OIL ANALYSIS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONDITION MONITORING

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdel Gadir Abdel Gabar ALLA Jabo ◽  
Dr. Midhat Victor Eskandar
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Oil Analysis ◽  
Monitoring Techniques ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Engine Components

Engines are the main part of power plants. The performance of the engine depends upon the good condition of the components like cylinders, cylinder heads, pistons, piston rings, valves, and connecting rods, etc. The failure of engine components can be reduced by using condition monitoring techniques. There are many types of condition monitoring techniques are available. The famous Non-destructive Tests (NDTs) for engines condition monitoring are including vibration analysis, infrared thermography, and engine used oil analysis. The aim of this research is to reduce the failures of engine components by analyzing the used oil. Oil is the lifeblood of engines. Much like doctors assess human health through blood analysis, engine components can be monitored in much the same manner. Engine oil analysis means testing a sample of engine oil in unused or used condition. Analysis is done for various properties like Viscosity, Total Base Number (TBN), Total Acid Number (TAN), Ash Content, Flash Point, Water Content, Contamination, and Wear Metal particles which used to monitor the wear rate of engine components. The result of the analysis is then compared with the given analysis limits to assess the quality of lubricant and the possibility of further using, or not. The properties of oil will be changed based on engine running hours. The used oil can be collected from engine after various running hours for analyzing, and the test result is used to assess the condition of engine and oil quality, then maintenance decision will be made according to those results. This optimization of maintenance activities will result in a reasonable cost reduction by increasing the interval of lubricant replacing and saving time and efforts of maintenance authorities.

scholarly journals Analysis of 0W-20 Totachi Brand Oil to Determine the Rate of Oil Deterioration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Dana Hameed ◽  
Kameran Ali
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Fire Point ◽  
Oil Deterioration

Engine oil or lubricating oil has a major effect on the engine life and the proper operation of any engine. Changing the engine oil before it is due increases a customer’s cost. The lubricating oil in every engine performs many functions such as reducing friction, preventing corrosion, protecting the engine against wear, removing all impurities, lubricating the moving parts, and cooling the engine parts. There are several causes for the deterioration of lubricating oil, including the properties of the oil, oil quality, and high engine temperatures. Consequently, the deteriorated oil must be replaced at a specified mileage or at specific time intervals to get the best engine performance. It is very important to know when to change the oil, because changing the oil too late can affect the engine parts and vehicle performance. However, replacing the oil too early influences the economy and environment and is an inefficient use of depleting resources. This study describes the kinematic viscosity, flash point, and fire point of multigrade Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) 0W-20 Totachi (Totachi Industrial Co. Ltd., Japan) international brand oil, which has a 10,000 km guarantee and is approved by and used in 10 different vehicle brands, to determine the rate of deterioration of the parameters. These parameters are the most important physical behaviors of lubricating engine oils. Having information about these parameters is very important for maintaining an engine’s lifespan. The results of this study showed that after 10,000 km, the Totachi oil parameters such as the kinematic viscosity at cold start, at 40°C and at 100°C, the flash point, and the fire point decreased by 22.03%, 25.98%, 26.75%, 16.94% and 17.34%, respectively, from the base values, and that the oil is suitable to use for 10,000 km.

Engine Oils for Landfill Service: Requirements and Proof of Performance

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Girshick
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
New Generation

This paper presents the results of a field test comparing four engine oil formulations in commercial landfill service for 16 months. The major differences among the oils were combustion chamber deposit control and oil consumption control, whose mechanism is likely to be control of liner deposits. Control of these deposits led to extension of the time between top-end overhauls. Control of used oil parameters, such as acid and base numbers, was achieved, allowing extended oil drain intervals. The requirements for engine oils in reciprocating internal combustion engines in landfill service will be reviewed briefly. The development of a new generation of engine oils for landfill service will be presented, including deployment of detergent chemistry previously unused in this application. The theoretical justification and preliminary screener testing of this chemistry justified the full scale field testing which is shown. This chemistry has since been commercialized by several oil companies. The operational benefits of engine oils specifically designed for this service will be discussed.

scholarly journals USAGE OF HIGH-QUALITY ENGINE OILS WITH EXTENDED REPLACEMENT INTERVALS: FEATURES OF THE EQUIPMENT OPERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-454
Author(s):  
N. Y. Machekhin ◽  
I. I. Shirlin ◽  
S. V. Pashukevich
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Motor Oils

Introduction. The effective operation of cars largely depends on the state of the engines, their downtime in maintenance and repair. Since the maintenance of modern engines is often reduced to the replacement of engine oil, the increase in the duration of its work significantly reduces maintenance costs and downtime in maintenance. Long maintenance-free operation of the internal combustion engines of automotive vehicles is directly related to the state of the engine oil used in this power unit. The aim of the paper is to show the features of the equipment operation with significant intervals of the engine oils’ replacement in order to increase the efficiency of its usage. The paper presents data on the features of the equipment operation when using high-quality motor oils with extended replacement intervals.Materials and methods. The authors conducted performance tests on the basis of MercedesBenzAxor, MercedesBenzActros cars. The manufacturer provided an estimate of the performance of engine oils. The main performance characteristics of motor oils were assessed using standard methods: kinematic viscosity was measured using a Stabinger viscosimeter, the base number was determined by an automatic AT-500 titrator, the content of wear products was obtained using an ASP-coupled emission spectrophotometer.Results. As a result, the authors presented data on the dependence of the changes in the main indicators of engine oil performance while the operating time and also substantiated the requirements for the volumes of fresh engine oil to compensate losses.Discussion and conclusions. The intermediate control allows detecting faults in the internal car engines, as well as providing the most accurate prediction of the resource of the lubricant under consideration. Therefore, the increasing of the engine oil change interval allows getting a significant economic effect.

scholarly journals Research on the effect of the effective microorganisms, silver solution and colloidal nanosilver addition on the engine oil base number (TBN)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Krakowski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Silver Solution

In the article, base number as a parameter characterizing the washing and dispersing abilities of engine oil were characterized. Next, the influence of additives enriching engine oils on the natural environment was described. In the further part of the article, the research methodology, applied oil samples with additives of effective microorganisms and silver solution, both for fresh oil and used oil were presented. In addition, the measuring test stand with instrumentation and measuring device was shown . In the main part of the article base number value for fresh and used oil compared to oils with the addition of microorganisms and a solution of silver and colloidal silver were described. Next the analysis of the influence of these additives on the base number value was made. The article was completed conclusions.

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