Challenges of Using Copper Isotope Ratios to Trace the Origin of Native Copper Artifacts: An Example from the Keweenaw Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Mathur ◽  
Marc Wilson ◽  
Marina L. Parra
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Copper Isotope ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Keweenaw Peninsula

scholarly journals Copper Isotope Constraints on the Genesis of the Keweenaw Peninsula Native Copper District, Michigan, USA: A Comment

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Brown
Keyword(s):  
Copper Isotope ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Keweenaw Peninsula

Well-grouped δ65Cu values (−0.3 to +0.8‰)  from120 samples of native copper fromthe Keweenaw native copper district have been attributed [...]

scholarly journals Copper Isotope Constraints on the Genesis of the Keweenaw Peninsula Native Copper District, Michigan, USA: Reply

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 508
Author(s):  
Theodore Bornhorst ◽  
Ryan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Copper Isotope ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Opportunity To Respond ◽  
Keweenaw Peninsula

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to Brown’s [...]

Paleomagnetism of the native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 932-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T.A. Symons ◽  
K. Kawasaki
Keyword(s):  
Remanent Magnetization ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Time Limits ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Copper Mineralization ◽  
Lake Formation ◽  
World Class ◽  
Keweenaw Peninsula ◽  
Basaltic Flow

The age and genesis of Michigan’s world-class native copper deposits are poorly constrained. The copper is hosted by basaltic flow tops and conglomeratic interbeds of the 1095 ± 2 Ma Keweenawan Portage Lake Formation. Progressive thermal demagnetization isolates stable hematite remanent magnetization components at 28 paleomagnetic sites. Paleomagnetic tilt tests show that magnetite in massive flow interiors is primary (1095 ± 2 Ma) and that hematite throughout the formation is syntectonic. The altered cupriferous deposits contain primary ∼1095 Ma and secondary ∼1053 Ma hematite in various proportions. The Caledonia Mine’s basaltic mineralization carries the ∼1053 Ma hematite dominantly whereas the Delaware Mine’s conglomeratic interbed mineralization carries the ∼1095 Ma hematite dominantly. The ∼1095 Ma hematite is attributed mostly to magnetite exsolution during flow extrusion and to weathering oxidation between extrusion events. An infusion of epigenetic hydrothermal fluids emplaced the native copper with additional hematite and polarity self-reversing titanohematite at 1053 ± 7 Ma. Importantly, paleomagnetic evidence supports a 1053 ± 7 Ma age also for the White Pine stratiform sedimentary copper mineralization, for the oxidation of the Oronto Group clastic rocks to red beds, and for the time limits of major tectonic uplift and deformation on the Keweenaw Peninsula.

Geomedical application of copper isotope ratios: change of δ65Cu in xenograft model of human cancers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Kiss ◽  
Enikő Vetlényi ◽  
Lívia Varga ◽  
Ildikó Krencz ◽  
Titanilla Dankó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Tumour Mass ◽  
Copper Isotope ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Measurement ◽  
Ratio Determination

<p>In geosciences, high precision isotope ratio determination provides essential information about processes in geological systems. Novel ambitions evolve closer to biological applications. Copper is an essential metal for human body taking part of several cellular processes (e.g. respiratory chain, enzyme function, iron metabolism, elimination of reactive oxygen species, cell signalling pathways etc). However, the disorder of copper homeostasis causes serious diseases like Wilson disease (Cu accumulation in liver caused by genetical disorder) and it could also promote tumour growth by supporting angiogenesis and metastasis formation [Denoyer et al., 2015]. Despite numerous experiments, focusing on copper concentration determination in different tumour tissues (e.g. breast, lung cancer, etc.) hoping to assist in tumour diagnosis, the results are not convincing enough. However, previous studies on hepatocellular cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma showed that tumour tissue appears to be relatively enriched in <sup>65</sup>Cu compared to normal tissue whereas the δ<sup>65</sup>Cu in blood of tumorous patient decreased according to data obtained from control population [Balter et al., 2015, Lobo et al., 2017]. Our main aim is to elaborate a method to understand better the change in <sup>63</sup>Cu/<sup>65</sup>Cu stable isotope ratio during tumour growth. In this approach, we present our first results on copper isotope ratio determination in a xenograft mouse model. Our model was established in SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency disease) mice by injecting human cancer cells (1x10<sup>7</sup> cells) subcutaneously. After the tumour reached approximately 2-3 cm diameter, the tumour mass was cut it in small, equal pieces and transplanted further into 10 mice increasing the experimental set-up homogeneity. All the animals were sacrificed by cardiac puncture under deep terminal anaesthesia within four weeks. Tumour and organs were removed by ceramic knife then were frozen with liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. We measured the copper concentration and δ<sup>65</sup>Cu in the tumour tissue, blood, liver, kidney and brain. A clean laboratory ambience was chosen to perform the sample preparation processes decreasing the environmental contamination. Separation of copper from other biologically essential element (Na, Mg, Fe, Zn) interfering the copper isotope measurement is a serious condition of the preparation [Lauwens et al., 2017]. Effects of sodium (<sup>23</sup>Na<sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>+</sup>) and magnesium (<sup>25</sup>Mg<sup>40</sup>Ar<sup>+</sup>) on copper isotope ratio were solved by choosing not the peak center but the interference-free plateau. Our measurements have been carried out on a Thermo Neptune PLUS multicollector mass spectrometer equipped with 9 moveable Faraday detectors, 3 amplifiers with a resistance of 10<sup>13</sup> Ohm, and 6 amplifiers with a resistance of 10<sup>11</sup> Ohm, in wet plasma conditions. The mass spectrometric measurement of the copper isotope ratio is doped either with Ni or Ga reference material which have a well-known isotope ratios.</p><p> </p><p>References:</p><p>Balter V. et al. PNAS 2015; 112: 982−985.</p><p>Denoyer D. et al. Metallomics 2015; 7: 1459−76.</p><p>Lauwens S. et al. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 2017; 32: 597−608.</p><p>Lobo L. et al. Talanta 2017; 165: 92−97.</p>

Copper isotope ratios in Cis-Urals copper sandstones and products of their processing as a tool for uncovering the Bronze Age smelting activities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Karpova ◽  
D. V. Kiseleva ◽  
M. V. Chervyakovskaya ◽  
M. V. Streletskaya ◽  
E. S. Shagalov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Copper Isotope ◽  
In Cis ◽  
The Bronze Age

Tracing the Source of Native Copper Mineral Specimens with Copper Isotope Values

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Wilson ◽  
Debra L. Wilson ◽  
Ryan Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Copper Isotope ◽  
Native Copper ◽  
Copper Mineral

Copper isotope ratios in magmatic and hydrothermal ore-forming environments

2003 ◽  
Vol 201 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 337-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B Larson ◽  
Kierran Maher ◽  
Frank C Ramos ◽  
Zhaoshan Chang ◽  
Miguel Gaspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Copper Isotope
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