scholarly journals Design of Supercritical CO² Jointing Solar Thermal Refrigeration System with Utilization of Ship Waste Heat

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Li
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Refrigeration System

Design and Construction of a Solar Thermal Refrigeration System for Patna, India

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Oliver Winter ◽  
Lathom Louco ◽  
Kelly Kissock ◽  
Paul Mariadass ◽  
Malcolm Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Design And Construction

This paper describes the design and construction of a solar thermal adsorption refrigerator in Patna, Bihar, India. After a brief description of the local situation and planning prerequisites the reasons for choosing an ethanol based adsorption system are explained. The following sections are focused on the description of the design and the theory behind the system. Lastly, practical aspects that arose during the construction of the first prototype are mentioned.

Design and Optimization of Integrated Distributed Energy Systems for Off-grid Buildings

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Heejin Cho ◽  
Pedro Mago
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Distributed Energy

Abstract Off-grid concepts for homes and buildings have been a fast-growing trend worldwide in the last few years because of the rapidly dropping cost of renewable energy systems and their self-sufficient nature. Off-grid homes/buildings can be enabled with various energy generation and storage technologies, however, design optimization and integration issues have not been explored sufficiently. This paper applies a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization to obtain an optimal design of integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes in various climate regions. Distributed energy systems consisting of renewable and non-renewable power generation technologies with energy storage are employed to enable off-grid homes/buildings and meet required building electricity demands. In this study, the building types under investigation are residential homes. Multiple distributed energy resources are considered such as combined heat and power systems (CHP), solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal collector (STC), wind turbine (WT), as well as battery energy storage (BES) and thermal energy storage (TES). Among those technologies, CHP, PV, and WT are used to generate electricity, which satisfies the building's electric load, including electricity consumed for space heating and cooling. Solar thermal energy and waste heat recovered from CHP are used to partly supply the building's thermal load. Excess electricity and thermal energy can be stored in the BES and TES for later use. The MOGA is applied to determine the best combination of DERs and each component's size to reduce the system cost and carbon dioxide emission for different locations. Results show that the proposed optimization method can be effectively and widely applied to design integrated distributed energy systems for off-grid homes resulting in an optimal design and operation based on a trade-off between economic and environmental performance.

Review of Technology Used to Improve Heat and Mass Transfer Characteristics of Adsorption Refrigeration System

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1630003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Sur ◽  
Randip K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Transfer Characteristic ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Transfer Performance ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Adsorption Refrigeration ◽  
System A ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration System

Researchers proved that, heat powered adsorption refrigeration technology is very effective methods for reutilization of low-grade thermal energy such as industrial waste heat, solar energy, and exhaust gases from engines. But to make it commercially competitive with the well-known vapor compression and absorption refrigeration system, the processes require high rates of heat and mass transfer characteristic between adsorbate and adsorbent as well as externally supplied heat exchanging fluid. This paper reviews various techniques that have been developed and applied to enhance the heat transfer and mass transfer in adsorber beds, and also discuss their effects of the performance on adsorption system. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted and it was concluded that this technology, although attractive, has limitations regarding its heat and mass transfer performance that seem difficult to overcome. Therefore, more researches are required to improve heat and mass transfer performance and sustainability of basic adsorption cycles.

Thermal Energy Requirements of Air-Conditioning Systems

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
M. E. Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Fast Breeder Reactors ◽  
Breeder Reactors ◽  
Absorption Refrigeration System ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The thermal energy requirements for air conditioning by compressive and absorption methods were determined for light-water, thermal-breeder, and fast-breeder reactors. The energy required to produce a ton-hour of refrigeration varied from 5100 Btu to 13,100 Btu by absorption and from 5600 to 8800 Btu by compression. The amount of waste heat dissipated to the environment at the reactor site as a consequence of producing a ton-hour of air conditioning ranged from an increase of 21,000 Btu for the electric-motor-driven refrigeration system to a decrease of 6000 Btu for the absorption refrigeration system.

scholarly journals Subcritical and Supercritical Operation of Innovative Thermal Mechanical Refrigeration System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sleiti ◽  
Wahib Al-Ammari ◽  
Mohammed Al-Khawaja ◽  
Maxim Glushenkov ◽  
Alexander Kronberg
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Heat System ◽  
Global Warming Potentials ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Around 17% of the globally generated energy is consumed for residential, commercial, and transportation refrigeration. The current cooling technologies utilize refrigerants with high Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Potentials. Furthermore, the current technologies are expensive alongside with toxicity and flammability hazards. On the other side, energy produced by combustion of fossil fuels results in substantial amounts of waste heat. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new refrigeration technologies that utilize waste heat as a source of energy with ecofriendly refrigerants with zero ozone depletion potential and zero global warming potential. In addition, this thermal mechanical refrigeration (TMR) technology improves the energy efficiency of the source of waste heat system and minimizes the emissions of the carbon dioxide (CO2). In this study, a novel thermo-mechanical refrigeration system is proposed. It operates with low-grade energy sources (such as waste heat) at temperature range of 60 oC to 100 oC. Furthermore, it has the advantage of working with low-frequency driver-compressor unit, which eliminates noise and increases its lifetime. Moreover, the TMR system is adaptable to commercial, transportation, and residential refrigeration applications.

scholarly journals A Steam Ejector Refrigeration System Powered by Engine Combustion Waste Heat: Part 2. Understanding the Nature of the Shock Wave Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Han ◽  
Xiaodong Wang ◽  
Lixin Guo ◽  
Anthony Chun Yin Yuen ◽  
Hengrui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Normal Shock ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Shock Wave Structure ◽  
Steam Ejector ◽  
Shock Region

In general, engine fuel combustion generates 30% waste heat, which is disposed to the environment. The use of the steam ejector refrigeration to recycle the waste heat and transfer them to useful energy source could be an environmentally friendly solution to such an issue. The steam ejector is the main component of the ejector refrigeration system, which can operate at a low-temperature range. In this article, the internal shock wave structure of the ejector is comprehensively studied through the computation fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The shock wave structure can be subdivided into two regions: firstly the pseudo-shock region consisting of shock train and co-velocity region; secondly the oblique-shock region composed of a single normal shock and a series of oblique shocks. The effect of the shock wave structure on both pumping performance and the critical back pressure were investigated. Numerical predictions indicated that the entrainment ratio is enhanced under two conditions including (i) a longer pseudo-shock region and (ii) when the normal shock wave occurs near the outlet. Furthermore, the system is stabilized as the back pressure and its disturbance is reduced. A critical range of the primary fluid pressure is investigated such that the pumping is effectively optimized.

scholarly journals Study of a novel hybrid refrigeration system for industrial waste heat recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 2196-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiji Lu ◽  
Anthony Paul Roskilly ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Xiaoli Yu
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Industrial Waste Heat

scholarly journals Energy Analysis of a Novel Ejector-Compressor Cooling Cycle Driven by Electricity and Heat (Waste Heat or Solar Energy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8178
Author(s):  
Fahid Riaz ◽  
Kah Hoe Tan ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Poh Seng Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Vapour Compression

Low-grade heat is abundantly available as solar thermal energy and as industrial waste heat. Non concentrating solar collectors can provide heat with temperatures 75–100 °C. In this paper, a new system is proposed and analyzed which enhances the electrical coefficient of performance (COP) of vapour compression cycle (VCC) by incorporating low-temperature heat-driven ejectors. This novel system, ejector enhanced vapour compression refrigeration cycle (EEVCRC), significantly increases the electrical COP of the system while utilizing abundantly available low-temperature solar or waste heat (below 100 °C). This system uses two ejectors in an innovative way such that the higher-pressure ejector is used at the downstream of the electrically driven compressor to help reduce the delivery pressure for the electrical compressor. The lower pressure ejector is used to reduce the quality of wet vapour at the entrance of the evaporator. This system has been modelled in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) and its performance is theoretically compared with conventional VCC, enhanced ejector refrigeration system (EERS), and ejection-compression system (ECS). The proposed EEVCRC gives better electrical COP as compared to all the three systems. The parametric study has been conducted and it is found that the COP of the proposed system increases exponentially at lower condensation temperature and higher evaporator temperature. At 50 °C condenser temperature, the electrical COP of EEVCRC is 50% higher than conventional VCC while at 35 °C, the electrical COP of EEVCRC is 90% higher than conventional VCC. For the higher temperature heat source, and hence the higher generator temperatures, the electrical COP of EEVCRC increases linearly while there is no increase in the electrical COP for ECS. The better global COP indicates that a small solar collector will be needed if this system is driven by solar thermal energy. It is found that by using the second ejector at the upstream of the electrical compressor, the electrical COP is increased by 49.2% as compared to a single ejector system.

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