scholarly journals The Impact of Maternity Leave on Female Labor Market Performance: A case study of Switzerland's policy change

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erpanjan Yasen ◽  
Yaxu Zhao ◽  
Min Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impacts of Labor Market Institutions and Demographic Factors on Labor Markets in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (155) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Kugler
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
The Impact

This paper documents recent labor market performance in the Latin American region. The paper shows that unemployment, informality, and inequality have been falling over the past two decades, though still remain high. By contrast, productivity has remained stubbornly low. The paper, then, turns to the potential impacts of various labor market institutions, including employment protection legislation (EPL), minimum wages (MW), payroll taxes, unemployment insurance (UI) and collective bargaining, as well as the impacts of demographic changes on labor market performance. The paper relies on evidence from carefully conducted studies based on micro-data for countries in the region and for other countries with similar income levels to draw conclusions on the impact of labor market institutions and demographic factors on unemployment, informality, inequality and productivity. The decreases in unemployment and informality can be partly explained by the reduced strictness of EPL and payroll taxes, but also by the increased shares of more educated and older workers. By contrast, the fall in inequality starting in 2002 can be explained by a combination of binding MW throughout most of the region and, to a lesser extent, by the introduction of UI systems in some countries and the role of unions in countries with moderate unionization rates. Falling inequality can also be explained by the fall in the returns to skill associated with increased share of more educated and older workers.

scholarly journals Megatrend and Intervention Impact Analyzer for Jobs: A Visualization Method for Labor Market Intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-979
Author(s):  
Rain Opik ◽  
Toomas Kirt ◽  
Innar Liiv
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
External Information ◽  
Market Intelligence ◽  
Heterogeneous Data Sources ◽  
Prototype Tool ◽  
Intervention Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article presents a visual method for representing the complex labor market internal structure from the perspective of similar occupations based on shared skills; and a prototype tool for interacting with the visualization, together with an extended description of graph construction and the necessary data processing for linking multiple heterogeneous data sources. Since the labor market is not an isolated phenomenon and is constantly impacted by external trends and interventions, the presented method is designed to enable adding extra layers of external information. For instance, what is the impact of a megatrend or an intervention on the labor market? Which parts of the labor market are the most vulnerable to an approaching megatrend or planned intervention? A case study analyzing the labor market together with the megatrend of job automation and computerization is presented. The source code of the prototype is released as open source for repeatability.

scholarly journals Our Bodies Our Voice: A case study on utilization of governance streams to change the policy for prevention of sexual violence in universities and the role of grassroots organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dictus ◽  
Elena Syurina
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Grassroots Organizations ◽  
Policy Window ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Impact

Sexual violence (SV) is an issue of global importance, with significant prevalence in the EU generally and the Netherlands in particular. Stigma and taboo often result in underreporting and exacerbate the already substantial mental health consequences of SV. Universities are recognized as high-risk settings, but in general awareness, response and prevention in Dutch universities have been limited. This article analyzes a case study of key events over a number of years resulting in policy change and active response in one university in the Netherlands, focusing on the impact and role of the Our Bodies Our Voice foundation, which started as a grassroots student initiative, using the Kingdon model of policy change. The aim is to make explicit how governance streams need to be aligned to place the issue of SV on the agenda of higher educational institutions, and findings highlight the importance of media coverage, advocacy, awareness raising and perseverance on the part of initiatives like OBOV, while building towards a policy window.

New Evidence on the Impact of Legal Status on Immigrant Labor Market Performance: The Spanish Case

Labour ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes ◽  
Miguel A. Malo ◽  
Fernando Muñoz-Bullón
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Immigrant Labor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

scholarly journals EFFICIENT SUPPLY OF HUMAN CAPITAL: ROLE OF COLLEGE MAJOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (05) ◽  
pp. 1319-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNGJIN CHO ◽  
JIHYE KAM ◽  
SOOHYUNG LEE
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Engineering Majors ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
College Majors ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the extent to which changing the composition of college majors among working-age population may affect the supply of human capital or effective labor supply. We use the South Korean setting, in which the population is rapidly aging, but where, despite their high educational attainment, women and young adults are still weakly attached to the labor market. We find that engineering majors have an advantage in various outcomes such as likelihood of being in the labor force, being employed, obtaining long-term position, and earnings, while Humanities and Arts/Athletics majors show the worst outcomes. We then conduct a back-of-the-envelope calculation of the impact of the recently proposed policy change to increase the share of engineering majors by 10% starting in 2017. Our calculation suggests that the policy change may have a positive but small impact on labor market outcomes.

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