scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Impacts of Hurricane Damage on West Nile Virus Transmission and Human Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2s) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Caillouët ◽  
Suzanne L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Hurricane Damage ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission

ABSTRACT Hurricanes have profound impacts on zoonotic pathogen ecosystems that exhibit spatial and temporal waves in both distance from and time since the event. Wind, rain, and storm surge directly affect mosquito vectors and animal hosts of these pathogens. In this analysis, we apply a West Nile virus transmission model parameterized for the Northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico to explore the effect of event timing of hurricane landfall, time since the event, and damage extent on human West Nile virus neuro-invasive disease (WNV-NID) risk. Early-season hurricanes, which make landfall prior to the peak of baseline WNV transmission activity, increase the average total WNV-infectious mosquitoes for the year by 7.8% and human WNV-NID incidence by 94.3% across all areas with hurricane damage. The indirect effects on human exposure to mosquito bites in the immediate aftermath and long-term recovery from the event have strong impacts on the risk of infection. The resultant interactive direct and indirect storm effects on the pathogen system are spatially and temporally heterogenous among the generalized time and space categories modeled.

scholarly journals Ecologic Factors Associated with West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi E. Brown ◽  
James E. Childs ◽  
Maria A. Diuk-Wasser ◽  
Durland Fish
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission

scholarly journals Genome sequence analysis of the first human West Nile virus isolated in Italy in 2009

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barzon ◽  
E Franchin ◽  
L Squarzon ◽  
E Lavezzo ◽  
S Toppo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Human West Nile Virus ◽  
First Time

In 2009, six new human cases of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) were identified in Veneto region, following the six cases already reported in 2008. A human West Nile virus (WNV) isolate was obtained for the first time from an asymptomatic blood donor. Whole genome sequence of the human WNV isolate showed close phylogenetic relatedness to the Italy-1998-WNV strain and to other WNV strains recently isolated in Europe, with the new acquisition of the NS3-Thr249Pro mutation, a trait associated with avian virulence, increased virus transmission, and the occurrence of outbreaks in humans.

LarvicidingCulexspp. (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations in Catch Basins and Its Impact on West Nile Virus Transmission in Urban Parks in Atlanta, GA

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R McMillan ◽  
Rebekah A Blakney ◽  
Daniel G Mead ◽  
Sarah M Coker ◽  
Levi T Morran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
West Nile ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission ◽  
Catch Basins

scholarly journals West Nile virus transmission: results from the integrated surveillance system in Italy, 2008 to 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Rizzo ◽  
Christian Napoli ◽  
Giulietta Venturi ◽  
Simonetta Pupella ◽  
Letizia Lombardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
West Nile ◽  
West Nile Virus Transmission

In Italy a national Plan for the surveillance of imported and autochthonous human vector-borne diseases (chikungunya, dengue, Zika virus disease and West Nile virus (WNV) disease) that integrates human and veterinary (animals and vectors) surveillance, is issued and revised annually according with the observed epidemiological changes. Here we describe results of the WNV integrated veterinary and human surveillance systems in Italy from 2008 to 2015. A real time data exchange protocol is in place between the surveillance systems to rapidly identify occurrence of human and animal cases and to define and update the map of affected areas i.e. provinces during the vector activity period from June to October. WNV continues to cause severe illnesses in Italy during every transmission season, albeit cases are sporadic and the epidemiology varies by virus lineage and geographic area. The integration of surveillance activities and a multidisciplinary approach made it possible and have been fundamental in supporting implementation of and/or strengthening preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of transmission of WNV trough blood, tissues and organ donation and to implementing further measures for vector control.

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