scholarly journals Survival of Overwintering Aedes albopictus Eggs Under Natural Conditions In North-Central Florida

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Egg Survival ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Overwintering Survival

ABSTRACT Aedes albopictus mosquitoes overwinter as eggs in north-central Florida. Knowledge of this species' overwintering survival rate is of great interest to local mosquito control districts. In this study, field-collected Ae. albopictus eggs were exposed to natural conditions during winter 2016–17 in Gainesville, FL, to determine the overwintering survival rate. Individual strips of germination paper containing eggs of this species were collected from ovitraps in November 2016 then later clipped to the inner edge of empty flowerpots and placed in the Department of Public Works compound, City of Gainesville, in December. Egg strips that remained outdoors were later brought back to the laboratory and hatched in late March 2017. Significant differences were found among the 5 ambient environmental exposure methods (configurations) in terms of egg survival rate, egg collapsed rate, and egg unaccounted rate, whereas no significant difference was observed on the egg intact rate. Egg strips stored in flowerpots with the drainage hole sealed had the highest survival rate (18.3%), whereas eggs stored in an open covered area had the least survival rate (2.4%). The effect of different storage conditions on the survivorship of overwintering Ae. albopictus eggs in north-central Florida is discussed.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

scholarly journals Implementation of a deep learning model for automated classification of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in real time

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Quan Ong ◽  
Hamdan Ahmad ◽  
Gomesh Nair ◽  
Pradeep Isawasan ◽  
Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up

AbstractClassification of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) by humans remains challenging. We proposed a highly accessible method to develop a deep learning (DL) model and implement the model for mosquito image classification by using hardware that could regulate the development process. In particular, we constructed a dataset with 4120 images of Aedes mosquitoes that were older than 12 days old and had common morphological features that disappeared, and we illustrated how to set up supervised deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) with hyperparameter adjustment. The model application was first conducted by deploying the model externally in real time on three different generations of mosquitoes, and the accuracy was compared with human expert performance. Our results showed that both the learning rate and epochs significantly affected the accuracy, and the best-performing hyperparameters achieved an accuracy of more than 98% at classifying mosquitoes, which showed no significant difference from human-level performance. We demonstrated the feasibility of the method to construct a model with the DCNN when deployed externally on mosquitoes in real time.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis indicating extra-short implants (≤ 6 mm) as an alternative to longer implants (≥ 8 mm) with bone augmentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Yu ◽  
Ruogu Xu ◽  
Zhengchuan Zhang ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Feilong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Bone Augmentation ◽  
Moderate Quality ◽  
Short Implants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complications Rate

AbstractExtra-short implants, of which clinical outcomes remain controversial, are becoming a potential option rather than long implants with bone augmentation in atrophic partially or totally edentulous jaws. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and complications between extra-short implants (≤ 6 mm) and longer implants (≥ 8 mm), with and without bone augmentation procedures. Electronic (via PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) and manual searches were performed for articles published prior to November 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing extra-short implants and longer implants in the same study reporting survival rate with an observation period at least 1 year were selected. Data extraction and methodological quality (AMSTAR-2) was assessed by 2 authors independently. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed to compare the survival rate, marginal bone loss (MBL), biological and prosthesis complication rate. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool 2 and the quality of evidence was determined with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. 21 RCTs were included, among which two were prior registered and 14 adhered to the CONSORT statement. No significant difference was found in the survival rate between extra-short and longer implant at 1- and 3-years follow-up (RR: 1.002, CI 0.981 to 1.024, P = 0.856 at 1 year; RR: 0.996, CI 0.968 to 1.025, P  = 0.772 at 3 years, moderate quality), while longer implants had significantly higher survival rate than extra-short implants (RR: 0.970, CI 0.944 to 0.997, P < 0.05) at 5 years. Interestingly, no significant difference was observed when bone augmentations were performed at 5 years (RR: 0.977, CI 0.945 to 1.010, P = 0.171 for reconstructed bone; RR: 0.955, CI 0.912 to 0.999, P < 0.05 for native bone). Both the MBL (from implant placement) (WMD: − 0.22, CI − 0.277 to − 0.164, P < 0.01, low quality) and biological complications rate (RR: 0.321, CI 0.243 to 0.422, P < 0.01, moderate quality) preferred extra-short implants. However, there was no significant difference in terms of MBL (from prosthesis restoration) (WMD: 0.016, CI − 0.036 to 0.068, P = 0.555, moderate quality) or prosthesis complications rate (RR: 1.308, CI 0.893 to 1.915, P = 0.168, moderate quality). The placement of extra-short implants could be an acceptable alternative to longer implants in atrophic posterior arch. Further high-quality RCTs with a long follow-up period are required to corroborate the present outcomes.Registration number The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020155342).

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Possible Protective Effects of Neonatal Striatal Transplants Against Kainic Acid-Induced Lesions

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Nash ◽  
Stanley M. Kaplan ◽  
Andrew B. Norman ◽  
Paul R. Sanberg
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
Tissue Transplants ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study examined the recent report that transplantation of neonatal striatal tissue into kainic acid (KA) lesioned striatum protected the contralateral striatum from a subsequent KA lesion. We did not find a significant difference in the survival rate of animals that received neonatal striatal transplants into a KA lesioned striatum followed by a subsequent lesion of the contralateral striatum compared to those animals that received bilateral KA-induced striatal lesions alone. The tissue transplants did not protect against the degeneration of striatal neurons induced by KA. Indeed, the survival rate was very low (25%) in the transplant groups. A second experiment was also performed to examine whether a neonatal striatal transplant might reduce the severe syndrome of aphagia and adipsia associated with KA lesions of the striatum. Animals that received the neonatal striatal transplants showed increased aphagia and adipsia compared to animals only receiving the KA lesion. Again, the transplant group had a very low survival rate (10%). The present study was unable to confirm that neonatal striatal transplants protect against KA lesions either by themselves or in conjunction with a recent KA lesion.

scholarly journals Seed longevity of maize conserved under germplasm bank conditions for up to 60 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Guzzon ◽  
Maraeva Gianella ◽  
Jose Alejandro Velazquez Juarez ◽  
Cesar Sanchez Cano ◽  
Denise E Costich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Germination Experiments

Abstract Background and Aims The long-term conservation of seeds of plant genetic resources is of key importance for food security and preservation of agrobiodiversity. Nevertheless, there is scarce information available about seed longevity of many crops under germplasm bank conditions. Methods Through germination experiments as well as the analysis of historical monitoring data, we studied the decline in viability manifested by 1000 maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) seed accessions conserved for an average of 48 years at the CIMMYT germplasm bank, the largest maize seedbank in the world, under two cold storage conditions: an active (–3 °C; intended for seed distribution) and a base conservation chamber (–15 °C; for long-term conservation). Key Results Seed lots stored in the active chamber had a significantly lower and more variable seed germination, averaging 81.4 %, as compared with the seed lots conserved in the base chamber, averaging 92.1 %. The average seed viability detected in this study was higher in comparison with that found in other seed longevity studies on maize conserved under similar conditions. A significant difference was detected in seed germination and longevity estimates (e.g. p85 and p50) among accessions. Correlating seed longevity with seed traits and passport data, grain type showed the strongest correlation, with flint varieties being longer lived than floury and dent types. Conclusions The more rapid loss of seed viability detected in the active chamber suggests that the seed conservation approach, based on the storage of the same seed accessions in two chambers with different temperatures, might be counterproductive for overall long-term conservation and that base conditions should be applied in both. The significant differences detected in seed longevity among accessions underscores that different viability monitoring and regeneration intervals should be applied to groups of accessions showing different longevity profiles.

scholarly journals A Kleptoparasitic Cecidomyiid and Other Flies Associated With Spiders

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Sivinski ◽  
Mark Stowe
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Single Exception ◽  
Dominant Member

Spiders and their webs are predictable sources of insect cadavers. A small number of animals regularly exploit this resource, either as kleptoparasites or commensals, depending on whether symbionts compete for the same prey (see Robinson and Robinson, 1977, for more detailed terminology). Among the thieves are specialized spiders (citations in Vollrath 1979a, 1979b), mature male and juvenile spiders (Stowe 1978, citations in Nyffeler and Benz 1980), Hemiptera (Davis and Russell 1969), a hummingbird (takes webbing in addition to small insects, Young 1971), panorpid scorpion-flies (Thornhill 1975), Lepidoptera larvae (Robinson 1978), wasps (Jeanne 1972), damselflies (Vollrath 1977), and a handful of flies (reviews in Knab 1915; Bristowe 1931, 1941; Lindner 1937; Richards 1953; Robinson and Robinson 1977). Only a few of the reports on Diptera kleptoparasites originate from North America (McCook 1889, Frost 1913, Downes and Smith 1969). With a single exception (Downes and Smith 1969), all of the previously described kleptoparasitic flies belong to the Brachycera and Cyclorrhapha. We report here on a surprisingly diverse kleptoparasitic Diptera fauna in north central Florida with a cecidomyiid (Nematocera) as its dominant member.

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