Comparison of Experimental Hut Entrance and Exit Behavior BetweenAnopheles darlingifrom the Cayo District, Belize, and Zungarococha, Peru

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Sachs ◽  
Gloria Alicia Diaz Rodriguez ◽  
Ireneo Briceno ◽  
Russell King ◽  
Nicole L Achee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Hut ◽  
Exit Behavior ◽  
Cayo District

scholarly journals Efficacy of interceptor® G2, a long-lasting insecticide mixture net treated with chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin against Anopheles funestus: experimental hut trials in north-eastern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick K. Tungu ◽  
Elisante Michael ◽  
Wema Sudi ◽  
William W. Kisinza ◽  
Mark Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Experimental Hut ◽  
Field Evidence

Abstract Background The effectiveness of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN), the primary method for preventing malaria in Africa, is compromised by evolution and spread of pyrethroid resistance. Further gains require new insecticides with novel modes of action. Chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide that disrupts mitochrondrial function and confers no cross-resistance to neurotoxic insecticides. Interceptor® G2 LN (IG2) is an insecticide-mixture LLIN, which combines wash-resistant formulations of chlorfenapyr and the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin. The objective was to determine IG2 efficacy under controlled household-like conditions for personal protection and control of wild, pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus mosquitoes. Methods Experimental hut trials tested IG2 efficacy against two positive controls—a chlorfenapyr-treated net and a standard alpha-cypermethrin LLIN, Interceptor LN (IG1)—consistent with World Health Organization (WHO) evaluation guidelines. Mosquito mortality, blood-feeding inhibition, personal protection, repellency and insecticide-induced exiting were recorded after zero and 20 washing cycles. The trial was repeated and analysed using multivariate and meta-analysis. Results In the two trials held in NE Tanzania, An. funestus mortality was 2.27 (risk ratio 95% CI 1.13–4.56) times greater with unwashed Interceptor G2 than with unwashed Interceptor LN (p = 0.012). There was no significant loss in mortality with IG2 between 0 and 20 washes (1.04, 95% CI 0.83–1.30, p = 0.73). Comparison with chlorfenapyr treated net indicated that most mortality was induced by the chlorfenapyr component of IG2 (0.96, CI 0.74–1.23), while comparison with Interceptor LN indicated blood-feeding was inhibited by the pyrethroid component of IG2 (IG2: 0.70, CI 0.44–1.11 vs IG1: 0.61, CI 0.39–0.97). Both insecticide components contributed to exiting from the huts but the contributions were heterogeneous between trials (heterogeneity Q = 36, P = 0.02). WHO susceptibility tests with pyrethroid papers recorded 44% survival in An. funestus. Conclusions The high mortality recorded by IG2 against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus provides first field evidence of high efficacy against this primary, anthropophilic, malaria vector.

scholarly journals Bionomics and insecticides resistance profiling of malaria vectors at a selected site for experimental hut trials in central Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Menze ◽  
Murielle J. Wondji ◽  
William Tchapga ◽  
Micareme Tchoupo ◽  
Jacob M. Riveron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Experimental Hut

scholarly journals Description of Triatoma mopan sp. n. from a cave in Belize (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 775 ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Dorn ◽  
Silvia A. Justi ◽  
Carolina Dale ◽  
Lori Stevens ◽  
Cleber Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Locality ◽  
Geometric Morphometry ◽  
Cayo District

In this paper, Triatomamopan sp. n. is described based on five males and six females collected in the Rio Frio cave, Cayo District, Belize. This species is similar to Triatomadimidiata (Latreille), but can be distinguished by characters found on the pronotum, legs, and abdomen. Geometric morphometry and phylogenetic comparisons are also provided. Presently, the species is known only from the type locality and is a potential Chagas vector.

scholarly journals An Experimental Hut Evaluation of PBO-Based and Pyrethroid-Only Nets against the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Reveals a Loss of Bed Nets Efficacy Associated with GSTe2 Metabolic Resistance

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Menze ◽  
Mersimine F. Kouamo ◽  
Murielle J. Wondji ◽  
Williams Tchapga ◽  
Micareme Tchoupo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Metabolic Resistance ◽  
Experimental Hut ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets ◽  
Permanet 3.0

Growing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is threatening the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions, including Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs). However, the impact of metabolic resistance on the effectiveness of these tools remains poorly characterized. Using experimental hut trials and genotyping of a glutathione S-transferase resistance marker (L119F-GSTe2), we established that GST-mediated resistance is reducing the efficacy of LLINs against Anopheles funestus. Hut trials performed in Cameroon revealed that Piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based nets induced a significantly higher mortality against pyrethroid resistant An. funestus than pyrethroid-only nets. Blood feeding rate and deterrence were significantly higher in all LLINs than control. Genotyping the L119F-GSTe2 mutation revealed that, for permethrin-based nets, 119F-GSTe2 resistant mosquitoes have a greater ability to blood feed than susceptible while the opposite effect is observed for deltamethrin-based nets. For Olyset Plus, a significant association with exophily was observed in resistant mosquitoes (OR = 11.7; p < 0.01). Furthermore, GSTe2-resistant mosquitoes (cone assays) significantly survived with PermaNet 2.0 (OR = 2.1; p < 0.01) and PermaNet 3.0 (side) (OR = 30.1; p < 0.001) but not for Olyset Plus. This study shows that the efficacy of PBO-based nets (e.g., blood feeding inhibition) against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors could be impacted by other mechanisms including GST-mediated metabolic resistance not affected by the synergistic action of PBO. Mosaic LLINs incorporating a GST inhibitor (diethyl maleate) could help improve their efficacy in areas of GST-mediated resistance.

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