scholarly journals Diet composition and niche overlap of two sympatric carnivores: Asiatic jackal Canis aureus and Kashmir hill fox Vulpes vulpesgriffithii, inhabiting Pir Lasura National Park, northeastern Himalayan region, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz Akrim ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Nadeem ◽  
Tashi Dhendup ◽  
Hira Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
Sympatric Carnivores

scholarly journals Dhole Cuon alpinus (Mammalia: Carnivora: Canidae) rediscovered in Bardia National Park, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 14582-14586
Author(s):  
Shailendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Naresh Subedi ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Thapa ◽  
Laxman Poudyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
Cuon Alpinus ◽  
Sympatric Carnivores ◽  
Wild Dogs

An increasing intensity of camera traps recorded the presence of poorly known and globally Endangered Asiatic Wild Dogs Cuon alpinus from different locations in recent years in Nepal.  After 18 years since the previous report, we recorded 29 photos and a video of Dholes in four independent detections with an effort of 4,035 trap-nights during camera trap surveys targeted at tigers in the winter of 2016/2017.  Solitary dholes were camera-trapped from four locations within 27.45km2 area in Bardia National Park.  The evidence of a dead Dhole probably killed in retaliation shows the threat to the species.  Dholes co-exist in Bardia with sympatric carnivores like Tiger Panthera tigris, Leopard Panthera pardus, and Jackal Canis aureus. 

scholarly journals Fire history and climate-growth response of Abies spectabilis : A case from Langtang National Park, Nepal Himalaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
S. Basnet ◽  
N. P. Gaire ◽  
P. K. Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Fire Scars ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Abies Spectabilis

This study presents the potential of a conifer species (Abies spectabilis D. Don) to reconstruct fire history by using dendro chronological technique along with thedendroclimatic response in Langtang National Park, Central Himalaya of Nepal. For the fire history reconstruction, altogether eight cross-sections samples from fire affected eight trees and another 20 tree-cores from 10 trees with visible fire scars were taken. In the case of dendroclimatic study, 24 healthy cores of A. spectabilis were selected from the 40 cores extracted from 19 trees. The standard dendro chronological methodology was used for sample preparation and analysis. A 199-year long ring-width chronology of A. spectabilis spanning from 1818 to 2016 AD was developed. In spite of visible fire burn in near bark-surface, no potential fire scars are seen in inner parts in the cross-section samples. However, 12 cores showed that three fire burns occurred simultaneously in the forest area in the years 1917−1918, 1969−1970 and 2009−2010, respectively. Tree-ring-based fire event-record is found to be concurrent to the local people's perceptions/experience about the past fire history in the area. Tree growth climate relationship showed sensitive responses to both growing and non-growing season’s temperature and precipitation variability. Summer temperature had positive influence on growth of the species. Precipitation of monsoon and autumn were found to have negative influence on radial growth whereas pre-monsoon precipitation had positive association with tree radial-growth. This preliminary assessment shows that there is a huge potential of tree-ring research for long-term fire history in the region and helps us to better understand the role of fire in the ecology and management in the Himalayan region. The study can also be replicated in other fire-affected areas of the Himalayan region by using fire sensitive species in the sampling.

Benefits of being a generalist carnivore when threatened by climate change: the comparative dietary ecology of two sympatric semelparous marsupials, including a new endangered species (Antechinus arktos)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma L. Gray ◽  
Chris J. Burwell ◽  
Andrew M. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Dietary Ecology ◽  
Late 21St Century ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Selection Of

The endangered black-tailed dusky antechinus (Antechinus arktos) was described in 2014, so most aspects of its ecology are unknown. We examined diet composition and prey selection of A. arktos and a sympatric congener, the northern form of A. stuartii, at two sites in Springbrook National Park. Overall, taxa from 25 invertebrate orders were identified in the diets from 252 scat samples. Dietary components were similar for each species, but A. arktos consumed a higher frequency and volume of dipteran larvae and Diplopoda, while A. stuartii consumed more Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera and Isopoda. Both species of Antechinus had a higher percentage of ‘empty’ scats (devoid of any identifiable invertebrate material) in 2014 compared with 2015. The former was a drier year overall. Lower rainfall may have reduced abundance and diversity of arthropod prey, causing both species to supplement their diet with soft-bodied prey items such as earthworms, which are rarely detected in scats. Comparison of prey in scats with invertebrate captures from pitfall traps showed both species to be dietary generalists, despite exhibiting distinct preference and avoidance of certain prey categories. The ability of an endangered generalist marsupial to switch prey may be particularly advantageous considering the anticipated effects of climate change on Gondwanan rainforests during the mid-late 21st century.

scholarly journals Feeding habits and microhabitat utilization by two syntopic Brazilian Amazonian frogs (Hyla minuta and Pseudopaludicula sp. (gr. falcipes)

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. VAN SLUYS ◽  
C. F. D. ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Diet Composition ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Frog Species

We studied the feeding habits and microhabitat use of the Amazonian frogs Hyla minuta and Pseudopaludicula sp. at Serra Norte, Carajás, Brazil. Although living syntopically, the two species differed markedly in both prey types and sizes. Standardized feeding niche breadth of H. minuta (Bst = 0.572) was larger than that of Pseudopaludicula sp. (Bst = 0.149) and their feeding niche overlap was considerably low (10.5%). The two frog species also differed in microhabitat use. When active, Pseudopaludicula sp. were found partially submerged at the lake border whereas H. minuta were found predominantly on Nymphaea sp. leaves. Although we have not evaluated taxonomic effects on diet composition, differences in diet may be partially explained by differences in microhabitat use and frogs' size.

scholarly journals Diet composition of reintroduced Red-and-Green Macaws (Ara chloropterus) reflects gradual adaption to life in the wild

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia L. Volpe ◽  
Bettina Thalinger ◽  
Elisabet Vilacoba ◽  
Thomas W.A. Braukmann ◽  
Adrián S. Di Giacomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
List Type ◽  
Good Level ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Total Diversity

ABSTRACTOver the last two centuries, the Red-and-green Macaw (Ara chloropterus) has become locally extinct in Argentina. In an attempt to restore its key ecosystem functions as both disperser and regulator of large-seeded plants, a reintroduction project was initiated at the Iberá National Park in northeastern Argentina. The ability of released individuals to find food is crucial, in particular when working with captive-bred animals, as long-term establishment of a self-sustaining population depends on their short-term ability to exploit wild food sources. Monitoring of feeding habits is usually conducted through behavioral observation, but in recent years DNA metabarcoding has emerged as an alternative for obtaining highly resolved data on diet composition. In this study we use a combination of both techniques to characterize the breadth and composition of the reintroduced macaws’ diet. In addition, we evaluate the efficiency of both direct field observations and metabarcoding of feces as techniques to assess diet composition. Individuals fed on a variety of plant species (n = 49) belonging to a broad phylogenetic spectrum (28 families). Dietary richness estimated by direct observation and metabarcoding was similar, though smaller than the combination of the two datasets as both techniques detected at least 15 species not recorded by the other method. While the total number of detected species was higher for observational data, the rate of species-detection per sampling day was higher for metabarcoding. These results suggest that a combination of both methods is required in order to obtain the most accurate account of the total diversity of the diet of a species. The ability of the reintroduced macaws to successfully exploit local food resources throughout the year indicates a good level of adjustment to the release site, an important step towards the creation of a stable, self-sustaining population of Red-and-green Macaws in Northern Argentina.RESUMENEn el transcurso de los últimos dos siglos, el Guacamayo Rojo (Ara chloropterus) se ha extinguido en la Argentina. Buscando recuperar su rol ecológico tanto de dispersor como de depredador de semillas de gran tamaño, se comenzó un proyecto de reintroducción de la especie en el Parque Nacional Iberá, en la región noreste del país. La capacidad para encontrar alimento por parte de los individuos liberados es crucial, particularmente cuando se trabaja con animales provenientes de condiciones de cautiverio, ya que el establecimiento de una población autosuficiente a largo plazo dependerá de la habilidad de éstos para explotar fuentes de alimento silvestre a corto plazo. El monitoreo de hábitos alimenticios se realiza usualmente a través de observaciones comportamentales. Sin embargo, en los últimos años la técnica del meta-código de barras de ADN ha surgido como una alternativa para la obtención de datos de composición dietaria con alto nivel de resolución. En este estudio, utilizamos una combinación de ambas técnicas para caracterizar la amplitud y composición de la dieta de los guacamayos reintroducidos. A su vez, evaluamos la eficiencia de la observación directa y el código de barras genético de heces como técnicas para evaluar la composición de la dieta. Los individuos se alimentaron de una amplia variedad de especies (n = 49), abarcando un amplio espectro filogenético (28 familias). La riqueza dietaria estimada por observación directa y por meta-código de barras genético fue similar, aunque menor a la resultante de la combinación de todos los datos ya que ambas técnicas detectaron al menos 15 especies no registradas por el otro método. Mientras que el número total de especies detectadas fue mayor para los métodos observacionales, la tasa de detección de especies por día de muestreo fue mayor para el análisis genético. Estos resultados sugieren que una combinación de ambos métodos es necesaria para obtener la descripción más precisa posible de la diversidad dietaria total de una especie. La capacidad de los guacamayos reintroducidos para explotar recursos alimenticios locales a lo largo del año estaría indicando un buen nivel de adaptación al sitio de liberación, un paso muy importante hacia el establecimiento de una población de Guacamayo Rojo estable y autosuficiente en el norte de Argentina.Palabras claveAra chloropterus, Conservación, Dieta, Frugivoría, Meta-código de barras, Guacamayo Rojo, Reintroducción, Ecología tróficaLAY SUMMARYThe Red-and-green Macaw reintroduction project aims to restore this species to Argentina, where it is locally extinct. To assess if reintroduced macaws are successfully adapting to life in the wild, we studied their foraging habits at the Iberá National Park. Their food consumption was observed visually, and their feces were analyzed with molecular methods for traces of the consumed plants.Macaws fed from a large diversity of food items, exhibiting a flexible diet which varied with fruit availability in different months. A combination of both methods was required to obtain the most accurate account of the total diversity of the diet of a species.The reintroduced macaws were able to successfully locate and exploit food resources throughout the year, indicating a good level of adjustment to the release site.

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