scholarly journals Fine-scale spatio-temporal variation in tiger Panthera tigris diet: effect of study duration and extent on estimates of tiger diet in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Kapfer ◽  
Henry M. Streby ◽  
Bhim Gurung ◽  
Achara Simcharoen ◽  
Charles C. McDougal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Study Duration ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Living with tigers Panthera tigris: patterns, correlates, and contexts of human–tiger conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Dhungana ◽  
Tommaso Savini ◽  
Jhamak Bahadur Karki ◽  
Maheshwar Dhakal ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Village Development Committee ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractHuman–tiger conflict arises when tigers Panthera tigris attack people or their livestock, and poses a significant threat to both tigers and people. To gain a greater understanding of such conflict we examined spatio-temporal patterns, correlates, causes and contexts of conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and its buffer zone, during 2007–2014. Data, mostly from compensation applications, were collected from the Park office. Fifty-four human casualties (32 fatalities, 22 injuries) and 351 incidents of livestock depredation were recorded, clustered in defined areas, with 75.9% of human casualties occurring in the buffer zone and 66.7% within 1 km of the Park boundary. A linear model indicated there was a significant increase in human casualties during 2007–2014. Livestock were killed in proportion to their relative availability, with goats suffering the highest depredation (55%). There was a positive correlation between livestock depredation and National Park frontage (the length of Village Development Committee/municipality boundary abutting the National Park), but not human population, livestock population, forest area in the buffer zone, rainfall or temperature. There was no relationship between tiger attacks on people and any of the correlates examined. Wild prey density was not correlated with conflict. Of the tigers removed because of conflict, 73.3% were male. The majority of attacks on people occurred during accidental meetings (77.8%), mostly while people were collecting fodder or fuelwood (53.7%), and almost half (48.2%) occurred in the buffer zone forests. We recommend the use of the conflict map developed here in the prioritization of preventive measures, and that strategies to reduce conflict should include zoning enforcement, improvement of livestock husbandry, participatory tiger monitoring, an insurance scheme, and community awareness.

Tigers (Panthera tigris) respond to fine spatial-scale habitat factors: occupancy-based habitat association of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanta Kafley ◽  
Matthew E. Gompper ◽  
Mandira Sharma ◽  
Babu R. Lamichane ◽  
Rupak Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scale ◽  
National Park ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Fine Spatial Scale ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Chitwan National Park

Context Source populations of many large carnivores such as tigers (Panthera tigris) are confined within small wildlife refuges in human-dominated landscapes. Appropriate management of these populations may warrant understanding fine-scale use of habitat. Aims The aim of the present study is to understand the fine spatial-scale habitat associations of tigers in Chitwan National Park, Nepal. Methods We conducted camera-trap surveys across the park and applied an occupancy modelling approach to assess the probability of tiger detection and occurrence as a function of fine-scale habitat covariates. Results Tiger detection probability as a function of fine-scale habitat covariates was ≤0.20 compared with that of a constant detection model. Detectability patterns were best explained by models incorporating the effect of prey, slope and landcover type. Similarly, the best occupancy model incorporating the detection probability included prey, landcover type, water and slope. Tiger occurrence patterns were positively associated with prey availability and certain landcover types such as grasslands. Contrary to expectation, occurrence probability decreased further from human settlements. However, as expected, the occurrence of tigers was higher in proximity to water sources. Conclusions Both tiger detection and occurrence are influenced by fine-scale habitat factors, including prey availability. In small protected areas, individuals may persist at high population densities by intensively focusing their activity on small portions of their home ranges. Implications Our study provided insight into the fine spatial-scale occurrence probability of tigers, and thereby aids in developing appropriate habitat management strategies at the protected-area level. Our approach is broadly applicable to the robust assessment of fine-scale wildlife–habitat associations of many wide-ranging species that are ecologically ‘confined’ in smaller protected areas.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal patterns of attacks on human and economic losses from wildlife in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. e0195373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babu Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Gerard A. Persoon ◽  
Herwig Leirs ◽  
Shashank Poudel ◽  
Naresh Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Prey selection by Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) of Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 8081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saneer Lamichhane ◽  
Bibhuti Ranjan Jha
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
National Park ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Prey Composition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Panthera Tigris Tigris ◽  
Chitwan National Park

<p>Prey selection by tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal was studied from 77 tiger scats that contained the remains of principal prey species.  The scats were collected from January to March 2010.  Government reports on herbivore population in Chitwan provided the base data on density of principal prey species.  In order to understand prey selectivity, the observed proportion of prey species in the scats were compared with the expected proportion derived from density estimates.  The observed scat frequency of Sambar, Hog Deer and Wild Boar was found to be greater than the estimated frequency, and the reverse was true for Chital and Muntjac.  The average weight of the principal prey species killed was 84 kg. According to our results, Chital and Sambar constituted the bulk (82.07%), and Hog Deer, Wild Boar, and Muntjac constituted 17.93% of the tiger diet.  Sambar contributed the largest bulk (43.75%) of prey composition, but Chital constituted the relatively most killed (50.36%) prey species.  The present study makes a contribution to an understanding of the status of prey composition in tiger scat in Chitwan during the year 2010.  The study also highlights that both large and medium sized prey are important for the conservation of tiger in Chitwan National Park.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Diet of Bengal Tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivish Bhandari ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise ◽  
Chiranjibi Prasad Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Axis Axis ◽  
Panthera Tigris Tigris ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Muntiacus Muntjak ◽  
Cervus Unicolor ◽  
Wild Pig

AbstractWe studied the diet of the Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, by identifying 109 prey items from 85 tiger scats. Tigers in this region fed upon eight different mammal species. Chital (Axis axis) was the major prey with a frequency of 45% of the Tigers’ diet. The occurrence of other prey species included sambar (Cervus unicolor, 23%), wild pig (Sus scrofa, 15%), hog deer (Axis porcinus, 9%), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak, 4%), and gaur (Bos gaurus, 2%). Tigers also hunted livestock, but this prey comprised a small component of the relative biomass (buffalo 5% and cow 2%). Our study suggests that the tiger depends mostly upon wild prey for its subsistence in the Chitwan National Park, but will also sporadically hunt livestock.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Habitat Suitability Modeling for Panthera tigris in Chitwan National Park, Nepal: Broader Conservation Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13885
Author(s):  
Li An ◽  
Eve Bohnett ◽  
Curtis Battle ◽  
Jie Dai ◽  
Rebecca Lewison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Habitat Suitability Modeling ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Males And Females

Although research on wildlife species across taxa has shown that males and females may differentially select habitat, sex-specific habitat suitability models for endangered species are uncommon. We developed sex-specific models for Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris) based on camera trapping data collected from 20 January to 22 March 2010 within Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and its buffer zone. We compared these to a sex-indiscriminate habitat suitability model to assess the benefits of a sex-specific approach to habitat suitability modeling. Our sex-specific models produced more informative and detailed habitat suitability maps and highlighted vital differences in the spatial distribution of suitable habitats for males and females, specific associations with different vegetation types, and habitat use near human settlements. Improving and refining habitat models for this and other critically endangered species provides the necessary information to meet established conservation goals and population recovery targets.

scholarly journals When, where and whom: assessing wildlife attacks on people in Chitwan National Park, Nepal

Oryx ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakur Silwal ◽  
Jaromir Kolejka ◽  
Bharat P. Bhatta ◽  
Santosh Rayamajhi ◽  
Ram P. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
The People ◽  
Rhinoceros Unicornis ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Melursus Ursinus

AbstractWildlife attacks on people in and around protected areas have become one of the main challenges for wildlife management authorities. We assessed all correlates of wildlife attacks during 2003–2013 in the vicinity of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. We used data from various sources (discussion with stakeholders, field observations, questionnaire surveys). Wildlife attacks were significantly correlated to factors such as site, season and time, activity, gender and awareness. Moreover, 89% of recorded attacks occurred outside the Park. The number of attacks fluctuated widely and patterns of attacks were significantly uneven across seasons and months. Of the 87% of attacks that occurred during the day, 63% occurred in the morning. Most victims were male and c. 45% of attacks occurred when people were collecting forest resources or working on croplands. Attacks were carried out predominantly by rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis (38%), tigers Panthera tigris (21%), sloth bears Melursus ursinus (18%), elephants Elephas maximus (9%) and wild boar Sus scrofa (8%). The people attacked lived close to the Park, depended on farming for their livelihoods, and had little knowledge of animal behaviour. Attacks can be mitigated through proper management of habitats inside the Park and raising awareness of wildlife behaviour among local people. We recommend establishing a participatory emergency rescue team to deal with problematic animals in high-risk areas.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document