HIV and African Americans: Relationship to Cultural Competence, Implicit Bias, Social Determinants, and US Jails and Prisons

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon McDougle ◽  
Sharon L. Davies ◽  
Daniel M. Clinchot
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Implicit Bias

Race, African Americans, and Psychoanalysis: Collective Silence in the Therapeutic Situation

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionne R. Powell
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Analytic Work ◽  
Collective Silence ◽  
American Society ◽  
Blind Spots

Both historically and currently, assaults on the black body and mind have been ubiquitous in American society, posing a counterargument to America as a postracial, color-blind society. Yet the collective silence of psychoanalysts on this societal reality limits our ability to explore, teach, and treat the effects, both interpersonal and intrapsychic, of race, racism, racialized trauma, and implicit bias and privilege. This silence, which challenges our relevance as a profession, must be explored in the context of America’s racialized identity as an outgrowth of slavery and institutional racism. Racial identifications that maintain whiteness as a construct privileged over otherness are an obstacle to conducting analytic work. Examples of work with racial tensions and biases illustrate its therapeutic potential. The challenge for us as clinicians is to acknowledge and explore our racial bias, ignorance, blind spots, and privilege, along with identifications with the oppressed and the oppressor, as contributors to our silence.

Book review

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Rodney B. Dieser, PhD, CTRS, tLMHC
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Chinese Americans ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Recreational Therapy ◽  
Hmong Americans

Cultural Competence in Recreational Therapy: Working with African Americans, Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, Hmong Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Rican Americans, by Jearold W. Holland. Idyll Arbor, 2014, 197 pages.

scholarly journals Equal Protection? Differential Effects of Religious Attendance on Black-White Older Adult Mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 395-395
Author(s):  
Ellen Idler
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Religious Attendance ◽  
Equal Protection ◽  
Frequent Attendance

Abstract Social determinants of later life population health are “the circumstances in which we are born, grow up, live, work, and age” usually identified as power and status determinants: income, wealth, and education. Although rarely considered a social determinant of health, religious social ties are a familiar “circumstance” for many older persons, and there is considerable evidence linking religious attendance to all-cause mortality. There are race differences in both religiosity and mortality patterns: Black Americans show higher levels of both religious attendance and mortality compared with white Americans. This raises the question of equal protection of religious attendance: Is the protective effect of religious attendance on mortality weaker, stronger, or the same for whites and African Americans? The analysis employs 10-year longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, 2004-2014 (N=18,346). In stratified models, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and health, African Americans have a hazard ratio (HR) for frequent attendance at services that is more protective than for whites: .48 (95%CI: .35, .67) compared with .61 (95%CI: .53, .70). Health behaviors mediate 19% of the effect for blacks and 26% for whites; other social ties mediate 12.5% of the effect for blacks and 7% for whites. An interaction test shows a more protective effect of frequent attendance for blacks compared with whites (p<.000). Religious attendance may be more beneficial for African Americans who are multiply disadvantaged with respect to other social determinants of health. The mediation patterns also suggest that the mechanisms of effect for blacks and whites may differ.

scholarly journals Self-Assessment of Cultural Competence and Social Determinants of Health within a First-Year Required Pharmacy Course

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Ulyana Kucherepa ◽  
Mary Beth O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The Self ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Likert Scales ◽  
Before And After

As social determinants of health (SDOH) and health disparities are integrated with cultural competence in healthcare education, tools assessing multiple topics are needed. The Self-Assessment of Perceived Level of Cultural Competence (SAPLCC) survey is validated in student pharmacists and includes SDOH. The research objective was to determine if the SAPLCC survey can quantify cultural competence and SDOH course learning. First-year student pharmacists (N = 87) completed the SAPLCC survey anonymously before and after a social and administrative sciences course. The survey had 75 items with 1–4 Likert scales (4 high, total 300 points). All items were summed for the total score. Each item was assigned to a domain and factor. Factors were assigned to domains. The baseline total score was 190 ± 29 points, increasing by 63 ± 33 points post-course. All domains (i.e., knowledge, skills, attitudes, encounters, abilities, awareness), 13 of 14 factors, and total scores statistically increased. The SAPLCC tool captured student pharmacists’ self-reported changes in cultural competence and SDOH.

scholarly journals Implicit Bias and Cultural Competence: A Framework for Enhancing Tacit Knowledge Transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (25) ◽  
pp. 6-30
Author(s):  
Manar Alsaid ◽  
Suliman Hawamdeh ◽  
Bobbie Sartin Long
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
De Se ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Transfer

A competência cultural se refere à capacidade de se comunicar e interagir com pessoas de diferentes culturas, ao mesmo tempo que reconhece a existência de preconceitos implícitos. O preconceito implícito sugere que os estereótipos e julgamentos preconcebidos podem afetar o julgamento de alguém e podem levar a ações não intencionais. Os eventos recentes que se seguiram à morte de George Floyd geraram protestos em todo o mundo em apoio ao movimento Black Lives Matters e à justiça social. Os eventos destacaram a necessidade de reexaminar as práticas atuais de policiamento e enfocar as questões sociais e culturais que afetam o policiamento. O trabalho policial é complexo e às vezes exige que os policiais tomem ações rápidas e tomem decisões em frações de segundo, especialmente ao lidar com situações traumáticas, como apreender criminosos, proteger cenas de crime, preservar evidências, ajudar nas investigações e fazer testes em tribunais. Às vezes, essas tarefas são percebidas negativamente pelo público como resultado de incidentes violentos e encontros adversos com policiais. O trabalho de policiamento requer indivíduos altamente treinados com um espectro de habilidades, conhecimentos e competências. Neste artigo, examinamos algumas das questões culturais e estruturais relativas ao trabalho policial e propomos uma estrutura conceitual que pode servir como um preditor para melhorar a competência cultural e a mudança comportamental.

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