scholarly journals Sonic Velocity and Electrical Resistivity of Rock Samples from Hole 504B, Leg 83: Measurements Under In Situ Conditions

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Sonic Velocity ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
In Situ Conditions

scholarly journals Quantifying the Porosity of Crystalline Rocks by In Situ and Laboratory Injection Methods

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1072
Author(s):  
Andreas Möri ◽  
Martin Mazurek ◽  
Kunio Ota ◽  
Marja Siitari-Kauppi ◽  
Florian Eichinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zones ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Rock Body ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Core Recovery ◽  
Resin Impregnation ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
Injection Methods

The porosity and pore geometry of rock samples from a coherent granodioritic rock body at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland was characterised by different methods using injection techniques. Results from in situ and laboratory techniques are compared by applying innovative in situ resin impregnation techniques as well as rock impregnation and mercury injection under laboratory conditions. In situ resin impregnation of the rock matrix shows an interconnected pore network throughout the rock body, consisting mainly of grain-boundary pores and solution pores in magmatic feldspar, providing an important reservoir for pore water and solutes, accessible by diffusion. Porosity and pore connectivity do not vary as a function of distance to brittle shear zones. In situ porosity was found to be about 0.3 vol.%, which is about half the porosity value that was determined based on rock samples in the laboratory. Samples that were dried and impregnated in the laboratory were affected by artefacts created since core recovery, and thus showed higher porosity values than samples impregnated under in situ conditions. The extrapolation of laboratory measurements to in situ conditions requires great care and may not be feasible in all cases.

Collecting geochemical data of deep formation fluids for Geothermal Fluid Atlas for Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Kieling ◽  
Simona Regenspurg ◽  
Károly Kovács ◽  
Zsombor Fekete ◽  
Alberto Sánchez Miravalles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Geothermal Fluid ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Fluid Properties

<p>Most problems in deep geothermal operations are related to the chemistry of the geothermal fluid, which might cause deleterious physical and chemical reactions such as degassing and mineral precipitation or corrosion. However, data related the fluid properties are still scarce, largely as a consequence of the difficulty in determining these properties at in situ geothermal conditions, and the fact that those data are scattered across countries and often the “property” of commercial operators of geothermal power plants.</p><p>The EU H2020 project REFLECT aims to collect existing and new data on geothermal fluids across Europe through field measurements, detailed lab experiments simulating in situ conditions, and by calculations. These data will be implemented in case-specific predictive models simulating reactions at geothermal sites, as well as in a European geothermal Fluid Atlas.</p><p>To harmonize the metadata information for different fluid samples, REFLECT partners plan to register IGSNs (International Geo Sample Numbers) for fluid and reservoir rock samples collected and analysed within the project. The IGSN is a unique sample identifier, i.e. it is the equivalent to a DOI for publications. It was originally developed for drill cores and extended for various sample types, including fluid samples (seawater, river or lake water, hydrothermal fluids, porewater). Registration of fluid and rock samples with an IGSN will help to allow making the data accessible and re-usable even if the fluid sample itself is destroyed.</p><p>All data produced and collected within REFLECT form the base of the European Geothermal Fluid Atlas, which will include query and filtering tools to explore the database with a GIS based map visualization. The Atlas makes the data accessible to the geothermal community and the general public. The aim is to create a database, which can easily be integrated into other databases, such that the Fluid Atlas can be an addition to already existing initiatives of geological data collection.</p>

In-situ electrical-resistivity measurements in the high-voltage electron microscope

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
W. E. King
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Resistivity Measurements ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscope ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Helium Gas

A side-entry type, helium-temperature specimen stage that has the capability of in-situ electrical-resistivity measurements has been designed and developed for use in the AEI-EM7 1200-kV electron microscope at Argonne National Laboratory. The electrical-resistivity measurements complement the high-voltage electron microscope (HVEM) to yield a unique opportunity to investigate defect production in metals by electron irradiation over a wide range of defect concentrations.A flow cryostat that uses helium gas as a coolant is employed to attain and maintain any specified temperature between 10 and 300 K. The helium gas coolant eliminates the vibrations that arise from boiling liquid helium and the temperature instabilities due to alternating heat-transfer mechanisms in the two-phase temperature regime (4.215 K). Figure 1 shows a schematic view of the liquid/gaseous helium transfer system. A liquid-gas mixture can be used for fast cooldown. The cold tip of the transfer tube is inserted coincident with the tilt axis of the specimen stage, and the end of the coolant flow tube is positioned without contact within the heat exchanger of the copper specimen block (Fig. 2).

scholarly journals Rock Surface Fungi in Deep Continental Biosphere—Exploration of Microbial Community Formation with Subsurface In Situ Biofilm Trap

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Maija Nuppunen-Puputti ◽  
Riikka Kietäväinen ◽  
Lotta Purkamo ◽  
Pauliina Rajala ◽  
Merja Itävaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
In Situ Conditions

Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in the deep continental biosphere and the ability of deep subsurface fungi to attach to rock surfaces under in situ conditions in groundwater at 500 and 967 m depth in Precambrian bedrock. We present an in situ subsurface biofilm trap, designed to reveal sessile microbial communities on rock surface in deep continental groundwater, using Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole, in eastern Finland, as a test site. The observed fungal phyla in Outokumpu subsurface were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, significant proportion of the community represented unclassified Fungi. Sessile fungal communities on mica schist surfaces differed from the planktic fungal communities. The main bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota. Biofilm formation on rock surfaces is a slow process and our results indicate that fungal and bacterial communities dominate the early surface attachment process, when pristine mineral surfaces are exposed to deep subsurface ecosystems. Various fungi showed statistically significant cross-kingdom correlation with both thiosulfate and sulfate reducing bacteria, e.g., SRB2 with fungi Debaryomyces hansenii.

scholarly journals A new development of four-point method to measure the electrical resistivity in situ during plastic deformation

Measurement ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 109547
Author(s):  
Saeid Saberi ◽  
Martin Stockinger ◽  
Christian Stoeckl ◽  
Bruno Buchmayr ◽  
Helmut Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Point Method ◽  
New Development

scholarly journals Discrete element analysis of the punching behaviour of a secured drapery system: from laboratory characterization to idealized in situ conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pol ◽  
Fabio Gabrieli ◽  
Lorenzo Brezzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Wire Meshes

AbstractIn this work, the mechanical response of a steel wire mesh panel against a punching load is studied starting from laboratory test conditions and extending the results to field applications. Wire meshes anchored with bolts and steel plates are extensively used in rockfall protection and slope stabilization. Their performances are evaluated through laboratory tests, but the mechanical constraints, the geometry and the loading conditions may strongly differ from the in situ conditions leading to incorrect estimations of the strength of the mesh. In this work, the discrete element method is used to simulate a wire mesh. After validation of the numerical mesh model against experimental data, the punching behaviour of an anchored mesh panel is investigated in order to obtain a more realistic characterization of the mesh mechanical response in field conditions. The dimension of the punching element, its position, the anchor plate size and the anchor spacing are varied, providing analytical relationships able to predict the panel response in different loading conditions. Furthermore, the mesh panel aspect ratio is analysed showing the existence of an optimal value. The results of this study can provide useful information to practitioners for designing secured drapery systems, as well as for the assessment of their safety conditions.

scholarly journals Relating Induced in Situ Conditions of Raw Chicken Breast Meat to Pinking

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Holownia ◽  
M.S. Chinnan ◽  
A.E. Reynolds ◽  
JW Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Chicken Breast Meat

scholarly journals A microscopic approach to investigate bacteria under in situ conditions in sea-ice samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Junge ◽  
Christopher Krembs ◽  
Jody Deming ◽  
Aaron Stierle ◽  
Hajo Eicken
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Stain

AbstractMicrobial populations and activity within sea ice have been well described based on bulk measurements from melted sea-ice samples. However, melting destroys the micro-environments within the ice matrix and does not allow for examination of microbial populations at a spatial scale relevant to the organism. Here, we describe the development of a new method allowing for microscopic observations of bacteria localized within the three-dimensional network of brine inclusions in sea ice under in situ conditions. Conventional bacterial staining procedures, using the DNA-specific fluorescent stain DAPI, epifluorescence microscopy and image analysis, were adapted to examine bacteria and their associations with various surfaces within microtomed sections of sea ice at temperatures from −2° to −15°C. The utility and sensitivity of the method were demonstrated by analyzing artificial sea-ice preparations of decimal dilutions of a known bacterial culture. When applied to natural, particle-rich sea ice, the method allowed distinction between bacteria and particles at high magnification. At lower magnifications, observations of bacteria could be combined with those of other organisms and with morphology and particle content of the pore space. The method described here may ultimately aid in discerning constraints on microbial life at extremely low temperatures.

Trial applications at gymnasiums of in-situ sound absorption measurement method by ensemble averaging technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4532-4537
Author(s):  
Toru Otsuru ◽  
Reiji Tomiku ◽  
Noriko Okamoto ◽  
Siwat Lawanwadeekul
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Absorption Measurement ◽  
Ensemble Averaging ◽  
Averaging Technique ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Measurement Consistency ◽  
Absorption Characteristics

The authors have been published a series of papers on a measurement method for sound absorption characteristics of materials using ensemble averaging technique, i.e., EA method. The papers' results included measurement mechanisms, measurement uncertainty, and so on. Herein, to examine adaptability, especially in in-situ conditions, the EA method is applied to measure absorption characteristics of materials installed in two gymnasiums. A glass-wool panel with the dimension of 0.5 m by 0.5 m by 0.05 m and with the density of 32 kg m^-3 was brought around and measured to check the measurement consistency. Several measurements were conducted during badminton plays were undergoing. Measured sound absorption coefficients revealed that most results agree well with those measured in reverberation rooms. Certain improvement is necessary for the specimen brought to the in-situ measurement to keep the consistency. The inconsistency is considered to originate from unstable conditions between the specimen and floor.

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