scholarly journals Study of Phosphorus Removal using Zirconium-Sulfate-Surfactant Mesostructured Material

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyup LEE ◽  
Byoung-Cheun LEE ◽  
Kwan-Yong LEE ◽  
Yoshimasa WATANABE ◽  
Masakazu IWAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Zirconium Sulfate ◽  
Mesostructured Material

Heterotrophic Kinetic Parameter Estimation for Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes Operated in Conventional and Membrane-Assisted Modes

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Eric R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

Abstract Parameter estimation and wastewater characterization are crucial for modelling of the membrane enhanced biological phosphorus removal (MEBPR) process. Prior to determining the values of a subset of kinetic and stoichiometric parameters used in ASM No. 2 (ASM2), the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus fractions of influent wastewater at the University of British Columbia (UBC) pilot plant were characterized. It was found that the UBC wastewater contained fractions of volatile acids (SA), readily fermentable biodegradable COD (SF) and slowly biodegradable COD (XS) that fell within the ASM2 default value ranges. The contents of soluble inert COD (SI) and particulate inert COD (XI) were somewhat higher than ASM2 default values. Mixed liquor samples from pilot-scale MEBPR and conventional enhanced biological phosphorus removal (CEBPR) processes operated under parallel conditions, were then analyzed experimentally to assess the impact of operation in a membrane-assisted mode on the growth yield (YH), decay coefficient (bH) and maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophic biomass (µH). The resulting values for YH, bH and µH were slightly lower for the MEBPR train than for the CEBPR train, but the differences were not statistically significant. It is suggested that MEBPR simulation using ASM2 could be accomplished satisfactorily using parameter values determined for a conventional biological phosphorus removal process, if MEBPR parameter values are not available.

Anaerobic Digestion of Primary Sludge Containing Iron Phosphate

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. Jack ◽  
G.J. Farquhar ◽  
G.M. Cornwall
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Group Report ◽  
Aluminum Compounds

Abstract The importance of phosphorus as a nutrient in the eutrophication of lakes and rivers has been well established (Fruh 1967). It has been shown in addition that a significant amount of this phosphorus arises from the discharge of treated and untreated municipal wastewater (Task Group Report 1967). Consequently, measures are being taken, notably in the Province of Ontario, for removal of phosphorus from wastewater by means of chemical precipitation. Chemicals exhibiting satisfactory phosphorus removal include lime, iron compounds and aluminum compounds (Leckie and Stumm 1970; Schmid 1968; Wuhrman 1968).

Upgrading Wastewater Treatment Plants with Anaerobic Selectors

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
K. D. Tracy ◽  
S. N. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Activated Sludge Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

The anaerobic selector of the A/0™ process offers many advantages over conventional activated sludge processes with respect to process performance and operational stability. This high-rate, single-sludge process has been successfully demonstrated in full-scale operations for biological phosphorus removal and total nitrogen control in addition to BOD and TSS removal. This process can be easily utilized in upgrading existing treatment plants to meet stringent discharge limitations and to provide capacity expansion. Upgrades of two full-scale installations are described and performance data from the two facilities are presented.

Full Scale Study of Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 297-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Murakami ◽  
Atsushi Miyairi ◽  
Kazuhiro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

In Japan various biological phosphorus removal processes have recently been researched by laboratory or pilot plant scale studies and most of them have shown good results. Based on these results, the Japan Sewage Works Agency has conducted a full scale study of the biological phosphorus removal process from June 1982 until February 1983, which was the first full scale operation of this process in Japan. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate phosphorus removal efficiency and also nitrogen removal efficiency of the process and in addition, to ascertain the important operating factors of the process. For the study a treatment train of a large scale sewage treatment plant was remodelled. The aeration tank of 3.825 m3 volume was divided into four equal cells. The whole train including return sludge line was operated entirely independently of the other trains. During the experiment the train was operated under two different modes, Mode 1 and Mode 2. In Mode 1, the train was operated as an A/O process, the first cell of the aeration tank being anaerobic and the other cells oxic. In Mode 2, the train was operated as a Modified Phoredox process. In this case, the first cell was anaerobic, but the second cell was anoxic and nitrified liquor was returned to it from the end of the oxic cells. Mode 1 and Mode 2 were further divided into many ‘runs' and the flow rate varied between 12,550 m3 d−1 and 25,270 m3 d−1 , corresponding to retention times of 7.3 hours and 3.6 hours, respectively. Throughout the experimental period the mean value of influent (primary effluent) total-P concentration was 3.38 mg 1−1 , and that of the final effluent was 0.47 mg 1−1 . A cumulated frequency curve of the data showed that about 93% of measured effluent total-P was below 1.0 mg l−1 . Therefore, it can be concluded that with these influent total-P levels, biological phosphorus removal processes can sufficiently satisfy the effluent standard of 1 mg 1−1 total-P. Even when the process was operated as a Modified Phoredox Process, no obstruction to phosphorus removal because of nitrification was observed and phosphorus removal remained good. However, since the sewage treatment plant treated influent from a combined sewerage system, phosphorus removal was sometimes affected by heavy rainfalls. In such cases phosphorus release in the anaerobic cell was insufficient because of increased influent NOx concentration and accordingly increased denitrification level in the anaerobic cell. Therefore, as a result, enhanced phosphorus uptake in the following cells could not be observed. Higher process stability can be expected if an effective countermeasure to high influent NOx concentration can be made. Influence of flow rate fluctuation on the process was also studied. The treatment train was operated for a week under a daily flow rate fluctuation pattern which ranged between 460 m3 hr−1 and 820 m3 hr−1 . Nevertheless, the effluent total-P concentration showed no increase and stayed constantly lower than 0.5 mg 1−1. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) was an effective control index to evaluate the degree of phosphorus release in the anaerobic cell. Water temperature did not affect phosphorus release and uptake rates.

Operation Experiences with Biological Phosphorus Removal at the Sewage Treatment Plants of Berlin (West)

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 133-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peter ◽  
F. Sarfert
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
Biological Phosphorus

In investigations concerning sludge bulking in Berlin enhanced biological phosphorus removal was first observed unexpectedly. Because since 1986 an officially preset limit of 2 mg TP/l must be kept in all Berlin wastewater discharges it was decided to explore the capabilities of the observed mechanism under the specific circumstances of the exciting two large treatment plants in Ruhleben (240,000 m3/d) and Marienfelde (100,000 m3/d). For this purpose some of the existing units at both plants were equipped with anaerobic zones which were generated mainly by process modifications. Additionally stage one of the Ruhleben plant was altered completely in order to investigate the combination of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal as a special pilot study in three parallel trains. The research activities and treatment results gained in each of the two stages of the Ruhleben and in the Marienfelde plant are reported in detail. For example BOD-related phosphorus removal rates were obtained ranging from 2.3-4.5 mg TP per 100 mg BOD removed. It must be stressed that all examinations were performed on full-scale conditions. At present the given limit of 2 mg TP/l in the Ruhleben plant is met without any chemical precipitation at least on average. From the beginning biological phosphorus removal will be integrated into further projected extensions.

Basic Studies on Phosphorus Removal by the Contact Aeration Process Using Iron Contactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4-6) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haruta ◽  
T. Takahashi ◽  
T. Nishiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Aeration Process ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The authors have developed what we call the submerged iron contactor process as a simple and inexpensive phosphorus removal method for small-scale plants disposing of domestic wastewater and household wastewater treatment tanks. In this method iron contactors are submerged in biological treatment tanks, where phosphate anions in wastewater are combined with iron cations produced through corrosion of the contactors, and the compound thus produced is precipitated and removed together with biological sludge. In these studies, laboratory experiments were made on the contact aeration process combined with the above-mentioned method, and the following findings were obtained. (1) It is desirable to treat wastewater by making use of corrosion by sulfate-reducing bacteria instead of corrosion by oxygen dissolved in wastewater, to conduct a stable phosphorus removal by this combined method. (2) The corrosion rate of iron contactors is affected by the volumetric loading of BOD in the tanks where they are submerged. (3) Assuming that an iron contactor continues to suffer corrosion evenly all over the surface when our combined method is applied, it is estimated that the corrosion rate is about 1mm or less in 30 years.

Nutrient Removal in Small Wastewater Treatment Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Niels Skov Olesen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Sensitive Technique ◽  
Pumping Station ◽  
Denitrification Reactor

In some areas of Denmark nutrient removal is required even for very small wastewater plants, that is down to 500 pe (pe = person equivalents). The goal for the removal is 80% removal of nitrogen and 90% removal of phosphorus, or in terms of concentrations: 8 mg nitrogen/l and 1.2 mg phosphorus/l. The inlet concentrations are typically 40 mg N/l and 10 mg P/l. The paper presents the results from two such plants with a capacity of 800 pe. Phosphorus removal is made by simultaneous precipitation with ferrous sulphate. Nitrogen removal is carried out using the recirculation method. Both plants were originally rotor aerated oxidation ditches. They have been extended with a denitrification reactor and a recirculation pumping station. At present both plants have been in activity for about 3 years and with satisfactory results. Average concentrations of nitrogen (summer) and phosphorus is 7 mg/l and 0.9 mg/l respectively. Nitrogen removal seems to be a practical solution on these small plants. It is,though, sensitive to temperature and highly oxidized rain water. Phosphorus removal seems to be an easily run and relatively non-sensitive technique at least when using simultaneous precipitation.

NDBEPR PROCESS OPTIMIZATION IN SBRs: REDUCTION OF EXTERNAL CARBON-SOURCE AND OXYGEN SUPPLY

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Demuynck ◽  
Peter Vanrolleghem ◽  
Carine Mingneau ◽  
Jan Liessens ◽  
Willy Verstraete
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Numerical Optimization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Aeration Time ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

In SBR plants for nutrient removal it is often necessary to add supplementary rbCOD during the anoxic phase to obtain complete nitrogen removal. In addition to the aeration, this supply of high-quality BOD is a non-negligible part in the operating costs. Because of the complexity of the bighly interconnected biological processes a heuristic approach for process optimization is hardly possible. Therefore the Nitrification Denitrification Biological Excess Phosphorus Removal (NDBEPR) model of Wentzel et al. and a numerical optimization a1goritbm were used to optimize SBR time scheduling, i.e. minimize both effluent concentrations and operating costs. It was found that a sequence of short aerobic/anoxic phases appears to be better than the usual sequence (one aerobic phase followed by one anoxic phase). This result was validated on a 500 I scale SBR. The optimized process saves up to 50% on extra BOD supply and up to 30% on aeration time. Moreover, it was shown that these cost savings were not at the expense of the phosphorus removal efficiency or the nitrification rate. From an additional numerical optimization it was seen that the ideal SBR time scheduling may depend on the loading. Therefore. a control strategy hased on OUR and ORP measurements is proposed.

Phosphorus Release Kinetics in Biofilm Reactors

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 567-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Ruiz-Treviño ◽  
S. González-Martínez ◽  
C. Doria-Serrano ◽  
M. Hernández-Esparza
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Linear Behaviour ◽  
Substrate Concentrations

This paper presents the kinetic analysis, using Generalized Power-Law equations to describe the results of an experimental investigation conducted on a batch submerged biofilm reactor for phosphorus removal under an anaerobic/aerobic cycle. The observed rates and amounts of phosphorus release and organic substrate uptake in the anaerobic phase leads to a kinetic model in which these two variables are dependent on each other with a non-linear behaviour and reach equilibrium values in both cases, at different times and are function of rate constants ratio. The model has a good fit with experimental data except for C uptake at anaerobic contact times longer than four hours, where other kinetics are implied. Kinetic parameters were obtained with different initial substrate concentrations, anaerobic contact cycles, and type of substrates.

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