scholarly journals Organic Carbon and Other Elements in Suspended Solids in Surface Water and Relations between Total Organic Carbon and BOD etc. at the Rivers in Kawasaki.

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 902-908
Author(s):  
Hisao HAYASHI ◽  
Sanae YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Akemi MURAKAMI ◽  
Nobuaki YAMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Suspended Solids

scholarly journals Taguchi Method and Response Surface Methodology in the Treatment of Highly Contaminated Tannery Wastewater Using Commercial Potassium Ferrate

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 3784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violetta Kozik ◽  
Krzysztof Barbusinski ◽  
Maciej Thomas ◽  
Agnieszka Sroda ◽  
Josef Jampilek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Potassium Ferrate

The potential implementation of Envifer®, a commercial product containing potassium ferrate (40.1% K2FeO4), for the purification of highly contaminated tannery wastewater from leather dyeing processes was proposed. The employment of the Taguchi method for optimization of experiments allowed the discoloration (98.4%), chemical oxygen demand (77.2%), total organic carbon (75.7%), and suspended solids (96.9%) values to be lowered using 1.200 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 3 within 9 min. The application of the central composite design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM) with the use of 1.400 g/L K2FeO4 at pH 4.5 diminished the discoloration, the chemical oxygen demand, the total organic carbon, and suspended solids within 9 min. The Taguchi method is suitable for the initial implementation, while the RSM is superior for the extended optimization of wastewater treatment processes.

scholarly journals Concentration of Total Organic Carbon and Its Fractions in Surface Water in Poland and Germany

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Patrycja Sobczak ◽  
Agata Rosińska
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Biodegradable Dissolved Organic Carbon

Total organic carbon (TOC) present in surface water consists of different fractions like dissolved organic carbon (DOC) or biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC). BDOC may have an impact on the bacteriological quality of water as it can be a source of carbon and energy for microorganisms. It is important to consider this parameter in case of the distribution of drinking water. The aim of this research was to compare the qualities of chosen surface water in Poland and Germany in terms of concentration of total organic carbon and its fractions. The samples were taken from the reservoir in Poland and Rhine River in Germany. The first one is a source of drinking water for humans. The research showed that, considering the analyzed compounds, the water from the river has better quality.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI BAGIAN HILIR DITINJAU DARI KARAKTERISTIK FISIKA-KIMIA DAN STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS MAKROZOOBENTHOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Husnah Husnah ◽  
Eko Prianto ◽  
Siti Nurul Aida
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Musi River

Sungai Musi merupakan sungai besar mengaliri wilayah Sumatera Selatan, Lampung, dan Bengkulu , dan bervariasi dalam pemanfaatannya, khususnya di bagian hilir, didominasi oleh kegiatan industri yang membuang limbahnya ke Sungai Musi. Kajian pengaruh industri terhadap Sungai Musi telah dilakukan, namun sebatas analisis fisik dan kimia lingkungan dan belum mengarah kepada pengaruhnya terhadap organisme air. Organisme air adalah indikator penting perubahan lingkungan karena organisme khususnya organisme dasar (benthos) menyimpan sejarah proses-proses terjadi di perairan. Riset yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas perairan Sungai Musi bagian hilir ditinjau dari karakteristik fisik dan kimia dan struktur makrozoobenthos telah dilakukan di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan pada bulan Mei dan September 2006. Riset dilakukan bersifat survei lapangan. Delapan stasiun ditentukan di Sungai Musi bagian hilir berdasarkan pada perbedaan mikrohabitat. Stasiun riset masing masing antara lain Sejagung, Pulokerto, Jembatan Ampera, Sebokor, Pulau Burung, Upang, Pulau Payung, dan Sungsang. Pada masing masing stasiun, dilakukan pengambilan contoh air untuk parameter fisika, kimia, dan makrobenthos. Contoh air diambil dari atas perahu motor pada kedalaman 1,0 m dari permukaan air dengan menggunakan kemmerer water sampler. Sebagian contoh dianalisis di lapangan (suhu, pH, dan oksigen terlarut) dan sebagian lagi yaitu jumlah padatan tersesuspensi (total suspended solids), jumlah padatan terlarut (total dissolved solids), jumlah karbon organik (total organic carbon), organik karbon terlarut (dissolved organic carbon), konsumsi oksigen biologi (biochemical oxygen demand), nitrat, dan fosfat dianalisis di laboratorium kimia. Contoh makrozoobenthos diambil pada 10 titik di masing-masing stasiun, dengan menggunakan ekman dredge dengan bukaan mulut 400 cm2. Contoh makrobenthos pada masingmasing titik tersebut disortir dengan menggunakan saringan dan kemudian digabungkan (dikomposit) dan diawetkan dengan formalin 10%. Data kualitas air dianalisis dengan principle component analysis dan kelimpahan makrozoobenthos dianalisis dengan analisis cluster. Kualitas perairan di Sungai Musi bagian hilir dikelompokkan atas 2 yang mengalami tekanan berat yaitu dari Sejagung sampai dengan Pulau Burung dan tekanan ringan yaitu dari Upang sampai dengan Muara Sungai Musi. Kelompok pertama dicirikan oleh nilai konsentrasi total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, dan dissolved organic carbon yang tinggi diiringi dengan kelimpahan makrozoobenhthos yang rendah serta didominasi oleh Tubifex sp. Kelompok ke-2 dari Upang sampai dengan Muara Sungai Musi dicirikan oleh nilai konsentrasi total suspended solids yang tinggi, dengan kelimpahan makrozoobenthos yang tinggi dan didominasi oleh Gammarus. Musi River is a large river , crossing three provinces, South Sumatra, Lampung and Bengkulu, and differeing in types and levels of its resources ultization, particularly at the down stream of Musi River, mostly dominated by industries activities producing a waste which flows to the river. Several studies on the effect of industries on the Musi River have been conducted , however , limmieted on physical dan chemical aspects of the water, not yet to evaluate its effect on aquatic organism. Aquatic organism such macrozoobenthos is important indicator of environmental changes since this organism records the history of processes occurred in the water. Study to assess water quality of the down stream Musi River based on physical, chemical water characteristics and macrozoobenthos community structure was conducted at may and september 2006 in Musi River located in South Sumatera Province of Indonesia. The study used inventory field survey. Eight sampling sites; Sejagung, Pulokerto, Jembatan Ampera, Sebokor, Pulau Burung, Upang, Pulau Payung, and Sungsang were selected based on the microhabitat difference. water sampling for physical and chemical parameters and sediment, and  macrozoobenthos were carried in each sampling site. Water sample was collected at a depth of 1.0 m from the water surface by using kemmerer water sampler. Some water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen) were directly analyzed in the field, while the others such as total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate were analyzed in laboratory. Macrozoobenthos was collected at ten sampling points in each sampling sites using Ekman Dredge of 400 cm2 mouth opening. Macrozoobenthos from ten sampling points was composited, sorted and preserved with formalin 10%. Water quality parameters were analyzed with principle component analysis while macrozoobenthos abundance was analyzed with cluster. Results revealed that water quality at the down stream Musi River was classified into two groups. The first group was the heavy degraded sites from Sejagung to Pulau Burung, characterized by having high concentration of total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon, low abundance of macrozoobenthos with Tubifex sp. as the dominant species. The second group was light degraded sites from Upang to the mouth of Musi River, characterized by high concentration of total suspended solids and high macrozoobenthos abundance with Gammarus sp. as the dominant species.

Humus transformation at the bank filtration water plant

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. T. Miettinen ◽  
P. J. Martikainen ◽  
T. Vartiainen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Water Plant

Transformations in the amount and quality of organic matter (humus) during bank filtration of surface water were studied by analyzing the changes in total organic carbon (TOC), non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), color of water, and UV absorbing humus fractions. The amount of organic matter expressed as TOC, NPOC, and COD depended on temperature and filtration distance from lake water. The color of water and the UV absorbing humus peaks presenting different humus molecule fractions decreased more effectively than other parameters measuring the amount of organic matter in water. The ratio of COD to TOC decreased when the filtration distance of water increased. Our observations indicated that bank filtration of humus-rich lake water changed more the quality of organic matter than its total amount.

scholarly journals A Novel Procedure of Total Organic Carbon Analysis for Water Samples Containing Suspended Solids with Alkaline Extraction and Homogeneity Evaluation by Turbidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3901
Author(s):  
Han-Saem Lee ◽  
Jin Hur ◽  
Yu-Hoon Hwang ◽  
Hyun-Sang Shin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Particulate Pollutants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sample Homogeneity

This study was conducted to develop and validate a more reliable total organic carbon (TOC) analytical procedure for water samples containing suspended solids (SS). The effects of the combined ultrasonic and alkaline pretreatment (CULA) on the TOC measurement were studied in water samples containing SS from three origins (algae, sewage particles, and soil) under different analytical conditions (SS concentration, oxidation methods, and sieve size). The applicability of turbidity as a homogeneity index was also evaluated. With CULA, TOC recovery remained high (>80%) for SS concentration ranges up to four times larger than ultrasonic pretreatment alone (UL) due to enhanced particulate organic carbon (POC) solubilization, and did not significantly differ depending on the oxidation methods, at low SS concentrations, or with varying sieve sizes. In particular, the turbidity change rate (i.e., NTU5/NTU0) of the pretreated water sample showed a high correlation with TOC precision (r2 = 0.73, p < 0.01), which suggests that turbidity can be used as an indicator of sample homogeneity. A novel TOC analytical procedure is expected to be useful for more accurate assessments of the impact of particulate pollutants on water quality than current methods, and for the analysis of the carbon cycle, including POCs, in the environment.

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