scholarly journals Morphological, Physiological and Genetic Characteristics of Populations of the Main Plague Host Rhombomys opimus Licht., 1823 in the Central Asian Desert Natural Focus of Plague

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
S. T. Nurtazin ◽  
A. B. Shevtsov ◽  
V. B. Lutsa ◽  
E. M. Ramankulov ◽  
Z. Z. Sayakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Great Gerbil ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Large Clusters

Revealed by morphological characters, physiological status, and genetic diversity of populations of the main plague host Rhombomys opimus Licht., 1823 in Central Asia desert natural focus is described.Differences in the skull parameters of R. opimus from different populations were revealed. It’s shown that gerbils from Moyunkum are separate autonomous populations group. Samples from Moyunkum and Mangyshlak differed from other samples. In Balkhash-Alakol depression found two regional complexes: Pre-Balkhash and Dzungarian.Study results of free amino acids level in R. opimus blood serum obtained by gas-liquid chromatography of blood sera from animals captured in different zones of Central Asian focus gave statistically significant differences. To determine genetic variability in ecological and geographical isolation of R. opimus populations the DNA was genotyped.DNA samples analysis combined the studied gerbil from the desert focus into four clusters with eighteen haplotypes. R. opimus sequence analysis taking into account data from territories of Iran, Kazakhstan and China, clustered into three large clusters. First cluster combined the sequences of Kazakhstan and China samples, while great gerbil captured in Kazakhstan is located in a separate treasure. Second and third clusters include sequences of a great gerbil captured in Iran.

scholarly journals POPULATIONS OF THE MAJOR CARRIER RHOMBOMYS OPIMUS, VECTORS OF XENOPSYLLA FLEAS AND THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF YERSINIA PESTIS IN THE CENTRAL ASIAN DESERT NATURAL FOCUS OF PLAGUE

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
B. Atshabar ◽  
S.T. Nurtazhin ◽  
A. Shevtsov ◽  
E.M. Ramankulov ◽  
Z. Sayakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Great Gerbil ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Repertoire Diversity ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus ◽  
Major Carrier ◽  
Environmental Isolation

In the Central Asia desert natural focus of plague, the major carrier of the Yersinia pestis agent is the great gerbil Rhombomys opimus, and its vectors include fleas of the Xenopsylla genus. Phenotypical and genotypical properties of the R. opimus populations, Xenopsylla fleas and Yersinia pestis strains have been studied in the Central Asia desert natural focus of plague. Phenotypic distinctions and population discreteness have been identified in R. opimus on the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial genome from three autonomous plague foci: Pre-Balkhash, Betpakdala and Pre-Ustyurt. Phenotypic distinctions have been found in Xenopsylla fleas in the Central Asia desert natural focus of plague, and the genotype of X. gerbilli minax fleas on the Cox2 gene of the mitochondrial DNA; these had been captured in the Betpakdala autonomous focus. The repertoire diversity in phenotypical properties of Y. pestis strains from different natural foci of plague has been demonstrated, and population discreteness of Y. pestis strains has been determined using the next-generation sequencing method for single nucleotide polymorphism genes. Results of the study suggest that geographical and environmental isolation and natural selection have led to heterogeneity in the three populations of the great gerbil, vector fleas and Y. pestis.

scholarly journals Demarcation of the Boundaries of the Central Asian Desert Natural Focus of Plague of Kazakhstan and Monitoring the Areal of the Main Carrier, Rhombomys opimus

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Z. Zh. Abdel ◽  
T. K. Erubaev ◽  
G. Zh. Tokmurzieva ◽  
B. K. Aimakhanov ◽  
Zh. S. Dalibaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aral Sea ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Great Gerbil ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Rhombomys Opimus ◽  
The Republic

The aim of the study was to clarify the boundaries of the Central Asian natural plague focus of Kazakhstan and the modern boundaries of the areal of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) in order to improve epizootiological monitoring and increase the effectiveness of preventive (anti-epidemic) measures.Materials and methods. Data from the epizootiological monitoring of the great gerbil populations in 14 autonomous foci of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus in the Republic of Kazakhstan between 2010 and 2020 were used for the analysis. An epizootiologic survey of an area of 875350 km2 was carried out. When processing the data, epidemiological, epizootiological, statistical research methods, as well as GIS technologies were used.Results and discussion. An increase in the total area of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus of the Republic of Kazakhstan by 79710 km2 (9.98 %) has been established for the period of 1990–2020. It is noted that the change in the area of plague-enzootic territory was a consequence of the ever changing areal of the main carrier of plague pathogen – the great gerbil – under the influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors. The most significant changes were found in the southeastern part of the plague-enzootic territory, including those for the Betpakdala (50 %), Balkhash (34.3 %), Taukum (13.3 %) and Mojynkum (0.32 %) autonomous foci. The area of the Aryskum-Dariyalyktakyr autonomous focus decreased by 2100 km2 (4 %). In 2000–2002, new Alakol’sky and Ili intermountain autonomous foci with a total area of 26759 km2 were discovered. It is shown that due to the regression of the Aral Sea, the areal of the great girbil expanded and the area of the North Aral and Kyzylkum natural plague foci increased by 10500 km2 (29.2 %) and 560 km2 (0.4%), respectively. The areas of the Aral-Karakum and UralEmba desert autonomous foci, on the contrary, decreased by 2000 km2 (2.6 %) and 12300 km2 (17.6 %), respectively. Passportization and landscape-epizootiologic zoning of the territory of the Central Asian desert natural plague focus of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been completed. 

Diversity among different populations of a locally common rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace from north-western Indian Himalayas

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Pandey ◽  
I. S. Bisht ◽  
K. V. Bhat ◽  
P. S. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Environmental Adaptations ◽  
Farmer Management ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
On Farm

Genetic structure of five populations of a locally common rice (Oryza sativa L.) landrace Jaulia from parts of Uttarakhand state of India was studied using sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers. Of these, four populations were on-farm managed, assembled from different niche environments, and one population was conserved ex situ and represented static conservation. The 16 STMS primer pairs fully differentiated the inter- and intrapopulation diversity. A total of 72 alleles were recorded with a mean of 4.5 alleles per locus. Population wise, the total number of alleles ranged from 21 to 41, with maximum number of alleles for population IC 548358 and minimum number of alleles for population IC 100051 representing static conservation. A greater number of alleles specific to populations under farmer management could be recorded. Changes in yield parameters also seemed to be affected under farmer management besides other environmental adaptations for qualitative morphological characters. The marker diversity using STMS primer pairs indicates the genetic differentiation among populations resulting from joint effects of several evolutionary forces operating within the historical and biological context of the crop landrace. The variations in adaptations, on the other hand, indicate the degree to which populations are adapted to their environments and their potential for continued performance or as donors of characters in plant breeding. Both biotic and abiotic aspects of the environment are involved.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection and identification of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus – three closely related species within the xylophilus group

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1107-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Filipiak ◽  
Przemysław Wieczorek ◽  
Marek Tomalak
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simultaneous Identification

Differentiation between Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other related, non-pathogenic species can be ambiguous when based exclusively on morphological characters. The morphology of B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus most closely resembles that of B. xylophilus. Moreover, all of these nematodes are found in both Asia and Europe and can colonise various species of pine. Therefore, for phytosanitary purposes it is necessary to identify the three species precisely and rapidly. We report the results of a multiplex PCR that utilises four primers to identify and discriminate the three Bursaphelenchus species simultaneously. The multiplex PCR yielded DNA fragments of 767, 305 and 132 bp, for B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus and B. fraudulentus, respectively. This primer combination has produced reliable results in multiplex PCR assays with a number of different populations of the listed species, and no cross-reactions were observed with other Bursaphelenchus species. The described approach is simple, reliable and cheaper than other molecular methods presently used for simultaneous identification of the above three species within the xylophilus group.

scholarly journals Population genetic characteristics of horse chestnut in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Ocokoljic ◽  
Dragica Vilotic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Growth Phenotype ◽  
Population Genetic Parameters ◽  
Cultivated Populations

The general population genetic characteristics of cultivated horse chestnut trees excelling in growth, phenotype characteristics, type of inflorescence, productivity and resistance to the leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic were analyzed in Serbia. The analyzed population genetic parameters point to fundamental differences in the genetic structure among the cultivated populations in Serbia. The study shows the variability in all properties among the populations and inter-individual variability within the populations. The variability and differential characteristics were assessed using statistical parameters, taking into account the satisfactory reflection of the hereditary potential. The assessed differences in the vitality and evolution potential of different populations can determine the methods of horse chestnut gene pool collection, reconstruction and improvement.

A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
XIAO-FENG JIN ◽  
BING-YANG DING ◽  
YING-YING ZHOU ◽  
SHUI-HU JIN ◽  
WANG-WEI YANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Corolla Length ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Different Populations

In this paper, we present a revision of the Rhododenron taipaoense complex, including R. taipaoense and eight other named species, based on literature survey, field collections and observations, inspection of herbarium specimens, statistical analysis of morphological characters, and SEM observation of seed shape and testa. We evaluated all characters that have previously been used to diagnose these species: indumentum of young shoots and abaxial surfaces of leaves; filament dimensions; style base; leaf color, size, and apex shape; flower number per inflorescence; corolla length; and length of the stamen and pistil. Cluster analysis of 146 individuals showed that individuals from different populations are interdigitated, irrespective of traditional taxonomic limits. Analysis of morphological data using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) likewise shows a continual gradation between populations, rather than disjunctures between named species. Consequently, only one species is recognized in the present paper, and R. apricum, R. falcinellum (R. apricum var. falcinellum), R. florulentum, R. hepticum, R. piceum, R. rufulum, R. spadiceum, and R. rufoindumentum (nom. nud.) are all reduced to synonyms of R. taipaoense.

scholarly journals The Lebanese COVID-19 Cohort; A Challenge for the ABO Blood Group System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Khalil ◽  
Rita Feghali ◽  
Mahmoud Hassoun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Abo Blood Group ◽  
Blood Group System ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Group System ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Control Study

A sudden outbreak of pneumonia caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly spread all over the world facilitating the declaration of the resultant disease as a pandemic on March 2020. Predisposing factors for acquiring COVID-19 and for developing a severe form of this disease were postulated to be related to the epidemiological, clinical, and genetic characteristics of the patients. Biological markers such as the ABO blood group system were amongst these factors that were proposed to be linked to the variability in the disease course and/or the prevalence of the infection among different groups. Herein, we conducted the first retrospective case-control study from the Middle East and North Africa that tackles the association between the blood group types and the susceptibility to, as well as the severity of, SARS-CoV-2 infection. Contrary to the most acknowledged hypothesis, our results challenged the significance of this association and questioned the role of the ABO blood group system in dictating the severity of this disease. For future similar studies, we endorsed analyzing larger cohorts among different populations and we encouraged implementing more rigorous approaches to diminish the potential confounding effect of some underlying comorbidities and genetic variants that are known to be associated with the ABO blood group system.

CHEMOSYSTEMATIC STUDIES IN THE GENUS PICEA (PINACEAE): II. THE LEAF OIL OF PICEA GLAUCA AND P. MARIANA

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1703-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Ecological Differences

The leaf oils from white and black spruce obtained from different locations in Western and Eastern Canada, Michigan, and Minnesota, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Both species were found to have a remarkably consistent and distinctive distribution pattern of the leaf oil terpenes. The quantitative variations encountered in samples of the same species from different populations are relatively small and ecological differences are not found to affect the leaf oil composition. Hence, analysis of spruce leaf oils appears to be highly suitable for a study of introgression and hybridization.

scholarly journals Gammarus Fossarum Koch, 1835: Redescription Based on Neotype Material and Notes on its Local Variation (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

1972 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Goedmakers
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Gammarus Fossarum ◽  
Different Populations

A redescription of Gammarus fossarum Koch, 1835, is given, together with some notes on the variability in morphological characters of this species, both within one population and in different populations. It is proved through crosses that five morphologically different populations all belong to the same species, G. fossarum. The geographic variation of the various characters is discussed.

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