scholarly journals Assessment of Toxic and Immunoadjuvant Properties of Nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
K. M. Korytov ◽  
V. I. Dubrovina ◽  
A. B. Pyatidesyatnikova ◽  
S. A. Vityazeva ◽  
V. V. Voitkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Introduction. The current direction in medicine is the creation of immunobiological preparations to increase the effectiveness of specific immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis, containing immunomodulators in their composition. These natural or synthetic substances can have a regulating effect on the immune system. At present, water-soluble organic-inorganic polymeric materials with nanoparticles of various chemical substances with bactericidal and immunomodulating properties can serve as such promising compounds.The aimof the work is to study the acute toxicity of polymer nanocomposites based on 1-vinil-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone with silver, gold and selenium nanoparticles and their effect on the functional state of immune system cells in vitro.Materials and methods.The study of acute toxicity was performed on outbred white mice. The activity of superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were studied in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. The study of spontaneous and nanocomposite-induced production of pro- (interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and anti-inflammatory (interleukin-4) cytokines by blood cells was carried out using clinical material obtained from volunteers using the ELISA method. Results. It has been established that nanocomposites with silver and gold nanoparticles do not cause the death of white mice, their temperature increase and body weight decrease. The average lethal dose for a nanocomposite with selenium nanoparticles was determined as 1 gram per 1 kilogram of animal mass. It was shown that the tested nanocomposites have a stimulating effect on the production of cytokines by human blood cells in vitro. It was established that a nanocomposite with selenium nanoparticles increases the activity of superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. A comparative analysis of their actions with the actions of commercial preparations of biological origin, with immunomodulatory properties.Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to substantiate the need for further research on the effects of nanocomposites based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole copolymer with N-vinylpyrrolidone with silver, gold and selenium nanoparticles on the macroorganism in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Chemosensitizing Activity of Histone Deacetylases Inhibitory Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids for Combination Chemotherapy of Lymphatic Leukemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V. Mishchenko ◽  
Margarita E. Neganova ◽  
Elena N. Klimanova ◽  
Tatyana E. Sashenkova ◽  
Sergey G. Klochkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Hybrid Male ◽  
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids

Background: Anti-tumor effect of hydroxamic acid derivatives is largely connected with its properties as efficient inhibitors of histone deacetylases, and other metalloenzymes involved in carcinogenesis. Objective: The work was aimed to (i) determine the anti-tumor and chemosensitizing activity of the novel racemic spirocyclic hydroxamic acids using experimental drug sensitive leukemia P388 of mice, and (ii) determine the structure-activity relationships as metal chelating and HDAC inhibitory agents. Method: Outbreed male rat of 200-220 g weights were used in biochemical experiments. In vivo experiments were performed using the BDF1 hybrid male mice of 22-24 g weight. Lipid peroxidation, Fe (II) -chelating activity, HDAC fluorescent activity, anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activity, acute toxicity techniques were used in this study. Results: Chemosensitizing properties of water soluble cyclic hydroxamic acids (CHA) are evaluated using in vitro activities and in vivo methods and found significant results. These compounds possess iron (II) chelating properties, and slightly inhibit lipid peroxidation. CHA prepared from triacetonamine (1a-e) are more effective Fe (II) ions cheaters, as compared to CHA prepared from 1- methylpiperidone (2a-e). The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity, lipophilicity and acute toxicity were influenced by the length amino acids (size) (Glycine < Alanine < Valine < Leucine < Phenylalanine). All compounds bearing spiro-N-methylpiperidine ring (2a-e) are non-toxic up to 1250 mg/kg dose, while compounds bearing spiro-tetramethylpiperidine ring (1a-e) exhibit moderate toxicity which increases with increasing lipophility, but not excite at 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: It was shown that the use of combination of non-toxic doses of cisplatin (cPt) or cyclophosphamide with CHA in most cases result in the appearance of a considerable anti-tumor effect of cytostatics. The highest chemosensitizing activity with respect to leukemia Р388 is demonstrated by the CHA derivatives of Valine 1c or 2c.

scholarly journals The activity of superoxide-dismutase in animal cell culture CHO-K1 after treatment with fullerenol and mytomicine C

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visnja Bogdanovic ◽  
Marija Slavic ◽  
Jasminka Mrdjanovic ◽  
Slavica Solajic ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Animal Cell ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Sod Activity

Eukaryotic cell survives in predominantly reduced conditions. Homeostasis of cellular redox system is an imperative of cell surviving and its normal metabolism. ROS are well recognized for playing a dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems. These species are mutagenic compounds known to lead to DNA damage, favor cell transformation, and contribute to the development of a variety of malignant diseases. All the effects of oxidants are influenced by the cellular antioxidant defenses. This multilayer system consists of low molecular weight components and several antioxidant enzymes. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the only enzymes dismuting superoxide radicals. Mitomycin C, a cross-linking agent, demonstrated genotoxicity in all in vitro and in vivo test systems in mammalian cells and animals. Water-soluble fullerenes are well known as cytotoxic agents for many cell lines in vitro. At the other side, fullerenols are good free radical scavengers and antioxidants both in vitro and in vivo. This paper investigates the effects of fullerenol on survival and fullerenol/ /mytomicine (MMC) treatment on superoxide-dismutase (SOD) activity in CHO-K1 cells. Samples were treated 3 and 24 h with fullerenol (C60(OH)24) at concentration range 0.01-0.5 mg/mL and survival was monitored with dye exclusion test (DET). The activity of total SOD was estimated in samples treated with chosen concentrations of fullerenol and MMC (0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL) after 3 and 24 h of cell incubation. Increasing of C60(OH)24 concentration leads to decreasing of percent of surviving cells 3 and 24 h after incubation. The activity of total SOD enhanced with higher concentration of fullerenol, while decreased in the highest concentration at both experimental points. In samples treated with MMC, as well as in samples treated with fullerenol (0.0625 mg/mL) + MMC was noticed boost in total SOD activity in comparison with controls. Treatment with fullerenol decreased SOD activity in rest of samples treated with MMC. Decreased activity of superoxide-dismutase in almost all samples treated with fullerenol and MMC might be contributed to antioxidative properties of fullerenol. Increased enzyme level at concentration of 0.0625 mg/mL may be due to its prooxidative activity.

Evaluation of Citrinin Toxicity on the Immune Functions of Mice1

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. REDDY ◽  
M. J. TAYLOR ◽  
R. P. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Fungal Metabolite ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Splenic Cells ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction

Citrinin, a nephrotoxic fungal metabolite produced by several species of Penicillium and Aspergillus, has been found to contaminate foods used by humans and animals. The present study investigated potential effects of this compound on the immune system. Male CD-1 mice received 0, 0.12, 0.6 or 3.0 mg of citrinin/kg i.p. every other day for 2–4 weeks. Food consumption and body or organ weights were not affected but kidneys were enlarged. Splenic cells from mice exposed to citrinin for 2 or 4 weeks were cultured with or without the mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), pokewecd mitogen (PWM) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exposure to citrinin stimulated splenic lymphocyte proliferation. Antibody production by splenic cells in animals sensitized to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) increased in the two highest dose groups. Delayed hypersensitivity reaction, measured as a foot-pad swelling, in response to SRBC sensitization and subsequent challenge were not affected by citrinin treatment. In vitro addition of citrinin (&gt;1 × 10−5M) to splenic lymphocytes was cytotoxic. These findings suggest that citrinin mildly stimulates the immune system but does not have consistent immunotoxic effects at the doses tested.

scholarly journals Electrodeformation of White Blood Cells Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas G. Hallfors ◽  
Jeremy M. Teo ◽  
Peter Bertone ◽  
Chakra Joshi ◽  
Ajymurat Orozaliev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Microelectrode Array ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Insight Into

The elasticity of white blood cells (WBCs) provides valuable insight into the condition of the cells themselves, the presence of some diseases, as well as immune system activity. In this work, we describe a novel process of refined control of WBCs elasticity through a combined use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the microelectrode array device. The capture and controlled deformation of gold nanoparticles enriched white blood cells in vitro are demonstrated and quantified. Gold nanoparticles enhance the effect of electrically induced deformation and make the DEP related processes more controllable.

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Bark Aqueous Extract in Mice Infected by Plasmodium berghei

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mariscal Brice Tchatat Tali ◽  
Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna ◽  
Lauve Rachel Yamthe Tchokouaha ◽  
Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽  
Jaures Marius Tsakem Nangap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract

Background. Terminalia mantaly is used in Cameroon traditional medicine to treat malaria and related symptoms. However, its antiplasmodial efficacy is still to be established. Objectives. The present study is aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and the oral acute toxicity of the Terminalia mantaly extracts. Materials and Methods. Extracts were prepared from leaves and stem bark of T. mantaly, by maceration in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane (DCM), and hexane. All extracts were initially screened in vitro against the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 of P. falciparum to confirm its in vitro activity, and the most potent one was assessed in malaria mouse model at three concentrations (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/bw). Biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters were also determined. Results. Overall, 7 extracts showed in vitro antiplasmodial activity with IC50 ranging from 0.809 μg/mL to 5.886 μg/mL. The aqueous extract from the stem bark of T. mantaly (Tmsbw) was the most potent (IC50=0.809 μg/mL) and was further assessed for acute toxicity and efficacy in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Tmsbw was safe in mice with a median lethal dose (LD50) higher than 2000 mg/kg of body weight. It also exerted a good antimalarial efficacy in vivo with ED50 of 69.50 mg/kg and had no significant effect on biochemical, hematological, and histological parameters. Conclusion. The results suggest that the stem bark extract of T. mantaly possesses antimalarial activity.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase inhibitory activities, functional properties, and safety of green tea polysaccharides as a potential source of dietary supplement

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
Ayse Karadag ◽  
Kubra Dogan ◽  
Ebru Pelvan ◽  
Arzu Tas ◽  
Ozlem Atli Eklioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Tea Polysaccharides ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Procuring valuable bioactive compounds from low quality green tea is of great interest. Green tea polysaccharides (GTPS), obtained from low quality tea leaves, were examined for their yield, monosaccharide composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant potential, and structures as well as molecular weight distribution and in vitro anti-diabetic activities. GTPS were also evaluated for their toxicity by performing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Additionally, 50% lethal dose (LD50) for GTPS was determined using an acute toxicity test to assess the safe use of it as a dietary supplement. Monosaccharides of GTPS were mainly composed of xylose, glucose, ribose, galactose, arabinose, and glucuronic acid. GTPS exhibited 91.86% α-glucosidase inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL concentration. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of GTPS was higher than that of pharmacological glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, which exhibited only 47.86% inhibition at 2.5 mg/mL concentration. Neither cytotoxic nor no mutagenic effects were found for GTPS. The acute toxicity also showed that LD50 of GTPS was greater than 5,000 mg/kg. The present work suggests that GTPS can be considered as an anti-diabetic dietary supplement without posing any potential health risk.

The serum complement system: a simplified laboratory exercise to measure the activity of an important component of the immune system

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan E. Inglis ◽  
Kimberly A. Radziwon ◽  
Gregory D. Maniero
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Complement ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
Laboratory Exercise ◽  
System A ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Dissolved Components

The immune system is a vital physiological component that affords animals protection from disease and is composed of innate and adaptive mechanisms that rely on cellular and dissolved components. The serum complement system is a series of dissolved proteins that protect against a variety of pathogens. The activity of complement in serum can be determined by its ability to lyse red blood cells in vitro. Here, we describe a modification of a standard complement hemolysis assay that makes an interesting and informative laboratory exercise suitable for a variety of courses including physiology.

Infiluence of Lindane and Paraquat on Oxidative Stress-Related Parameters of Erythrocytes In Vitro

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso C.D. Bainy ◽  
Marcia A.S. Silva ◽  
Mariza Kogake ◽  
Luis A. Videlal ◽  
V.B.C. Junqueira
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Oxidant Status

1 The influence of lindane and paraquat on oxidative stress-related parameters of the red blood cell was studied in vitro. 2 Lindane addition did not modify either the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen uptake of the erythrocytes and the induction time preceding it, or the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in conditions of comparable levels of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin. 3 Red blood cells exposed to paraquat exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease in the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen consumption and increments in either the induction period or in the activity of catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with no changes in superoxide dismutase activity and a small decrement in that of glutathione peroxidase. 4 These data indicate that lindane does not interfere with the oxidant status of the erythrocyte, while paraquat addition leads to an increment in the anti-oxidant capacity of the red blood cell.

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