scholarly journals The synergy between Expanded Program on Immunization and Polio Eradication Initiative in Pakistan: a policy and program exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaeem Haq ◽  
Arshad K. Chandio ◽  
Shamsa Zafar ◽  
Faisal Iqbal ◽  
Ayesha Naeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization

scholarly journals The path towards polio eradication over 40 years of the Expanded Program on Immunization in the Americas

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristina Pedreira ◽  
Elizabeth Thrush ◽  
Gloria Rey-Benito ◽  
Ana Elena Chévez ◽  
Barbara Jauregui
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization ◽  
Over 40 Years

This article synthesizes the important lessons learned from polio eradication in the Region of the Americas, including initial and more recent challenges and best practices, as well as particular factors surrounding attainment of this ambitious goal. Using documents, interviews, and country surveys, the authors describe and analyze the strategies and lessons learned during the 40 years of the Expanded Program on Immunization (1977 – 2017). Some major milestones and chxallenges specifically covered are: the Vaccine-derived Poliovirus (VDPV) outbreak in the Dominican Republic; the regional “mop-up operation;” poliovirus containment in essential facilities; the unprecedented introduction of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV); the synchronized switch from trivalent to bivalent OPV; and the countries’ unfailing commitment to the cause.

Polio eradication faces unforeseen hurdle

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
MITCHEL L. ZOLER
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication

Towards Polio Eradication in Nigeria: Identifying at Risk Population for Low Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Uptake

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 389A-389A
Author(s):  
Oluyemisi O. Falope ◽  
Korede K. Adegoke ◽  
Chukwudi O. Ejiofor ◽  
Nnadozie C. Emechebe ◽  
Taiwo O Talabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Polio Vaccine

Critical Review of Data Analytics techniques used in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Qazi ◽  
Muhammad Usman
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization

Background: Immunization is a significant public health intervention to reduce child mortality and morbidity. However, its coverage, in spite of free accessibility, is still very low in developing countries. One of the primary reasons for this low coverage is the lack of analysis and proper utilization of immunization data at various healthcare facilities. Purpose: In this paper, the existing machine learning based data analytics techniques have been reviewed critically to highlight the gaps where this high potential data could be exploited in a meaningful manner. Results: It has been revealed from our review, that the existing approaches use data analytics techniques without considering the complete complexity of Expanded Program on Immunization which includes the maintenance of cold chain systems, proper distribution of vaccine and quality of data captured at various healthcare facilities. Moreover, in developing countries, there is no centralized data repository where all data related to immunization is being gathered to perform analytics at various levels of granularities. Conclusion: We believe that the existing non-centralized immunization data with the right set of machine learning and Artificial Intelligence based techniques will not only improve the vaccination coverage but will also help in predicting the future trends and patterns of its coverage at different geographical locations.

scholarly journals Poliovirus excretion among children with primary immune deficiency in Pakistan: a pilot surveillance study protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e045904
Author(s):  
Asma Sadruddin Pethani ◽  
Zaubina Kazi ◽  
Ujala Nayyar ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq-ur-Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Yousafzai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Paralytic Poliomyelitis ◽  
Primary Immune Deficiency ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Poster Presentations ◽  
Study Context

IntroductionChildren with primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) are more susceptible to developing viral infections and are at a substantially increased risk of developing paralytic poliomyelitis. Such children, if given oral polio vaccines tend to excrete poliovirus chronically that may lead to the propagation of highly divergent vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV). Consequently, they may act as a reservoir for the community by introducing an altered virus potentially imposing a risk to global polio eradication. However, the risks of chronic and prolonged excretion are not well characterised in the study context. This study seeks to establish a pilot surveillance system for successful identification and monitoring of VDPV excretion among children with PID. It will assess whether the Jeffrey Modell warning signs of PID can be used as an appropriate screening tool for PID in Pakistan.Methods and analysisIn this pilot surveillance, recruitment of PID cases is currently done at participating hospitals in Pakistan. Potential children are screened and tested against the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF) warning signs for immunodeficiency and their stool is collected to test for poliovirus excretion. Cases excreting poliovirus are followed until the two consecutive negative stool samples are obtained over a period of 6 months. The data will be analysed to calculate hospital-based proportions of total Immunodeficiency-related vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPV) cases over a 2-year period and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the JMF signs.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and approved by the WHO (WHO Reference-2018/811124-0), Aga Khan University (AKU ERC-2018-0380-1029) and National Bioethics Committee (Ref No. 4-87 NBC-308-Y2). The results will be published in an open access peer-reviewed scientific journal and presented to the iVDPV Working Group members, policy-makers, paediatric consultants and fellow researchers with the same domain interest. It may be presented in scientific conferences and seminars in the form of oral or poster presentations.

scholarly journals Some lessons for malaria from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matiana González-Silva ◽  
N. Regina Rabinovich
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eradication Campaign ◽  
Global Polio Eradication Initiative ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Malaria Eradication ◽  
Near Future

AbstractThe Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) was launched in 1988 with the aim of completely clearing wild polio viruses by 2000. More than three decades later, the goal has not been achieved, although spectacular advances have been made, with wild polio virus reported in only 2 countries in 2019. In spite of such progress, novel challenges have been added to the equation, most importantly outbreaks of vaccine-derived polio cases resulting from reversion to neurovirulence of attenuated vaccine virus, and insufficient coverage of vaccination. In the context of the latest discussions on malaria eradication, the GPEI experience provides more than a few lessons to the malaria field when considering a coordinated eradication campaign. The WHO Strategic Advisory Committee on Malaria Eradication (SAGme) stated in 2020 that in the context of more than 200 million malaria cases reported, eradication was far from reach in the near future and, therefore, efforts should remain focused on getting back on track to achieve the objectives set by the Global Technical Strategy against Malaria (2016–2030). Acknowledging the deep differences between both diseases and the stages they are in their path towards eradication, this paper draws from the history of GPEI and highlights relevant insights into what it takes to eradicate a pathogen in fields as varied as priority setting, global governance, strategy, community engagement, surveillance systems, and research. Above all, it shows the critical need for openness to change and adaptation as the biological, social and political contexts vary throughout the time an eradication campaign is ongoing.

scholarly journals Polio eradication and after

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
C.R. Madeley
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication
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