scholarly journals Entre la academia y el aula: La aparición de actores marginados en la Historia y su enseñanza

2016 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sixtina Pinochet Pinochet ◽  
Néstor Urrutia Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Curriculum History ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
De Se ◽  
Teaching Curriculum ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Way

ResumenIndudablemente, la historia tradicionalmente se ha construido desde la verticalidad: mientras que algunos son los grandes protagonistas, otros quedan marginados del análisis del pasado. Sin embargo, a la luz de los cambios dentro de la disciplina de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, se hizo patente la necesidad de aproximarse a aquellos actores históricamente marginados. El presente trabajo busca exponer el trato que se ha hecho de algunos de estos colectivos apartados en dos planos: la disciplina historiográfica (antes y ahora) y el currículo de enseñanza actual, de tal manera de poder apreciar cuál es la forma en la que son presentados y bajo qué parámetros.Between the academia and the classroom: The emergence of marginalized actors in history and their teachingsAbstractUndoubtedly, history has traditionally been built from the verticality; somehave a leading role while others are excluded from the analysis of the past.However, in light of changes within the discipline of the second half of the Twentieth Century, the need to approach those historically marginalized actorsbecame evident. This paper seeks to expose the treatment given to some ofthese collectives on two levels: the historiographical discipline (then and now)and the current teaching curriculum, in order to appreciate what is the way they are presented and under what parameters.Keywords: marginalized, historiography, curriculum, history teachingEntre a acadêmia e a sala de aula: O surgimento de atoresmarginalizados na história e seu ensinoResumoSem dúvida, a história tem sido tradicionalmente construída a partir da verticalidade, enquanto alguns são os grandes protagonistas, outros são excluídosda análise do passado. No entanto, à luz das mudanças dentro da disciplina da segunda metade do século XX, tornou-se evidente a necessidade de se aproximar a esses atores historicamente marginalizados. Este trabalho procuraex por o trato que se tem feito de alguns destes coletivos diferenciados em dois níveis: a disciplina historiográfica (então e agora) e o currículo do ensino atual, com a finalidade de apreciar qual é a forma em que são apresentados e sobe que parâmetros.Palavras-chave: marginalizados, historiografia, currículo, ensino da história.

scholarly journals La vinculación entre geopolítica y seguridad: algunas apreciaciones conceptuales y teóricas/ The link between geopolitics and security: a conceptual and theoretical assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Lester Martin Cabrera Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
The Way

El presente artículo establece una discusión teórica sobre la vinculación que existe entre la geopolítica y la seguridad. En este sentido, la discusión se aprecia desde un punto de vista en torno a la evolución que ha tenido la relación entre geopolítica y seguridad, particularmente sobre la forma en que se comprenden tanto los procesos conflictivos y los actores que se ven involucrados. Así, se establece la vinculación desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, donde se percibe la necesidad de comprender tanto a la geopolítica como a la seguridad desde otros puntos de vista en los que incluso sus elementos básicos se ven cuestionados. Se concluye que se requiere una comprensión holística de ambas perspectivas para entender y explicar los nuevos fenómenos conflictivos, sin descartar la totalidad de los postulados clásicos. ABSTRACTThe present article seeks to establish a theoretical discussion about the link between geopolitics and security. In this sense, the discussion is seen from a point of view on the evolution of the relationship between geopolitics and security, particularly on the way in which both conflicting processes and the actors involved are understood. Thus, it is established the linkage from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, where it is perceived the need to understand both geopolitics and security from other points of view, in which even its basic elements are questioned. It concludes that a holistic understanding of both perspectives is required to understand and explain the new conflicting phenomena, without ruling out the totality of the classical postulates.

HISTÓRIA DE UM LEGADO: as etnografias de religiões de matrizes africanas no discurso patrimonial

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 187-208
Author(s):  
DESIRÉE TOZI ◽  
ANDRE LUIS NASCIMENTO DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
De Se ◽  
History Of ◽  
Find Projection ◽  
Siglo Xx

O presente ensaio, á  luz da influência de se pensar a ficcionalidade e cientificidade do discurso etnográfico, propõe-se a analisar como os pareceres e laudos antropológicos que instruá­ram os processos de tombamento de terreiros pelos Iphan, ao longo dos últimos 30 anos, reproduzem, como referência de ”verdade”, as etnografias produzidas sobre os candomblés baianos, na primeira metade do século XX. Defendemos a tese de que a ausência de um recorte mais preciso e de uma análise mais ficcional dessas obras tem produzido um modelo de terreiro de candomblé que não encontra projeção nos processos de tombamento de terreiros que ainda se encontram em aberto nessa instituição da salvaguarda do patrimônio cultural brasileiro. Como itinerário metodológico, inicialmente, realizaremos uma breve sá­ntese das etnografias que inspiraram a produção desses discursos patrimoniais ao longo do século vinte e, num segundo momento, analisaremos os documentos dos processos de tombamento já finalizados pelos Iphan.Palavras-chave:  Etnografia. Patrimônio. Terreiros.  HISTORY OF A LEGACY: the ethnographies of religions of African matrices in the patrimonial discourseAbstract: This essay proposes to, in light of the influence of thinking about the fictionality and scientificity of ethnographic discourse, analyze how the anthropological opinions and reports that instructed the processes of terreiros landmarking by IPHAN during the last 30 years, reproduce, as a reference of "truth", the ethnographies brought forth on the Bahian candomblés, throughout the first half of the 20th century. We defend the thesis that the absence of a more precise indenture and a more fictional analysis of these works have produced a model of candomblé terreiro that does not find projection in the processes of landmarking terreiros that are still existing in this institution in respect to safeguarding the patrimony cultural background. Initially, applying a methodological itinerary, a brief synthesis of the ethnographies that inspired the production of these patrimonial discourses throughout the twentieth century will be presented, and secondly, the documents of the processes of landmarking already finalized by IPHAN, will be analyzed.Keywords: Ethnography. Patrimony. Terreiros.  HISTORIA DE UN LEGADO:  las etnografá­as de religiones de matrices africanas en el discurso patrimonialResumen: El presente ensayo, a la luz de la influencia de pensar en la ficcionalidad y la cientificidad del discurso etnográfico, se propone analizar como los dictámenes y laudos antropológicos que instruyeron los procesos de oficialización de patrimonio a los terreiros por los Iphan, a lo largo de los últimos 30 años, reproducen, como referencia de ”verdad”, las etnografá­as producidas sobre los candomblés bahianos, en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Defendemos la tesis de que la ausencia de un recorte más preciso y de un análisis más ficcional de esas obras ha producido un modelo de terreiro de candomblé que no encuentra proyección en los procesos de oficialización de patrimonio a los terreros que aún se encuentran abiertos en esa institución de salvaguardia del patrimonio cultural brasileño. Como itinerario metodológico, primeramente, realizaremos una breve sá­ntesis de las etnografá­as que inspiraron la producción de esos discursos patrimoniales a lo largo del siglo veinte y, en un segundo momento, analizaremos los documentos de los procesos de oficialización ya finalizados por los Iphan.Palabras clave:  Etnografá­a. Equidad. Terreiros.  

scholarly journals El juego de apariencias y realidad en la tradición épico-burlesca de Don Quijote y An Ice Cream War

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Elices Agudo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Don Quijote ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Mock Epic ◽  
Heroic Narrative ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Way

Al igual que la parodia, con la que comparte multitud de similitudes, el género épico-burlesco se ha tildado frecuentemente de parasitario por su dependencia del texto original que es objeto de la parodia. Sin ser el caso de Don Quijote de la Mancha, quizá sea éste el más claro ejemplo de narrativa épica-burlesca. A lo largo del siglo XX, escritores como William Boyd han intentado rescatar este género mediante la incorporación de episodios que muestran ciertos paralelismos con este tipo de escritos. El objetivo de este trabajo será, pues, el de trazar un análisis comparativo entre dos de los episodios más significativos de la obra de Cervantes y de An Ice-Cream War (1982)- en los que se puede apreciar de qué manera ambos autores juegan con el contraste entre apariencias y realidad con el fin de parodiar y satirizar los valores y bases de la literatura épica clásica. Asimismo, se intentará profundizar en las estrategias retóricas de que se sirven Cervantes y Boyd para conseguir este efecto épico-burlesco.Palabras clave: Épica-burlesca, sátira, apariencias, realidadABSTRACTSimilarly to parody, the mock-heroic has been usually considered a parasitic genre due mostly to its dependence on the text that is object of its parodic deconstruction. It is precisely Don Quijote de la Mancha, one of the most universal literary accounts, the best example of mock-heroic narrative and a source of insurmountable studies and scholarship. Throughout the twentieth century, some authors have attempted to recuperate this tradition by means of introducing plots that evince certain parallelisms with respect to these early mock-epic works. The purpose of this paper will be, thus, to trace a comparative analysis between two of the most relevant episodes in Don Quijote and William BoydKs An Ice-Cream War -in which we can infer the way in which both authors manipulate the contrast between appearances and reality in order to satirise the foundations of classic epic literature. Also, I will attempt to analyse the rhetorical strategies both Cervantes and Boyd draw on in order to accomplish this mock-heroic effect.Key words: Mock-epic, satire, appearances, reality

‘Grey Dawn’ in the British Pacific: Race, Security and Colonial Sovereignty on the Eve of World War I

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse Tumblin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
World War ◽  
Building Projects ◽  
Cooperative Security ◽  
Strategic Defense ◽  
Racial Discourses ◽  
The Way

This article examines the way a group of colonies on the far reaches of British power – Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and India, dealt with the imperatives of their own security in the early twentieth century. Each of these evolved into Dominion status and then to sovereign statehood (India lastly and most thoroughly) over the first half of the twentieth century, and their sovereignties evolved amidst a number of related and often countervailing problems of self-defence and cooperative security strategy within the British Empire. The article examines how security – the abstracted political goods of military force – worked alongside race in the greater Pacific to build colonial sovereignties before the First World War. Its first section examines the internal-domestic dimension of sovereignty and its need to secure territory through the issue of imperial naval subsidies. A number of colonies paid subsidies to Britain to support the Royal Navy and thus to contribute in financial terms to their strategic defense. These subsidies provoked increasing opposition after the turn of the twentieth century, and the article exlpores why colonial actors of various types thought financial subsidies threatened their sovereignties in important ways. The second section of the article examines the external-diplomatic dimension of sovereignty by looking at the way colonial actors responded to the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. I argue that colonial actors deployed security as a logic that allowed them to pursue their own bids for sovereignty and autonomy, leverage racial discourses that shaped state-building projects, and ultimately to attempt to nudge the focus of the British Empire's grand strategy away from Europe and into Asia.

Breeding Better Babies in the Eugenic Garden City: ‘Municipal Darwinism’ and the (Anti)Cosmopolitan Utopia in the early Twentieth Century

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Currell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Garden City ◽  
New Town ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
National Body ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
The Way

Showing how ‘modernist cosmopolitanism’ coexisted with an anti-cosmopolitan municipal control this essay looks at the way utopian ideals about breeding better humans entered into new town and city planning in the early twentieth century. An experiment in eugenic garden city planning which took place in Strasbourg, France, in the 1920s provided a model for modern planning that was keenly observed by the international eugenics movement as well as city planners. The comparative approach taken in this essay shows that while core beliefs about degeneration and the importance of eugenics to improve the national ‘body’ were often transnational and cosmopolitan, attempts to implement eugenic beliefs on a practical level were shaped by national and regional circumstances that were on many levels anti-cosmopolitan. As a way of assuaging the tensions between the local and the global, as well as the traditional with the modern, this unique and now forgotten experiment in eugenic city planning aimed to show that both preservation and progress could succeed at the same time.

Poetic Trespass

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lital Levy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Prose Poetry ◽  
Old World ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Emile Habiby ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

A Palestinian-Israeli poet declares a new state whose language, “Homelandic,” is a combination of Arabic and Hebrew. A Jewish-Israeli author imagines a “language plague” that infects young Hebrew speakers with old world accents, and sends the narrator in search of his Arabic heritage. This book brings together such startling visions to offer the first in-depth study of the relationship between Hebrew and Arabic in the literature and culture of Israel/Palestine. More than that, the book presents a captivating portrait of the literary imagination's power to transgress political boundaries and transform ideas about language and belonging. Blending history and literature, the book traces the interwoven life of Arabic and Hebrew in Israel/Palestine from the turn of the twentieth century to the present, exposing the two languages' intimate entanglements in contemporary works of prose, poetry, film, and visual art by both Palestinian and Jewish citizens of Israel. In a context where intense political and social pressures work to identify Jews with Hebrew and Palestinians with Arabic, the book finds writers who have boldly crossed over this divide to create literature in the language of their “other,” as well as writers who bring the two languages into dialogue to rewrite them from within. Exploring such acts of poetic trespass, the book introduces new readings of canonical and lesser-known authors, including Emile Habiby, Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Anton Shammas, Saul Tchernichowsky, Samir Naqqash, Ronit Matalon, Salman Masalha, A. B. Yehoshua, and Almog Behar. By revealing uncommon visions of what it means to write in Arabic and Hebrew, the book will change the way we understand literature and culture in the shadow of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

Sed ubi Socrates currit? On the Gettier Problem before Gettier

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Hilpinen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
True Belief ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Gettier Problem ◽  
Current Belief ◽  
The Future ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Gettier Problem ◽  
The Way ◽  
Forward Looking

Medieval philosophers presented Gettier-type objections to the commonly accepted view of knowledge as firmly held true belief, and formulated additional conditions that meet the objections or analyzed knowledge in a way that is immune to the Gettier-type objections. The proposed conditions can be divided into two kinds: backward-looking conditions and forward-looking conditions. The former concern an inquirer’s current belief system and the way the inquirer acquired her beliefs, the latter refer to what the inquirer may come to learn in the future and how she can respond to objections. Some conditions of knowledge proposed in late nineteenth- and twentieth-century epistemology can be regarded as variants of the conditions put forward by medieval authors.

Why Phenomenology?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Present Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Existence Of God ◽  
Pure Intuition ◽  
The Way

This chapter sets out the rationale for adopting a phenomenological approach to the devout life literature. Distinguishing the present approach from versions of the phenomenology of religion dominant in mid-twentieth-century approaches to religion, an alternative model is found in Heidegger’s early lectures on Paul. These illustrate that alongside its striving to achieve a maximally pure intuition of its subject matter, phenomenology will also be necessarily interpretative and existential. Although phenomenology is limited to what shows itself and therefore cannot pass judgement on the existence of God, it can deal with God insofar as God appears within the activity and passivity of human existence. From Hegel onward, it has also shown itself open to seeing the self as twofold and thus more than a simple subjective agent, opening the way to an understanding of the self as essentially spiritual.

Shadow Sites

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Wizard Of Oz ◽  
The Way ◽  
John Piper

In mid-twentieth-century Britain, an archaeological vision of the British landscape reassured and enchanted a number of writers, artists, photographers, and film-makers. From John Piper, Eric Ravilious and Shell guide books, to photographs of bomb damage, aerial archaeology, and The Wizard of Oz, Kitty Hauser delves into these evocative interpretations and looks at how they affected the way the landscape was seen.

De Se Assertion

2018 ◽  
pp. 457-479
Author(s):  
Isidora Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
De Se ◽  
Essential Indexical ◽  
The Way

De se attitudes, that is, attitudes that we have about ourselves in a first-personal way, have long been recognized as interestingly different from other attitudes. However, speech acts and, in particular, assertions that we make about ourselves have barely begun to draw philosophers’ attention. This chapter discusses some recent proposals that aim to bridge the gap between the significance of the de se phenomena in thought and the way that we express those attitudes in language. Section 1 provides some background on the de se and the essential indexical. Section 2 surveys proposals that make use of centered contents in modeling assertion and communication. Section 3 discusses the main motivations for the idea that centered contents are not only the contents of de se attitudes but also of the corresponding assertions.

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