Haploid Induction in Multiplier Onion (Allium cepa var aggregatum) through in vitro Gynogenesis

Salinity is a major problem affecting crop production all over the world. Excessive soil salinity can reduce the productivity of many agricultural crops including many vegetables and spices. Onion is one of the most important spices in the Asiatic region which is now in high demand. The experiment was conducted to observe in vitro regeneration of onion (Allium cepa L.) under salt stress condition from September 2016 to July 2017. The experiment was conducted as two factorial (genotype and treatment) Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications for each treatment. Shoot tip segments of three genotypes namely Faridpuri, Taherpuri and Pusa red (Indian) were cultured in MS (Murashige and skoog, 1962) media supplemented with 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The genotype Faridpuri gave maximum salt tolerance upto 100 mM salinity level with 10.60 cm shoot length and 1.94 cm root length having the highest relative shoot and root growth. Pusa red was found to be salinity sensitive genotype which showing lowest shoot length of 7.03 cm and root length of 0.96 cm at 100 mM NaCl treatment. However, Taherpuri was tolerant up to 100 mM salinity level with 8.14 cm shoot length and 1.25 cm root length. Both the highest fresh weight of root (54.77 mg) and dry weight of root (41.36 mg) was from the genotype Faridpuri with 25 mM NaCl treatment. However, a convenient in vitro regeneration protocol of onion genotypes under different salinity level has been developed and the genotype Faridpuri can be used for further investigation in field condition to evaluate its performance at various salinity levels.

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Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant capacities of Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica using in vitro and in vivo models

10.53858/arocfn01014152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 41-52

Author(s):

Chioma E. Irozuru Irozuru ◽

Janet O. Olugbodi ◽

Uche Okuu Arunsi ◽

Olusola Ladeji

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Monodora Myristica

Background: Allium cepa, Allium sativum, and Monodora myristica are commonly sourced food condiments in every household in Nigeria. In the present study, we investigated the phytochemical compositions, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of these plants. Methods: The aqueous extracts from the A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica were evaluated for phytochemical composition using standard protocols while the antioxidant activities were evaluated using the reducing power assay. Forty-five (45) Male Wistar rats (weighing 185±10 g) were divided into five groups (n=9) and were orally administered with 100 mg/kg BW each of A. sativum, M. myristica, A. cepa, and ascorbic acid while the control group received 0.5 mL/kg BW distilled water alone. Animals (n=3) from each group were sacrificed after the 20th, 25th, and 30th days of oral administration. The blood and tissue samples were collected for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Result: Our results revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and terpenes in the plant extracts. A. sativum had the highest reducing power capacity followed by M. myristica and then A. cepa. The in vitro antioxidants activities demonstrated by the plant extracts were higher than that of ascorbic acid but less than butylated hydroxytoluene. In vivo antioxidant studies showed a marked increase (p<0.05) in the level of catalase with a concurrent decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of MDA and H2O2 in the liver and kidney of rats administered with aqueous extracts of the condiments compared to the normal control and ascorbic acid in the following order control < ascorbic acid < A. cepa < M. myristica < A. sativum. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we infer that the aqueous extracts of A. cepa, A. sativum, and M. myristica are rich in antioxidants and as a result could serve as promising novel functional foods and nutraceuticals

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Sodium cacodylate as antimitotic agent

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1988.032 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 329-340

Author(s):

Jadwiga A. Tarkowska

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Mitotic Spindle ◽

Sodium Cacodylate ◽

Antimitotic Agent ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Meristematic Cells ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

Root Meristematic Cells ◽

Dividing Cells

The effect of pure sodium cacodylate on dividing cells was studied. The root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. (the roots were squashed in acetoorcein) and endosperm cells of Haemanthus katherinae Bak. (in vitro observations) were used. Serious disturbances in karyokinesis and cytokinesis were found that led most often to the formation of polyploid or multinucleate (A. cepa) cells. These results point to damage of the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast. Careful use of cacodylate buffer in ultrastructural studies of microtubules is advised.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Mitotic Activity of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanolic Extract of Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark and Leaves) using Allium cepa Roots

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00711 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 4107-4110

Author(s):

Nishita Gogia ◽

Anandhi D ◽

Kanaga G ◽

Revathi K

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Mitotic Activity ◽

Mitotic Index ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Root Tips ◽

Antimitotic Activity ◽

Biological Potential ◽

Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

The scope of the present study was to evaluate the In-vitro biological potential of Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf). We investigated the effect of green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorata, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf) by studying anti-mitotic activity An attempt has been made to evaluate the anti-mitotic activity of silver nanoparticles using Allium cepa roots. The mitotic index of the root tips meristem was calculated and compared with the standard methotrexate. Antimitotic activity results shows the mitotic index was ranged from 30-40%. Green synthesized silver nanoparticles from Chromolaena odorato, Caesalpinia coriaria (Bark) and Caesalpinia coriaria (Leaf) possess significant anti-mitotic activity.

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The genotypic response towards haploid induction in Turkish onion (Allium cepa L.) germplasm

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48311964 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 1176-1184

Author(s):

Faika YARALI KARAKAN

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Haploid Induction ◽

Flower Buds ◽

Plant Survival ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Induction Rate ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Medium Flow

Haploid induction efficiency of unpollinated flower buds in twenty-six Turkish onion germplasm were determined on two media, Dunstan and Short medium (BDS) and Murashige and Skoog’s medium (MS). On BDS medium, 5850 flower buds were cultured and the induction rate was 2.10% and a plant survival percentage of 1.62% (2 plants). On MS medium, 5850 flower buds were cultured and 175 plantlets were induced; induction rate was 2.99% and plant survival percentage was 13.71% (24 plants). The highest number of plantlets was obtained from genotype Sanliurfa 2; 27 plantlets on BDS medium while 45 plantlets on MS medium. Flow cytometry confirmed that out of the twenty-six plants, 4 plants were haploid (15.38%), 2 mixoploid (7.69%), 18 (69.23%) diploid and 2 tetraploid (7.69%).

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In silico and in vitro approach of Allium cepa and isolated quercetin against MDR bacterial strains and Mycobacterium smegmatis

South African Journal of Botany ◽

10.1016/j.sajb.2019.04.019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. Sharma ◽

R. Rani ◽

M. Chaturvedi ◽

P. Rohilla ◽

J.P. Yadav

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽

In Silico ◽

Bacterial Strains

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Isolation and Identification of Fusarium spp., the Causal Agents of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot in Northeastern Israel

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9040069 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Ben Kalman ◽

Dekel Abraham ◽

Shaul Graph ◽

Rafael Perl-Treves ◽

Yael Meller Harel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Preventive Program ◽

Onion Bulbs ◽

Basal Rot

Over the past decade, there have been accumulating reports from farmers and field extension personnel on the increasing incidence and spread of onion (Allium cepa) bulb basal rot in northern Israel. The disease is caused mainly by Fusarium species. Rotting onion bulbs were sampled from fields in the Golan Heights in northeastern Israel during the summers of 2017 and 2018. Tissue from the sampled onion bulbs was used for the isolation and identification of the infecting fungal species using colony and microscopic morphology characterization. Final confirmation of the pathogens was performed with PCR amplification and sequencing using fungi-specific and Fusarium species-specific primers. Four Fusarium spp. isolates were identified in onion bulbs samples collected from the contaminated field: F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae, and two species less familiar as causative agents of this disease, F. acutatum and F. anthophilium. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these species subdivided into two populations, a northern group isolated from white (Riverside cv.) onion bulbs, and a southern group isolated from red (565/505 cv.) bulbs. Pathogenicity tests conducted with seedlings and bulbs under moist conditions proved that all species could cause the disease symptoms, but with different degrees of virulence. Inoculating seeds with spore suspensions of the four species, in vitro, significantly reduced seedlings’ germination rate, hypocotyl elongation, and fresh biomass. Mature onion bulbs infected with the fungal isolates produced typical rot symptoms 14 days post-inoculation, and the fungus from each infected bulb was re-isolated and identified to satisfy Koch’s postulates. The onion bulb assay also reflected the degree of sensitivity of different onion cultivars to the disease. This work is the first confirmed report of the direct and primary cause of Fusarium onion basal rot disease in northeastern Israel. These findings are a necessary step towards uncovering the mycoflora of the diseased onion plants and developing a preventive program that would reduce the disease damage.

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