scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Coconut Shell Waste for the Adsorption of Pb(II) Ions

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Yusuf Zaim Hakim ◽  
Yoki Yulizar ◽  
Adi Nurcahyo ◽  
Magun Surya
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

Numerous complex methods have been developed for the preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNT) such as laser vaporization, arc discharge, pyrolysis, and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). In this study, an environmentally friendly and convenient method called one-step water assisted (quenching) synthesis method was conducted from graphite flakes, which were taken from coconut shell wastes to produce carbon nanotubes. Chemical and physical structure of the carbon nanotubes were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Adsorption performance of heavy metals Pb(II) ions by CNTs has been evaluated using the stirring method, and the concentration of Pb(II) ions has been determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The adsorption conditions such as pH and contact time have been obtained. The results showed that carbon nanotubes were a bit successfully formed, in which the tubes distribution are scattered irregularly. The average tube diameter was 123 nm.  During the adsorption test, it was found that the adsorption was proportional to the contact time, in which the optimum contact time was 20 minutes. The optimum pH of Pb(II) ions absorption was 5 where the potential for Pb(II) ions absorption was 120 %. The results indicate the true potential of this green chemistry based method, and it opens the chance for possibility to produce carbon nanotubes at a larger scale.

scholarly journals Parameter Optimisation of Carbon Nanotubes Synthesis via Hexane Decomposition over Minerals Generated fromAnadara granosaShells as the Catalyst Support

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Hussein ◽  
S. A. Zakarya ◽  
S. H. Sarijo ◽  
Z. Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Total Iron ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Iron Loading ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Anadara Granosa

The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method using natural calcite fromAnadara granosashells as the metal catalyst support was studied. Hexane and iron (Fe) were used as the carbon precursor and the active component of the catalyst, respectively. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) was used to optimise the effect of total iron loading, the duration of reaction, and reaction temperature. The optimal conditions were total iron loading of 7.5%, a reaction time of 45 min, and a temperature of 850°C with a resulting carbon yield of 131.62%. Raman spectra, field-emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the CNTs were of the multiwalled type (MWNTs).

Carbon Nanotubes Grown with Non-Ferromagnetic Catalysts in Alcohol CVD

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Borowiak-Palen ◽  
A. Steplewska ◽  
A. Bachmatiuk ◽  
M.H. Rümmeli ◽  
R.K. Kalenczuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Iron Catalysts ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

In this contribution we present high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and Raman studies on the synthesis of carbon nanotubes using platinum supported on MgO in alcohol - chemical vapour deposition (A-CVD). For comparison copper and iron catalysts mixed with the same metal loading in MgO and the same process parameters in A-CVD have been tested. Our findings show that the choice of catalyst utilized under the same experimental conditions strongly influences the final morphology of the carbon nanostructures. Application of Pt/MgO in CVD results in doublewalled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Cu/MgO mixtures lead to the synthesis of copper filled multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cu-MWCNT) and iron capsules surrounded by multiwalled carbon shells (Fe-MWCS), respectively. Our findings indicate that the three discussed metals interact differently with the substrate leading to the formation of different sized catalyst particles. The analysis of the particles size in the catalyst precursors and in the final products is also described in this contribution.

Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapour Deposition of Camphor Oil over Ferrocene and Aluminum Isopropoxide Catalyst

2013 ◽  
Vol 667 ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Salifairus ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Vapour Deposition ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Aluminum Isopropoxide ◽  
Alumina Boat ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

The aim of this study is to engage a basic understanding of the information carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may yield when this CNTs is deposited on silicon substrate over ferrocene and aluminum isopropoxide catalyst. Several popular methods are used to produce high quality CNT such as chemical vapour deposition, arc discharge and others. Most promising method is, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), used to produce CNTs in this experiment. The carbon source and catalyst were placed at different alumina boat in furnace one (1). The silicon substrate was placed at the deposition furnace and range temperature from 700 oC to 900 oC. The G-band peaks of the CNTs appear at round 1580 cm-1 and D-band peaks appear at 1348 cm-1. Thermal analyses show the percentage of CNTs weight loss 75.12%, 86.39%, 86.54%, 87% and 92.3% respectively. FESEM images was observed to study the formation of the CNTs. The CNTs were successfully synthesized from the chemical vapour deposition method.

Inkjet Printing of Catalyst-Inks on Si Wafers and the Subsequent Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Chemical Vapour Deposition

2010 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mansoor ◽  
Ian Kinloch ◽  
Brian Derby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Vapour Deposition ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

The production of substrates coated with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in well-defined patterns is desirable for sensor applications. In the present work, nickel based catalytic inks were prepared and printed on silicon substrates using inkjet delivery. Subsequently, the substrates were subjected to calcination and chemical vapour deposition for the growth of aligned CNTs. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the CNTs. Various concentrations and formulations of ink preparations were studied to investigate the effect of these parameters on the growth and structure of the CNTs.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Purification of Carbon Nanotubes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Awais Rouf ◽  
Zahid Usman ◽  
Hafiz Tariq Masood ◽  
Abdul Mannan Majeed ◽  
Mudassira Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Synthesis Techniques ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

In this chapter, we will evaluate the synthesis and purification of carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical molecules that consists of graphene (rolled up of a single-layer carbon atom). A wide variety of synthesis techniques such as arc discharge synthesis, laser ablation of graphite/laser vaporization synthesis method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), high pressure carbon monoxide synthesis and flame synthesis techniques, have been implemented to grow single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for technological applications. All of the above methods exploit transition metals, like iron, cobalt, and nickel, as a catalyst. There are number of methods (filtering, chromatography and centrifugation) used to purify the carbon nanotubes, but the degree of purity remained questionable in these methods. In order to enhance the purification extent, alternate techniques such as Gas phase purification, Liquid phase purification and Purification by Intercalation are introduced. Here we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these purification routes. It will help researchers in selecting appropriate and effective method for synthesis and purification of carbon nanotubes.

CMOS Compatible Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes

2008 ◽  
Vol 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Uchino ◽  
Konstantinos N. Bourdakos ◽  
Gregory N. Ayre ◽  
Cornelis H. de Groot ◽  
Peter Ashburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

ABSTRACTA technique to synthesize high-quality single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on Ge Stranski-Krastanow dots has been developed. From transmission electron microscopy and Raman measurements, the grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are identified as SWNTs with diameters ranging from 1.6 to 2.1 nm. Extensive scanning electron microscopy and atomic force characterisation of the effect of each stage in the growth process is presented. Our hypothesis is that pre-treatment stages lead to the formation of Ge nanoparticles, which act as seeds for CNT growth. This technique demonstrates the ability to synthesize high-quality SWNTs without the need for a metal catalyst, using processes and equipment standard to a silicon foundry.

Tribological Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes as an Additive on Lithium Grease

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mohamed ◽  
T. A. Osman ◽  
A. Khattab ◽  
M. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Lithium Grease ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Boundary Film ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Worn Surface

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with 10 nm average diameter and 5 μm in length were synthesized by electric arc discharge. The morphology and structure of CNTs were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray powder diffraction. The tribological properties of CNTs as an additive on lithium grease were evaluated with a four ball tester. The results show that the grease with CNTs exhibit good performance in antiwear (AW) and decrease the wear scare diameter (WSD) about 63%, decrease friction reduction about 81.5%, and increase the extreme pressure (EP) properties and load carrying capacity about 52% with only 1% wt. of CNTs added to lithium grease. The action mechanism was estimated through analysis of the worn surface with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results indicate that a boundary film mainly composed of CNTs, Cr, iron oxide, and other organic compounds was formed on the worn surface during the friction process.

Influence Analysis of Sampling Time for Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes in the V-Type Pyrolysis Flame

2011 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chao Liu ◽  
Bao Min Sun ◽  
Zhao Yong Ding
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from V-type pyrolysis flame is a kind of novel method. It needs simple laboratory equipments and normal atmosphere pressure. The V-type pyrolysis flame experimental system is introduced. Carbon source is the carbon monoxide and heat source is from acetylene/air premixed flame. Pentacarbonyl iron, served as catalyst, is transported by spray- pyrolysis method into the flame. The carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. This study aims to find the formation rule of carbon nanotubes from the V-type pyrolysis flame in different sampling times. The carbon nanotubes with less impurity and high yield were captured successfully in the V-type pyrolysis flame. The diameter of carbon nanotubes was approximate between 10nm and 20nm, and its length was dozens of microns. When the sampling time was below 3 minutes, the growth of carbon nanotubes came into the preparation growth period. The length of the carbon nanotubes increased gradually and the diameter had no obvious change with the extension of sampling time. When the sampling time was continued to the 5th minute, the growth of carbon nanotubes came into the exuberant growth period. The carbon nanotubes growth was finished within 5minutes. Longer sampling time was meaningless after the carbon nanotubes formation.

Encapsulated Fullerenes Within Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Brian W. Smith ◽  
David E. Luzzi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Phase Object ◽  
Parallel Lines ◽  
Weak Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron

It is well documented that the pulsed laser vaporization of graphite produces both carbon nanotubes and C60 in the presence of certain metallic catalysts. In nanotube production most of the Ceo is removed along with other residual contaminants during succeeding purification and annealing steps. The possibility of C60 becoming trapped inside a nanotube during this elaborate sequence has been considered but not previously detected.Nanotubes are observed with high resolution transmission electron microscopy under conditions chosen to minimize both exposure time and irradiation damage. Since a nanotube satisfies the weak phase object approximation, its image is a projection of the specimen -potential in the direction of the electron beam. The image has maximum contrast where the beam encounters the most carbon atoms, which occurs where it is tangent to the tube’s walls. Thus, the image consists of two dark parallel lines whose separation is equal to the tube diameter, 1.4 nm.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document