scholarly journals Methodological Issues on the Importance of Instrument Validation in Cross-Sectional Health Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Amir-Behghadami ◽  
Masoumeh Gholizadeh ◽  
Ali Janati
Keyword(s):  
Health Research ◽  
Instrument Validation ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional

Cross-sectional studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Manolis Kogevinas ◽  
Leda Chatzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Study Designs

This chapter will first describe the uses of cross-sectional studies in epidemiological and public health research and then discuss methodological issues concerning the design, the main biases of these studies including response rates, and how to improve participation. In recent years these studies have also incorporated the collection of biospecimens. In aetiological research, cross-sectional studies are suitable epidemiological means for studying non-fatal diseases and effects on physiological variables that do not have a clear time of onset. However, the design of cross-sectional studies makes them less appropriate than other study designs for investigating causal associations. The chapter will finally discuss issues related to the statistical analysis of cross-sectional studies. Many of these issues are also relevant to other epidemiological designs.

scholarly journals Pneumonia pada Anak Balita di Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Athena Anwar ◽  
Ika Dharmayanti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Determinant Factors

Pneumonia adalah penyakit infeksi yang merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada balita di dunia. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2007 melaporkan bahwa kematian balita di Indonesia mencapai 15,5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor determinan terjadinya pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini adalah potong lintang dengan menggunakan data Riskesdas 2013. Kriteria sampel adalah balita (0 – 59 bulan) yang menjadi responden Riskesdas 2013. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian pneumonia balita, sedangkan variabel independennya adalah karakteristik individu, lingkungan fisik rumah, perilaku penggunaan bahan bakar, dan kebiasaan merokok. Penetapan kejadian pneumonia berdasarkan hasil wawancara, dengan batasan operasional diagnosis pneumonia oleh tenaga kesehatan dan/atau dengan gejala pneumonia dalam periode 12 bulan terakhir. Jumlah sampel yang memenuhi kriteria adalah 82.666 orang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang paling berperan dalam kejadian pneumonia balita adalah jenis kelamin balita (OR = 1,10; 95% CI = 1,02 - 1,18), tipe tempat tinggal (OR = 1,15; 95% CI = 1,06 – 1,25), pendidikan ibu (OR = 1,20; 95% CI = 1,11 – 1,30), tingkat ekonomi keluarga/kuintil indeks kepemilikan (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,10 – 1,30), pemisahan dapur dari ruangan lain (OR = 1,19; 95% CI = 1,05 – 1,34), keberadan/kebiasaan membuka jendela kamar (OR = 1,17; 95% CI = 1,04 – 1,31), dan ventilasi kamar yang cukup (OR = 1,16; 95% CI = 1,04 – 1,30). Disimpulkan bahwa faktor sosial, demografi, ekonomi dan kondisi lingkungan fisik rumah secara bersama-sama berperan terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Indonesia.Pneumonia is an infectious disease which is a major cause of mortality in children under five years of age in the world. National Basic Health Research 2007 reported that infant mortality in Indonesia has reached 15.5%. The objective of the study was to identify the determinant factors related to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five years of age in Indonesia. The research design was cross sectional, using National Basic Health Research 2013 data. Sample criteria were children under five years of age (0 – 59 months). The dependent variable was the incidence of pneumonia among children under five years of age, while the independent variables were individual characteristics, physical environment of house, types of fuel used, and smoking habit. There were 82,666 samples that fulfilled the study criteria. The result showed that determinant factors contributing to the incidence of pneumonia in children were sex (OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.02 – 1.18), residence (urban/rural) (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1,06 – 1,25), maternal education (OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.11 – 1.30), household poverty index quintile (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.10 – 1.30) , kitchen separation (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05 – 1.34), window availability in bedroom (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.31), and bedroom ventilation (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.04 – 1.30). This study concluded that social factors, demographic, economic levels and the physical environment of house simultaneously contributed to the incidence of pneumonia in children under five of age. 

scholarly journals Community violence and childhood asthma prevalence in peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme da Costa Alves ◽  
Darci Neves Santos ◽  
Caroline Alves Feitosa ◽  
Mauricio Lima Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Community Violence ◽  
Childhood Asthma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Exposure To Community Violence

This study aimed to identify degrees of exposure to community violence reported by parents and guardians of children from four to 12 years of age and the association with childhood asthma symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,232 parents/guardians in 24 peripheral neighborhoods in Salvador, the capital of Bahia State, Brazil. The authors investigated asthma symptoms in children and acts of violence in the community. More than 75% of parents/guardians had been exposed to community violence in the previous year, with 20% reporting high levels of exposure. Children that were more exposed to violence showed higher asthma prevalence (28.4%) as compared to non-exposed children (16.4%). Children exposed to maximum levels of violence were nearly twice as likely to present asthma symptoms (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.12-3.36). The study highlighted the relevance of community violence as a risk factor for asthma and the need for further research to elucidate methodological issues.

scholarly journals The Role of Adult Attachment and Social Support in Hoarding Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Medard ◽  
Stephen Kellett
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hoarding Disorder ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Revised Si

Background: Research concerning the role of attachment and social support in hoarding is currently under investigated. Aims: To investigate whether hoarders experience less social support and more problematic relationships, the degree to which attachment and social support predicts hoarding and whether attachment moderates the relationship between social support and hoarding. Method: Measures of hoarding, attachment and social support were taken in a cross-sectional methodological design. Hoarders were identified via scores reaching caseness on the Savings Inventory–Revised (SI-R). Results: Hoarders (N = 380) reported significantly higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance and significantly lower levels of social support than student (N = 670) and community (N = 379) controls. Attachment and social support predicted 13% of total SI-R scores for hoarders, and attachment anxiety (but not avoidance) moderated the inverse relationship between social support and hoarding. Conclusions: Attachment and social support appears problematic for hoarders. Clinical implications and methodological issues are noted.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Postpartum Health Care With Contraceptive After Childbirth In Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Arantika Meidya Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Postpartum Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

<p>Result of SDKI 2012 show that MMR in Indonesia is 359 deaths per 100,000 live births. This result show that Indonesia still far from the target SDGs (Suitable Development Goals), who reducing the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) to 70 per 100,000 live birth. One of the breakthrough programs of the Ministry of Health in an effort to accelerate the reduction in maternal mortality is to increase contraceptive after childbirth. The coverage of contraceptive after childbirth in Indonesia is still far from what is expected, from the 2013 Riskesdas data the coverage of contraceptive after childbirth in Indonesia was only 59.6%. Papua became a province with the lowest coverage of only 26%. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between postpartum health care and contraceptive after childbirth in Indonesia. This study using  secondary data from "2013 Basic Health Research" conducted by the Health Research and Development Institute. The 2013 Riskesdas survey uses a cross sectional design. The results of the Chi-Square test showed that there were 0,0001, which meant that there was a relationship between postpartum health care and contraceptive after childbirth in Indonesia. While the results of the analysis of OR values were 1.595, which means that mothers who received health care during the postpartum were 1.6 times more likely to use contraceptive after childbirth.</p>

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