COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE - SELECTED MODEL-

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (29) ◽  
pp. 442-461
Author(s):  
Ghrieb Djamila-
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Arabic Language

scholarly journals Digitization of the Arabic Language Between Reality and Expectations

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 1151-1158
Keyword(s):  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Technological Breakthrough ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Technology

It is not hidden of anybody now what the world is going through a Technological breakthrough, In the light of a scientific revolution and information and technology is characterized by high speed and efficiency, , And there is no doubt that the Arabic language challenges the current and future multiple, which requires the advancement of reality to keep pace with the worlds of digitization, which affected all disciplines, so that This research paper aims at locating the factors behind the growing interest in the computerization of Arabic Language. It sheds light on the efforts exerted in founding this newly established branch of knowledge, identifies the obstacles facing its progress and puts forth the possible solutions for them. This paper shows forth the gradual stages of the development of the science of Computational Language in contemporary Arab Studies and the advancement of Arab linguistic research in the field of computational linguistics. It aims at proposing a constitutive project for the establishment of an Arab Computational Linguistics that follow a firm practical and theoretical methodology in applying computer sciences in solving the linguistic issues. Using the method of induction and descriptive. It introduces a proposal for the syllabus of computerization of the Arabic language as a newly introduced part of the Arabic language programs Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. Besides, the paper within hand calls for the introduction of a new specialization subordinate to the Department of Arabic Language under the rubric of ''Bachelor of Arabic language computerization ''. It also confirmed the necessity of deploying computer awareness among scholars of Arabic and encouraging universities to customize new courses based on the computerization of the Arabic language

A Study on Classical Texts in the Field of Computational Linguistics through Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 852-859
Author(s):  
Athira Najwa Zakaria Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Classical Text ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Search Numbers

Manuscripts or classic texts written by hand found in papers, barks, and rattans are relics of past generations. According to generated data, Springer Link publishes a total of 111,010 articles concerning classical texts from the year 2015 to 2019. The present bibliometric analysis focuses on three aspects, namely year of publication, type of document, and field of discipline. Data collection in schedules and visual scheduling display the current trends of classical text studies. Bibliometric analysis discovers that the utmost type of publication generated from the classical text neyword is “article” with 6,962,098 hits. The field of research which records the highest search frequency is “Physics” with 30,705, whereas, the field of “Linguistics” only records 1425. However, the analysis concentrates about research on the subdiscipline field of computational linguistics. The Language and Literature subdiscipline records the highest search numbers of 148. Through the bibliometric study, three prominent lexicons revealed from the field of linguistics closely related to classical texts are Language, Corpus, and the Arabic Language. The process of topic visualisation of research papers through a word cloud can reveal these three lexicons. In conclusion, bibliometric analysis related to the field of linguistics not only provides a clear view of current developments of global classical text studies, but it also predicts the future research potential of the field. 

Morphological Characterization of Mycobacteriophage R1

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 254-255
Author(s):  
B. L. Soloff ◽  
T. A. Rado
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Lysogenic Culture ◽  
Logarithmic Growth

Mycobacteriophage R1 was originally isolated from a lysogenic culture of M. butyricum. The virus was propagated on a leucine-requiring derivative of M. smegmatis, 607 leu−, isolated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of typestrain ATCC 607. Growth was accomplished in a minimal medium containing glycerol and glucose as carbon source and enriched by the addition of 80 μg/ ml L-leucine. Bacteria in early logarithmic growth phase were infected with virus at a multiplicity of 5, and incubated with aeration for 8 hours. The partially lysed suspension was diluted 1:10 in growth medium and incubated for a further 8 hours. This permitted stationary phase cells to re-enter logarithmic growth and resulted in complete lysis of the culture.

AEM analysis of crystallization in Ti-based amorphous alloys

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
A.R. Pelton ◽  
A.F. Marshall ◽  
Y.S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Amorphous Alloys ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Isothermal Annealing ◽  
Amorphous Matrix ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties

Amorphous materials are of current interest due to their desirable mechanical, electrical and magnetic properties. Furthermore, crystallizing amorphous alloys provides an avenue for discerning sequential and competitive phases thus allowing access to otherwise inaccessible crystalline structures. Previous studies have shown the benefits of using AEM to determine crystal structures and compositions of partially crystallized alloys. The present paper will discuss the AEM characterization of crystallized Cu-Ti and Ni-Ti amorphous films.Cu60Ti40: The amorphous alloy Cu60Ti40, when continuously heated, forms a simple intermediate, macrocrystalline phase which then transforms to the ordered, equilibrium Cu3Ti2 phase. However, contrary to what one would expect from kinetic considerations, isothermal annealing below the isochronal crystallization temperature results in direct nucleation and growth of Cu3Ti2 from the amorphous matrix.

Characterization of Coherent, Ordered Precipitates in Nickel-Base Alloys

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
B. H. Kear ◽  
J. M. Oblak
Keyword(s):  
Stable Phase ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Alloy 718 ◽  
Commercial Alloy ◽  
Precipitate Morphology ◽  
Continuous Precipitation ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Base Superalloy ◽  
Strengthening Precipitate

A nickel-base superalloy is essentially a Ni/Cr solid solution hardened by additions of Al (Ti, Nb, etc.) to precipitate a coherent, ordered phase. In most commercial alloy systems, e.g. B-1900, IN-100 and Mar-M200, the stable precipitate is Ni3 (Al,Ti) γ′, with an LI2structure. In A lloy 901 the normal precipitate is metastable Nis Ti3 γ′ ; the stable phase is a hexagonal Do2 4 structure. In Alloy 718 the strengthening precipitate is metastable γ″, which has a body-centered tetragonal D022 structure.Precipitate MorphologyIn most systems the ordered γ′ phase forms by a continuous precipitation re-action, which gives rise to a uniform intragranular dispersion of precipitate particles. For zero γ/γ′ misfit, the γ′ precipitates assume a spheroidal.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

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