scholarly journals EPIDIGMATIC CHARACTERISTIC AND GRAPHIC DESCRIPTION OF SEMANTIC HIERARCHY THE LEXICAL UNIT "XƏTT" (LINE) IN THE LANGUAGE OF NASIMI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Khadija Heydarova
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Semantic Hierarchy ◽  
Graphic Description

Ways of Lexicographic Submission of Chronologically Noted Lexicon

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
E. V. Grudeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Time Component

Article is focused on lexicographic interpretation of chronologically noted words. Chronologically noted lexicon is defined as lexicon which lexicographic submission is followed by any reference fixing attachment of a lexical unit to some historical period showing a «time» component of the meaning. Article purpose is to present the system of ways of chronologically noted lexicon representation in Russian lexicography according to the basis of the research of explanatory dictionaries of different type. In the work the following methods of a research as descriptive, comparative, method of the component analysis, method of dictionary interpretation are used. The system of submission of chronological information in different explanatory dictionaries has both similarity and distinction. As the research has shown, the choice of lexicographic procedures of chronologically noted lexicon characteristics made by different authors depends on two key factors: dictionary type (according to S.I. Ozhegov’s classification) and theoretical position of its makers.

Historia leksemu "badylarz" (na marginesie prac nad "Wielkim słownikiem języka polskiego PAN")

Język Polski ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jakub Bobrowski
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article explores the semantic and pragmatic evolution of the lexical unit "badylarz" (‘vegetable gardener’). The author challenges the generally accepted opinions about its history, making use of data from dictionaries, digital libraries and corpora of the Polish language. It is commonly believed that the word came into existence during the PRL era and belonged to the typical elements of the discourse of communist propaganda. An analysis of the collected data showed that the word "badylarz" existed as far back as the second half of the 19th century. Originally, it was a neutral lexeme, but in the interwar period it became one of the offensive names of class enemies, often used in left-wing newspapers. After the war, negative connotations of the word were disseminated through literature and popular culture. Nowadays, "badylarz" functions as the lexical exponent of cultural memory of communist times.

INTERPRETATIONAL FIELD OF THE CONCEPT “WOMAN” IN ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ LINGUOCULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Баяманова М.С.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Field Culture

Summary: The article deals with the analysis of the interpretational field of the basic lexical units which represent the meaning of the concept “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and cultures. Comparative – contrastive analytical data of the most frequently used in both languages variants of the interpretation of the concept “woman” have been given. The semantic fields of nuclear and nearnuclear meanings of the lexical units, transforming the notion of “woman” in English and Kyrgyz languages and also the place and role of these notions in cultures and philosophy of the nations on the basis of mentality and traditional values have been studied and described. The situations of the use of this or that variant of the meaning of lexical unit. A comparative study of the definitions of the word “woman’ in English and Kyrgyz languages have been given. Key words: concept, woman, interpretational field, notion, definition, semantic field, culture, language, linguoculture, transformation Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются интерпретационные поля основных лексических единиц, репрезентирующих значение концепта «женщина» в английской и кыргызской лингвокультурах. Приводятся сравнительно-сопоставительные аналитические данные наиболее употребительных в речи обоих языков вариантов интерпретации концепта «женщина». Изучены и описаны семантические поля ядерных и околоядерных значений лексических единиц, трансформирующих понятие «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языке, а также роль и место этих понятий в культурах и философии народов на основе менталитета и традиционных ценностей. Приводятся ситуации использования того или ино- го варианта значения лексической единицы, проведено сравнительное изучение определений слова «женщина» в английском и кыргызском языках. Ключевые слова: концепт, женщина, интерпретационное поле, понятие, определение, семантическое поле, культура, язык, лингвокультура, трансформация Аннотация: Макалада англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде жана маданияттарында «аял» концептинин маанисин репрезентациалаган негизги лексикалык бирдиктер каралат. «Аял» концептин эки тилдеги кѳп колдонулуучу интерпретациялоо варианттарынын аналитикалык салыштырма маалыматтары изил- делип берилген. Англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде «аял» түшүнүгүн трансформациялаган лексикалык бирдиктердин түп нуска жана ага жакындашкан маанилери иликтелип каралган. Берилген түшүнүктѳрдүн элдик философиясында жана маданиятында, менталитеттин жана салттын негизинде эл арасына кеӊири тараган, элдик тилде жана маданиятта ойногон ролу менен орду чагылдырылган. Ар түрдү ситацияларда колдонулуучу тиги же бул лексикалык бирдиктердин маанисинин варианттары каралган, «аял» деген сѳздун англис жана кыргыз тилдериндеги түшүндүрмѳлѳрү салыштырылып изилделген. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: концепт, аял, интерпретациялоо мейкиндиги, түшүнүк, түшүндүрмѳ, семантикалык чѳйрѳ, маданият, тил, лингвомаданият, трансформациялоо

Islamization of “Muhammadan Law” in India

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Syed Khalid Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
The World ◽  
Graphic Description ◽  
Divine Guidance

I. Introductory RemarksOne of the bounties bestowed on Muslims by Allah (SWT) is the Shari'ah:the Divine guidance and code of conduct, necessary to achieve success inthis world and the world hereafter. For the colonists who subjugated Muslimlands it appeared necessary therefore to first deprive Muslims of their sourceof sustenance and symbol of identity. The first target of their attack was theShari'ah; every aspect of which was ridiculed, belittled or truncated. It isdifficult to improve upon Isma’il Raji al Faruqi‘s graphic description of thisonslaught. He who wrote:By the colonialists directly, or by their native stooges, everythingIslamic fell under attack. The integrity of the Qur’Gnic text, thegenuineness of the Prophet (SAAS), the veracity of his Sunnah,the perfection of the Sharibh the glories of Muslim achievementsin culture and civilization - none of them was spared. The purposewas to inject doubt in the Muslim’s confidence in himself . . .to subvert his Islamic personality . . . lacking the spiritual staminanecessary for resistance . . . the Muslim was turned into somethingneither Islamic nor Western, a cultural monstrosity of modemtimes ...

Interpreting collocations: An analysis of collocation dictionaries of: English, German and Russian

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-132
Author(s):  
Armine Garibyan
Keyword(s):  
Specific Information ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
User Groups

Abstract Unless online collocation tools have not become common yet, printed collocation dictionaries are still one of the few sources of checking collocative possibilities of a lexical unit. The aim of this paper is to analyse one printed collocation dictionary in each of the 3 languages: English, German and Russian and see which interpretation of collocation was focused on and what user groups were targeted. Also, it was attempted to see whether the morphological specificity of the languages was taken consideration of as compared to the structure of these dictionaries, and further determine whether inclusion or exclusion of certain language-specific information aims at a particular group of target users.

One small step for MIP towards automated metaphor identification?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aletta G. Dorst ◽  
W.Gudrun Reijnierse ◽  
Gemma Venhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Small Step ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Natural Discourse ◽  
Authentic Data ◽  
Large Corpus

The manual annotation of large corpora is time-consuming and brings about issues of consistency. This paper aims to demonstrate how general rules for determining basic meanings can be formulated in large-scale projects involving multiple analysts applying MIP(VU) to authentic data. Three sets of problematic lexical units — chemical processes, colours, and sharp objects — are discussed in relation to the question of how the basic meaning of a lexical unit can be determined when human and non-human senses compete as candidates for the basic meaning; these analyses can therefore be considered a detailed case study of problems encountered during step 3.b. of MIP(VU). The analyses show how these problematic cases were tackled in a large corpus clean-up project in order to streamline the annotations and ensure a greater consistency of the corpus. In addition, this paper will point out how the formulation of general identification rules and guidelines could provide a first step towards the automatic detection of linguistic metaphors in natural discourse.

Morphemic and Syntactic Phrasemes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-74
Author(s):  
Igor Mel’čuk
Keyword(s):  
Light Weight ◽  
Lexical Unit ◽  
Loaded Surface ◽  
Syntactic Relations

Abstract A morphemic phraseme is a phraseme (= a constrained combination of linguistic signs) composed of morphemes that are part of the same wordform. Like a lexemic phraseme, a morphemic phraseme has a segmental signifier. All logically possible types of morphemic phrasemes are presented and illustrated: morphemic idioms, collocations, nominemes and clichés. Formally, these can be phraseologized complex stems, phraseologized complex affixes and phraseologized wordforms. A syntactic phraseme is a phraseme that includes at least two minimal syntactic subtrees and whose signifier is non-segmental (it involves prosody or an operation). All syntactic phrasemes are idioms. A syntactic idiom must be distinguished from 1) phrases described by means of semantically loaded surface-syntactic relations; 2) phrases consisting of a lexical unit taken together with its actants; 3) lexemic phrasemes consisting of “light-weight” words, such as Rus. ˹nu i˺ [X]! lit. ‘Well and [X]’ = ‘What an amazing X!’, and 4) lexemic phrasemes with syntactic pecularities. The notion of fictitious lexeme, necessary for designating some syntactic idioms (those that are expressed only by prosody), is introduced. An illustrative list of 29 Russian syntactic idioms is presented, as well as the lexical entries for several Russian syntactic idioms.

An anisotropic charged fluids with Chaplygin equation of state

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (21) ◽  
pp. 2150153
Author(s):  
Joaquin Estevez-Delgado ◽  
Noel Enrique Rodríguez Maya ◽  
José Martínez Peña ◽  
Arthur Cleary-Balderas ◽  
Jorge Mauricio Paulin-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Radial Pressure ◽  
State Equation ◽  
Stellar Model ◽  
Compact Objects ◽  
Anisotropic Fluid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Electrically Charged ◽  
Chaplygin Equation ◽  
Graphic Description

A stellar model with an electrically charged anisotropic fluid as a source of matter is presented. The radial pressure is described by a Chaplygin state equation, [Formula: see text], while the anisotropy [Formula: see text] is annulled in the center of the star [Formula: see text] is regular and [Formula: see text], the electric field, is also annulled in the center. The density pressures and the tangential speed of sound are regular, while the radial speed of sound is monotonically increasing. The model is physically acceptable and meets the stability criteria of Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov and in respect of the cracking concept the solution is unstable in the region of the center and potentially stable near the surface. A graphic description is presented for the case of an object with a compactness rate [Formula: see text], mass [Formula: see text] and radius [Formula: see text] km that matches the star Vela X-1. Also, the interval of the central density [Formula: see text], which is consistent with the expected magnitudes for this type of stars, which shows that the behavior is accurate for describing compact objects.

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